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Free-riding in academic co-authorship:the marginalization of research students
Get PDFThis study examines the phenomenon of free-riding in academic co-authorship, focusing particularly on scenarios involving accounting faculty and research students. Using strain theory, illegitimate opportunity theory, and power distance theory, we theoretically examine both the supply and demand sides of the free-riding phenomenon in academic co-authorship. Drawing on 54 semi-structured interviews, our findings reveal that free-riding in academic co-authorship is a widespread problem in Iran and India, though less pronounced in selected developed countries. In the Iranian and Indian contexts, the most frequently observed scenario involves faculty members free-riding from research students. In contrast, in the developed countries studied, the most prevalent scenario is faculty members free-riding from their counterparts. The study identifies meso- and macro-level inefficiencies as the primary root causes of this phenomenon in the developing countries of Iran and India. These include economic challenges, inappropriate formal and informal regulations and norms at universities, cultural issues, over-engagement of faculty in teaching, administrative duties, and non-academic work, as well as a high student-to-faculty ratio. In developed countries, where such inefficiencies are less common, the role of individual characteristics in driving this phenomenon becomes more pronounced. Nonetheless, cultural factors and faculty busyness remain important considerations even in developed countries. Moreover, many interviewees believe that free-riding behavior can be contagious and that experiencing it can lead to pessimism toward co-authorship. Most interviewees from Iran and India perceive free-riding as endemic in their countries' accounting research communities, in contrast to interviewees from developed countries. Drawing on participant insights, this study offers a range of recommendations to address and mitigate free-riding in academic co-authorship.</p
Groundhog Day:the internet destroys <i>and </i>saves our mental health
Get PDFOn September 11, 2023, the Influencer Ethnography Research Lab (IERLab) at Curtin University hosted “Groundhog Day”—a one-day online-only open-access collection of roundtables on the cyclical nature of academic spotlights and hot topics, and some of the frustrations related to the ahistoricity of the discussions and moral panics. Over four panels, the event addressed the cycles, patterns, templates, and related fatigue on digital media discourse. Find out more at ierlab.com/groundhogday.</p
What happened next? A survey of review clients evaluating impacts of rapid reviews
Get PDFObjectives: End-user evaluation of the impact of evidence syntheses is critical to demonstrating value. This study presents results of a survey evaluating the impact of rapid reviews undertaken by two teams based in Melbourne, Australia, and Hamilton, Canada. Methods: Clients were invited to participate in a short written survey following delivery of a rapid review. Survey items encompassed reach, usefulness and format; interactions with the review teams; and overall satisfaction. Results: Twenty-five completed surveys from 53 invitations were received pertaining to 19 rapid reviews conducted between September 2021 and October 2023. Topics encompassed COVID-19, health and behavior change; reports were an average of 31 pages; and were delivered over an average of 62 days. Evaluation findings were positive, with high satisfaction with reports and service delivery; very high satisfaction with report structure and length; good evidence of reach (reports read by decision makers and cited in other documents); and evidence that the rapid reviews made contributions to strategic planning, policy and program funding decisions. Conclusion: Rapid reviews are making impactful contributions, alongside other inputs, to policy and practice. Further research is required to build this evaluation dataset; examine the balance between timeliness and methodological rigor in evidence synthesis; and explore models of delivery and capacity within and outside of government. It is also critical to promote implementation efforts to harness the full potential of rapid reviews and other evidence syntheses to impact the lives of citizens.</p
What language should we use when talking about children with specific learning disorders? A study exploring the preference of australian parents, professionals and adults who have a specific learning disorder
Get PDFIn Australia, a broad range of terms are used when discussing children and young people with a specific learning disorder (SLD). However, little is known about how SLD-related terminology is perceived by adults with an SLD, parents of children with an SLD and the professionals who support them. The purpose of this study was to identify any SLD-related preferred terms and explore factors which may influence these preferences. Data were collected from 177 participants via an online survey which asked them to rate how much they liked each term from a provided list and why. Results showed that clear language preferences do exist amongst dyslexic adults, parents and professionals, with dyslexia/dysgraphia/dyscalculia, dyslexic/dysgraphic/dyscalculic, person with dyslexia/dysgraphia/ dyscalculia and challenges being the most liked terms whilst learning disability, learning disabled, impairment, deficit, weakness and person with a learning disability were amongst the least liked terms. A narrative synthesis revealed that participants' language preferences are largely dependent on the context and intent of communication, generating six key themes. This research offers clear implications on how society embraces strengths and diversity, including language use, and the impact this can have on individuals with SLDs.</p
Relational symmetries of disaster resilience explored through the Sendai Framework’s guiding principles
Get PDFThe Mid-Term Review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) recognizes the “interconnections and interdependencies” of disaster resilience. Conceptual and empirical research suggests that the field currently lacks innovative methodologies to enhance associated policy and practice that actively harnesses these relational dimensions. To help address these gaps, we apply Paul Ricœur’s concept of being in the world (“Oneself as Another”) to explore what a relationally-focused understanding might offer for the operationalization of the SFDRR’s 13 Guiding Principles. Our article outlines discursive, concrete, and practical benefits when relational approaches are fostered, including: (1) addressing shortcomings of structuralist, instrumentalist, and rationalist approaches; and (2) achieving more cohesive, ethical, and meaningful disaster resilience outcomes. Our analysis also reveals the particular risks of continuing to focus on the structural organizing of the constituent elements of the SFDRR’s disaster resilience policy and practice instead of attending to relational dimensions and processes. These risks include limiting ourselves to an instrumentally-driven, disconnected discourse and narrative of responses to disaster that favor the Self gaining resilience “through” Another. Thus, the alternative we illustrate, and advocate for, is a relational style of building resilience through prioritizing a robust sense of Oneself “with” Another. It is through this sense of “with” that can enable a shift from asymmetrical to symmetrical forms of policy and practice for future disaster resilience.</p
