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Mary Chudleigh, stoicism, and female sagehood
No full textIn 1710, Mary Chudleigh (1656–1710) published her Essays upon Several Subjects, a work that builds on the teachings of the Roman Stoic Epictetus (55–c.135 AD). Recent scholars have examined Chudleigh as a poet or an essayist, but few have studied her as a philosopher. This is surprising because the Essays is an intensely philosophical work. Like Epictetus’ Enchiridion, Chudleigh’s volume provides its readers with Stoic ethical advice designed to transform their lives and lead them to happiness. In this chapter, I examine Chudleigh’s Stoic ideas concerning women’s education, motherhood, and marriage. At first glance, Chudleigh seemingly advises that women should cultivate a “manly” detachment from external things and avoid an “effeminate” emotional dependence on others. On closer analysis, however, her key point is that women can strike a balance between Stoic apatheia and an excessive love of external things, so long as they cultivate emotions that are compatible with reason. Far from advocating an austere emotional detachment, Chudleigh teaches women they can become wise and virtuous agents—“sages” in the Stoic sense—who are capable of cultivating well-reasoned affective responses. I conclude that, in Chudleigh’s writings, one can trace the contours of a female intellectual identity founded on Stoic principles
ESP in context:a systematic review of practices, challenges and innovations in a middle-income country
No full textEnglish for Specific Purposes (ESP) is an important component in educational systems worldwide, particularly in middle-income countries (MICs) such as Indonesia, where globalisation and internationalisation have driven the demand for English proficiency. This systematic literature review synthesises existing research on ESP practices within the Indonesian context to identify key trends, gaps, and challenges in current practices and inform future curriculum development and policy directions. Sixty studies, screened against predefined inclusion criteria, were analysed to address the overarching question of how ESP is conceptualised and implemented in Indonesia. The synthesis identified three themes concerning students’ language and communication needs across professional fields, the challenges and strategies involved in ESP teaching, and the use of innovations such as technology and alternative pedagogical approaches. Overall, the review synthesises current trends, challenges, and practices in ESP education, while offering insights transferable to other MICs with similar socioeconomic conditions. The findings provide implications for researchers, educators, and policymakers seeking to enhance ESP provision in comparable contexts
Impact of autonomous vehicles on discretionary activities:an agent-based model with space–time accessibility constraints
No full textThe extensive development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is set to revolutionise the way of travelling. Research suggests that the introduction of AVs may affect travel behaviour and choices, resulting in long-term changes in land use. Accessibility is an important concept that connects transportation and land use, providing a holistic performance measure for the transport-land use system. However, this concept has not been adequately capitalised in studies that attempt to understand the impact of AVs on location choice decisions. To explore this knowledge gap, we proposed an agent-based simulation framework that integrates with accessibility constraints to study how AVs influence behavioural and location choices. The framework consists of an activity-based travel demand model with accessibility constraints and a dynamic transport assignment model. The accessibility constraints are derived from individuals’ travel time budgets based on activity-travel survey data. We applied the agent-based simulation framework to Clayton, Australia, and focused on discretionary activity location choices. Various values of travel time and vehicle running costs underpinned by the use of AVs were examined. While most studies have concluded that AVs can significantly increase trip lengths for daily activities, our results demonstrate that even when AVs are used, the movement of individuals is still limited by spatio-temporal constraints of accessibility. As a result, we predict that the increase in discretionary trip lengths and their impact on traffic congestion is modest.</p
Folklore narratives and IPO outcomes
No full textOur primary contribution to the finance literature is the introduction of folklore narratives as a major factor in influencing corporate outcomes. Using the initial public offering (IPO) underpricing as the main focus, we demonstrate that folklore narratives depicting lower tolerance toward antisocial behavior are associated with lower IPO underpricing. The relation between folklore narratives and IPO pricing is independent of indicators of trust, religion, culture, societal preferences, or institutional democracy. This relation is weaker in countries with a more transparent information environment and following reforms that improve disclosure and corporate governance. Folklore narratives on punishment for antisocial behavior are also related to enhanced information disclosure, lower agency problems, better long-term performance for IPO firms, higher proceeds raised and free float, and overall IPO activity in the market. Collectively, we show that informal institutions, such as folklore narratives, exert a strong influence on IPO outcomes globally.</p
Making waves:breaking bottlenecks in forward osmosis through strategic integration with other techniques for resource recovery
No full textForward osmosis (FO) has emerged as a promising technology for recovering nutrients, biofuels, metals, and minerals from diverse water sources, including wastewater and salt-lake brines. However, significant bottlenecks such as membrane fouling, draw solution regeneration, concentration polarization (CP), and reverse solute diffusion (RSD) continue to hinder its broader application. Current research has focused primarily on intrinsic solutions, including the development of advanced membrane materials, antifouling coatings, and hydrodynamic optimizations. While these strategies have shown potential, their scalability and general applicability remain limited. Forward osmosis-integrated (FOI) systems offer innovative solutions by leveraging hybrid mechanisms to address these challenges. Herein, we examine recent advancements in FOI systems, emphasizing their role in enhancing draw solute recovery, improving resource extraction efficiency, mitigating fouling, and reusing RSD. FOI systems highlight their transformative potential through integration with biological, membrane-based, and electrochemical methods. These hybrid approaches not only address key challenges but also provide new insights into resource recovery and wastewater treatment, underscoring their critical role in advancing FO toward sustainable and efficient solutions.</p
The contested political economy of Norway's oil and gas industry
No full textNorway, Western Europe's largest petroleum exporter, faces a profound paradox: its economic prosperity relies heavily on hydrocarbon production, yet it champions some of the world's most ambitious climate policies. Petroleum exports account for 18 % of GDP and 42 % of total export value, while domestic CO₂ emissions reach 50 million tonnes annually, excluding emissions from exported fuels, which would multiply its climate footprint tenfold. This paper examines Norway's dual role as a strategic energy supplier and a climate leader during a period of European energy insecurity. We analyze the implications of expanding oil and gas exploration on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, assess production- and consumption-based emission accounting frameworks, and propose a more comprehensive climate accountability approach. A new discussion section synthesizes political economy perspectives on the feasibility of reducing production, identifies key actors shaping policy, and evaluates arguments for continued extraction amid global energy transition. Our findings highlight the tension between short-term energy imperatives and long-term climate commitments, offering pathways for reconciling these competing priorities. The study contributes novel insights by integrating emission accounting reform with strategic policy options, advancing the debate on how resource-rich nations can align fossil fuel dependence with climate responsibility.</p