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Mary Chudleigh, stoicism, and female sagehood
No full textIn 1710, Mary Chudleigh (1656–1710) published her Essays upon Several Subjects, a work that builds on the teachings of the Roman Stoic Epictetus (55–c.135 AD). Recent scholars have examined Chudleigh as a poet or an essayist, but few have studied her as a philosopher. This is surprising because the Essays is an intensely philosophical work. Like Epictetus’ Enchiridion, Chudleigh’s volume provides its readers with Stoic ethical advice designed to transform their lives and lead them to happiness. In this chapter, I examine Chudleigh’s Stoic ideas concerning women’s education, motherhood, and marriage. At first glance, Chudleigh seemingly advises that women should cultivate a “manly” detachment from external things and avoid an “effeminate” emotional dependence on others. On closer analysis, however, her key point is that women can strike a balance between Stoic apatheia and an excessive love of external things, so long as they cultivate emotions that are compatible with reason. Far from advocating an austere emotional detachment, Chudleigh teaches women they can become wise and virtuous agents—“sages” in the Stoic sense—who are capable of cultivating well-reasoned affective responses. I conclude that, in Chudleigh’s writings, one can trace the contours of a female intellectual identity founded on Stoic principles
Examining factors influencing belonging amongst immigrant adolescents:a scoping review
No full textBelonging, the sense of connection with others, is vital to adolescent development and wellbeing, contributing to lower depression and anxiety, higher academic achievement, and greater social integration. Using Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Model, this scoping review examined individual (e.g., age, gender) and socio-ecological factors (e.g., family dynamics, peer relationships) influencing belonging among immigrant adolescents, identifying their interplay across family, school, and community contexts and the need for multi-level interventions. Using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, 25 studies met eligibility criteria. Findings indicated a range of individual-level factors influence belonging across school, family, and community contexts, such as heritage language proficiency enhancing ethnic identity belonging and gender influencing community belonging (with boys reporting weaker belonging). Additionally, socio-ecological factors at the micro, meso, exo, macro, and chrono levels, including family dynamics, peer relationships, school environment, community diversity, and historical context, were found to significantly impact belonging. This review emphasises the complex interplay of these factors and the need for multi-level interventions, such as school-based language support programs and community integration initiatives, to enhance social integration and reduce mental health risks among immigrant adolescents. Future research is recommended to explore belonging amongst Australian immigrant adolescents specifically and to develop comprehensive strategies for enhancing belonging.</p
Workforce impacts of subsidised mental healthcare:evidence on supply, geographic distribution, and earnings
No full textTo improve access to affordable mental healthcare, Australia introduced a national, publicly-funded program in 2006 to subsidise psychological services, which were previously privately funded. Theory suggests that by increasing demand, subsidies should incentivise providers to expand supply, either by entering the workforce or by increasing hours. However, expansion depends on supply constraints, particularly in non-metropolitan areas with pronounced workforce shortages. This study examines the program’s effects on the size, work hours, demographic composition, location, and earnings of psychologists. Using an event-study design with administrative tax records and census data, we find that the program: (1) increased the supply of psychologists, with minimal effect on average hours worked per psychologist; (2) increased the likelihood of psychologists working in non-metropolitan areas, supporting broader access to mental healthcare; and (3) raised psychologists’ annual personal incomes.</p
A novel method for assessing chemical leaching from surface water-pavement interactions applied to recycled-tyre reuse products
No full textGlobally, recycling of otherwise waste materials into new products is desired. End-of-life tyres are increasingly incorporated into new pavement materials but leaching of entrained chemicals from such products is not well quantified. Chemical concentrations in runoff from pavements may pose environmental and human health risks. High liquid–solid ratio, batch-agitated leaching is standard practice for assessing leachability and hazards of chemicals-of-potential-concern in contaminated soil and wastes but is not reflective of important exposure scenarios and may mislead. A new static surface leaching procedure (SSLP) is introduced that is more representative of chemical leaching from pavement reuse materials whilst in contact with rainfall/runoff water. SSLP was evaluated over 2–14 d intervals against batch-agitated leaching for two rubberised pavement products containing 10-fold different proportions of crumbed end-of-life tyres. Although, batch leaching showed high mass removal of 1,3-diphenylguanidine (1,3-DPG, 34%) and hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM, 30%), both batch- and SSLP-leached concentrations of 1,3-DPG, HMMM and N1-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-N4-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine quinone (6PPD-Q) were below ECOSAR-predicted toxicity thresholds for fish and daphnids. SSLP highlighted differences in chemical leachability based on rubber content of pavement products and offers a method applicable to other scenarios, such as PFAS leaching from concrete/asphalt pavements. The SSLP was shown to approximate one-dimensional leaching from the surface of the pavement and to be dominated by diffusive processes, thus yielding a simple repeatable approach
Hybrid network governance:methodologies of studying online and offline networking in global climate education policy
No full textPolicy networks connect policy actors across spaces and organizations to advance policy agendas. While much is known about forms of network governance, there is still a lack of research to date on how networks work across online and offline spaces, and the ways that this hybridity of networking arrangements may be influencing policy agendas. In the field of climate communication and education, a range of actors are involved in the network governance of United Nations policy programs through both online and offline networks. In this paper, we examine policy actors’ online and offline hybrid network governance activity. We compare social network analysis of Twitter/X data with broader network ethnography analysis to consider how the focused inclusion of online spaces in network analysis can contribute to a different understanding of the role and functionality of actors in network governance. This paper highlights the value of integrating network ethnography and social network analysis to understand hybrid network governance and actor dynamics in global education policy.</p
Photographing Biblical Modernity:Frank Scholten in British Mandate Palestine
No full textPhotographing Biblical Modernity offers the first in-depth appraisal of the photographic archive of Frank Scholten (1881–1942), a queer Dutch photographer and Catholic convert whose work in Palestine between 1921 and 1923 provides a remarkable lens on the intersecting dynamics of modernity, religion, colonialism, and visual culture. Drawing on over 26,000 photographs, it situates Scholten’s work within transnational religious, colonial, and nationalist networks. Employing a relational methodology, Photographing Biblical Modernity treats photography not merely as visual documentation but as a site of layered cultural encounters shaped by the movements of people, ideas, and ideologies. It interrogates biblical visuality, the performance of indigeneity, intercommunal relations, and the gendered politics of labour and nationalism. Through interdisciplinary engagement with visual culture, Middle East studies, and gender theory, this book considers how Scholten’s positionality offers insights into both the granular details of Palestinian society and broader macro-historical shifts during a period of profound transition. Rather than framing Palestine as a biblical relic, Scholten’s photographs reveal a socially and politically complex society under early British Mandate rule. Ultimately, this book positions Scholten’s archive as a vital historical source for understanding the layered and contested narratives that have defined Palestine’s modern history.
