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A dynamic and stochastic perspective on time headway in traffic oscillations and its implications for traffic safety
No full textTraffic oscillations refer to the alternating patterns of vehicle deceleration and acceleration in congested conditions, which usually create significant safety concerns on freeways. Thus, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms of traffic oscillations and their underlying safety implications. This paper presents a novel approach to exploring the combined effects of dynamic time headway (DTH) and stochasticity on traffic oscillations during car-following. Using high-precision trajectory data, we demonstrate a strong correlation between DTH and stochasticity strength with the power functions of speed. We then extend the car-following model framework that considers both the dynamic characteristics and stochasticity of time headway to investigate the mechanisms of traffic oscillation. The model calibration and validation results demonstrate that our extended model outperforms the original model in terms of trajectory fitting accuracy, successfully replicating the asymmetric driving behavior and the concave growth pattern of speed standard deviation. Building upon this novel perspective, linear stability and safety evaluation are systematically conducted to understand the comprehensive influence of DTH and stochasticity. Our theoretical and numerical experiments show that DTH significantly increases the range of string instability in traffic flow, particularly at low-speed regimes. The influence of the stochasticity on the marginal stability of traffic flow shows a pattern of increasing followed by decreasing tendencies. Also, the combined effect of drivers’ DTH characteristics and stochasticity could expand the rear-end collision risks at low-speed regimes, showing a backward diffusion effect. Our findings further establish the interconnection of traffic oscillations with traffic stability and safety concerns.</p
Navigating ethical challenges in generative AI-enhanced research:the ETHICAL framework for responsible generative AI use
Get PDFThe rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in research presents both opportunities and ethical challenges that should be carefully navigated. Although GenAI tools can enhance research efficiency by automating tasks such as literature reviews and data analysis, their use raises concerns about aspects including data accuracy, privacy, bias, and research integrity. This paper proposes the ETHICAL framework, which is a practical guide for responsible GenAI use in research. Employing a multi-stage single case study design, we examine multiple GenAI tools in real research contexts to develop the ETHICAL framework, which consists of seven key principles: Examine policies and guidelines, Think about social impacts, Harness understanding of the technology, Indicate use, Critically engage with outputs, Access secure versions, and Look at user agreements. Applying these principles will enable researchers to uphold research integrity while leveraging the benefits of GenAI. The framework addresses a critical gap between awareness of ethical issues and practical action steps, providing researchers with concrete guidance for ethical GenAI integration. This work has implications for research practice, institutional policy development, and the broader academic community as researchers adapt to an AI-enhanced research landscape. The ETHICAL framework can also serve as a foundation for developing AI literacy in academia and promoting responsible GenAI adoption in research settings
Job crafting through the lens of exploitation and exploration:a daily diary study on job crafting towards strengths and development
Get PDFThis study investigates how employees engage in two distinct job crafting strategies by either leveraging their existing strengths (job crafting towards strengths, JC-strengths) or pursuing personal development (job crafting towards development, JC-development) through the lens of exploitation and exploration. We propose that JC-strengths, as an exploitative strategy, enhances task performance, whereas JC-development, as an explorative strategy, boosts creative performance. We further propose that job autonomy enables both JC-strengths and JC-development by affording discretion in how work is shaped, while a strong performance-pay link serves as a directional signal by reinforcing exploitation-oriented crafting (JC-strengths) and discouraging exploration-oriented crafting (JC-development) in the presence of job autonomy. Conducting a 10-day daily survey among 115 employees, our findings confirmed the hypothesized distinct effects of JC-strengths and JC-development on task and creative performance on a daily basis, respectively. Moreover, daily job autonomy was found to be significantly related to daily JC-strengths, especially when coupled with a high performance-pay link. However, the expected effect of daily job autonomy on daily JC-development and the cross-level moderating effect of performance-pay link on this relationship were not significant.</p
When algorithmic management was new Engineered standards and the managerial prerogative in Australia
Get PDFIn this article we analyse the significance for critical logistics studies of a neglected chapter in industrial relations history, the introduction of so-called ‘Engineered Standards’ into the Australian food and groceries sector in the late 1980s and early 1990s. We argue that this episode was decisive in establishing the conditions which have allowed algorithmic management to flourish in Australia in more recent years. We argue for the significance of this episode as responding to a crisis in the corporatist organisation of Australian industrial relations during the neo-liberal ‘Accord’ era. Engineered Standards, we argue, constituted a decisive ‘break’ within Australian logistics, establishing a new technical, managerial, and discursive order.</p