Cycles of adversity:parental joblessness in childhood and energy poverty in adulthood
Get PDFThis study examines the causal relationship between exposure to father's joblessness during childhood and adolescence and experiencing energy poverty in adulthood using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. To address concerns that father's joblessness is endogenous, we employ the interaction between the average number of recessions that occurred in the period before the individual was age 14 and maternal education level as an instrumental variable. We find that for individuals whose fathers were unemployed for six months or more growing up, the likelihood of being in energy poverty as an adult measured by subjective ability to heat the home, the objective Low-Income-High-Cost (LIHC) measure and the 10 % threshold indicator increases by 29.9 percentage points, 58.5 percentage points and 16.9 percentage points, respectively. We find that this relationship is mediated by education, health, labour market outcomes, locus of control and social capital
‘Power to the convicted class’:re-assessing prisoner-led movements and trade union organizing
No full textThis article examines prisoner-led movements that have sought the right to representation and improvements in pay and conditions. We argue that this strand of prison organizing has tended to be subsumed into narratives around prison disturbances, studies of movements for prisoners’ rights and campaigns for penal reform. The article considers the extent to which prisoner-led organizations have adapted to their unique set of circumstances by examining some historical and contemporary examples of labour organizing in prison. We contend that questions of class and class analysis more widely in relation to prisoner labour have not been explicitly analysed within contemporary penology, and consider the need for a new approach to critique worker organizing within prison settings.</p
An exploratory study of electronic medical record implementation and recordkeeping culture:the case of hospitals in Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: The digitization of healthcare, through electronic medical records (EMRs), is recognized globally as a transformative initiative. Indonesia mandated all healthcare facilities to adopt EMRs by December 31, 2023. However, this transition is complicated by diverse technological, cultural, and infrastructural challenges, with little research addressing the recordkeeping culture's impact on EMR adoption. This study investigates the electronic recordkeeping culture in Indonesian hospitals following a government mandate to adopt Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). It aims to understand the readiness and challenges in implementing EMRs across hospitals on Java and Sulawesi islands, focusing on infrastructure, staff digital skills, and varied adoption approaches. Methods: A qualitative case study approach was utilized, involving focus groups and semi-structured interviews with 150 staff from 12 hospitals. Conducted between November 2023 and June 2024, the study applied thematic analysis based on Oliver and Foscarini’s (2020) recordkeeping culture framework to explore organizational readiness, technological infrastructure, and healthcare professionals' skills in managing electronic records. Results: The findings reveal significant differences in EMR adoption between the islands. Hospitals on Java exhibited proactive engagement, supported by better technological infrastructure and staff training programs, while Sulawesi hospitals adopted EMRs primarily to meet regulatory requirements. Challenges included inconsistent internet connectivity, low digital literacy among staff, and ongoing reliance on paper records during the transition. Some Java hospitals have begun fostering a culture conducive to electronic recordkeeping by focusing on developing staff skills in EMR management. Conclusions: The effectiveness of EMR adoption in Indonesia relies on addressing technological infrastructure issues and enhancing staff digital literacy. While progress has been made, particularly in more developed regions, a cohesive national strategy emphasizing technological support and targeted training is essential to fully realize the benefits of EMRs in improving healthcare and recordkeeping standards across Indonesia.</p
Dynamic rolling horizon optimization for network-constrained V2X value stacking of electric vehicles under uncertainties
Get PDFElectric vehicle (EV) coordination can provide significant benefits through vehicle-to-everything (V2X) by interacting with the grid, buildings, and other EVs. This work aims to develop a V2X value-stacking framework, including vehicle-to-building (V2B), vehicle-to-grid (V2G), and energy trading, to maximize economic benefits for residential communities while maintaining distribution voltage. This work also seeks to quantify the impact of prediction errors related to building load, renewable energy, and EV arrivals. A dynamic rolling-horizon optimization (RHO) method is employed to leverage multiple revenue streams and maximize the potential of EV coordination. To address energy uncertainties, including hourly local building load, local photovoltaic (PV) generation, and EV arrivals, this work develops a Transformer-based forecasting model named Gated Recurrent Units-Encoder-Temporal Fusion Decoder (GRU-EN-TFD). The simulation results, using real data from Australia's National Electricity Market, and the Independent System Operators in New England and New York in the US, reveal that V2X value stacking can significantly reduce energy costs. The proposed GRU-EN-TFD model outperforms the benchmark forecast model. Uncertainties in EV arrivals have a more substantial impact on value-stacking performance, highlighting the significance of its accurate forecast. This work provides new insights into the dynamic interactions among residential communities, unlocking the full potential of EV batteries.</p
Robust Text Watermarking Based on Modifying the Stroke Components of Chinese Characters
No full textTraditional codebooks used for tracing information leakage in text documents often suffer from limitations in embedding capacity, robustness, and efficiency due to their manual generation process. This paper proposes a robust text watermarking method based on the stroke components of Chinese characters. By designing an innovative approach, Chinese character strokes are divided into several distinct components, with only specific ones being selectively modified to generate new glyphs, thus forming a unique codebook. The watermark signals are embedded by substituting the carrier glyph with the newly generated one, and the signals are extracted using a template matching method. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to traditional manually designed codebooks, the proposed method significantly reduces human labor and computational overhead while maintaining high visual quality. Moreover, it exhibits superior robustness and adaptability across various challenging scenarios, including digital noise attacks, print-scanning attacks, and print-camera capture, making it a highly effective solution for protecting textual information.</p