The WHO pandemic agreement’s missing epistemic architectures:infodemics and antimicrobial resistance as examples
Get PDFOn 20 May 2025, the 78th World Health Assembly adopted the World Health Organization’s Pandemic Agreement (PA). With the benefit of lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic, the PA rightly focuses on advancing equity, but we are concerned that the PA appears to apply equity narrowly as distributive justice and neglects epistemic justice. Using infodemics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as examples, we argue that the PA misses epistemic architectures. We first explain why infodemics are an important public health concern that the PA seeks to address, even though it does not clearly mention them. We then explain why equity must be interpreted to include epistemic justice. Using infodemics as an example, we subsequently discuss how the epistemic architecture of the PA on infodemics will need to be set out clearly as an annex to the PA or through the adoption of an additional protocol. We note in particular that the PA could help to draw together different normative and human rights approaches and frameworks to meet the requirements of epistemic justice. A similar challenge applies to AMR as an epistemically complex phenomenon, and our argument is that a global response to AMR will require a just and equitable epistemic architecture that the PA could lay the foundation for.</p
Bridging digital finance and ESG success:the role of financing constraints, innovation, and governance
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of digital finance on corporate ESG performance, using panel data from A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets between 2011 and 2022. Our findings demonstrate that digital finance significantly enhances corporate ESG outcomes, with financing constraints and digital transformation serving as partial mediators and internal control quality acting as a moderating factor. The results from channel tests indicate that digital finance facilitates notable improvements in social performance and corporate governance, while its influence on environmental performance remains limited. Further analysis reveals that the positive impacts of digital finance on ESG are more evident in small-scale, technology-intensive, and non-polluting firms. This study concludes by proposing tailored recommendations for government, financial institutions, and corporations, emphasizing the need for differentiated policies to elevate ESG practices and promote higher quality, sustainable economic, and social development in China.</p
Foreign bank lending during COVID-19
Get PDFWe study whether foreign banks’ exposure to the pandemic in their home countries affected their lending in Türkiye. Although foreign banks issued more loans than domestic banks, the ones with higher exposure to the pandemic decreased their lending significantly: 1 percentage point higher number of deaths per thousand people in their home countries led to an almost 0.5 percent reduction in lending. This reduction was alleviated by the fiscal support provided in their home countries. Our results support an international spillover of the pandemic shock and the implemented fiscal policies via banks.</p
The Journal of Australian Indigenous Issues Special Issue “Entangled Inequalities: First Nations, Working-Class, and Global Perspectives on Race, Class, and Justice”
No full textThis special issue of The Journal of Australian Indigenous Issues stems from the international conference "Class, Race, Place: Exploring Intersectionality for Access to Higher Education Globally," hosted by the National Centre for Reconciliation, Truth, and Justice (NCRTJ)-an Australian institution dedicated to advancing Indigenous sovereignty and social equity-and the Alliance of Working-Class Academics Worldwide (AWCA), a global network of scholars committed to centring working-class experience in research and higher education (HE). Both organisations are committed to real world change and working towards eradicating ongoing and pernicious structures of oppressions and the attitudes and prejudice that sustain and are sustained by these unjust systems. In that vein, the conference brought together Indigenous and working-class researchers to explore overlapping systems of exclusion and share knowledge rooted in lived experience and community-based resistance
An international perspective on geography curricula:paving a way forward for geographical thinking
Get PDFGeographical thinking is a cornerstone of modern geography education. Despite its universal value, no large-scale international study has systematically examined its integration into diverse curricular documents. This study investigates how geographical thinking is embedded in the curricula of nine countries, focusing on content and procedural dimensions. Using a structured analytical framework, the research reveals significant patterns and gaps, particularly the underrepresentation of place as a central concept, the lack of explicit focus on geographical thinking, and the limited emphasis on its procedural dimension. The findings emphasise the need for stronger interconnections between these dimensions to promote a more comprehensive approach to geographical thinking within different forms of curricula.</p