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Maximal and explosive strength normative data for handgrip test according to gender: international standardization approach /
No full textPurpose In daily living, hands are the basic organs for manipulative tasks of the human body, and they are specialized for various motor tasks with different physical object contact situations. Insufficient strength during aging constitutes a key component of sarcopenia and is associated with subsequent disability and mortality. The simplest and very valid test for assessing general strength is the handgrip test, and the need for international standards for grip strength seems very essential. The study aimed to set normative data for different handgrip strength dimensions in an international healthy adult community. Methods The maximal muscle force and maximal explosive muscle force for dominant and non-dominant hand were examined across 838 subjects from 11 countries. The result values were compared with the internationally published findings for external validation. Results The mean value for both hands maximal strength in an adult male was 997 ± 176 N for the absolute and 11.78 ± 1.95 N/kg for the relative measure; in females, the respective values equalled 550 ± 110 N and 8.49 ± 1.79 N/kg. The mean value for maximal explosive strength in an adult male was 6473 ± 1420 N/s for the absolute and 76.47 ± 16.22 N/s/kg for the relative measure; in adult females, the respective values equalled 3506 ± 915 N/s and 54.13 ± 14.38 N/s/kg. Conclusions The normative reference values provided in this study may serve as an international guide for interpreting maximal and explosive handgrip strength measurements obtained from healthy adult individuals of both genders
Соціальна відповідальність в об’єктах розміщення.
No full textRelevance. The first forms of tourism appeared already in Egypt, became popular in Ancient Greece and Rome. However, it went through a long period of formation until the end of the 19th century took its present form, and after the Second World War, it degenerated into a mass phenomenon. In the 21st century, tourism became an integral part of our leisure time (Baležentis and Žuromskaite, 2012). The tourism sector is identified as one of the largest and fastest-growing sectors in the world. Although tourism is currently one of the worst affected areas due to the pandemic, it has been observed that CSR activities gained momentum when company managers realised that they had to ensure that their immediate operating environment facilitated smooth business to achieve their profit-oriented goals (Idahosa, 2019). Tourism has great potential to affect the lives of local people and can have a positive and negative impact on the destination community (Su, Huang & Huang, 2018). We know that there are different views on corporate social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gradually become a concern for many businesses in the tourism industry, with more than 70% of articles on the topic published in the last five years. (Font & Lynes, 2018). are currently facing a major challenge in adopting responsible treatment of the community and the environment (Ţigu, Popescu & Hornoiu, 2016). Responsible tourism and corporate social responsibility (CSR) can play a significant role in the sustainable development of tourism. The international community and therefore institutions such as the European Union (EU) invite the tourism industry to implement CSRs as part of its business strategy and to offer responsible tourism products (Manente, Minghetti & Mingotto, 2012). Problem of research the question is what is the level of social responsibility in the tourism organization from the point of view of managers and employees and how to increase it. The aim – of the research is to propose a plan of measures to increase corporate social responsibility after establishing social responsibility in a tourism organization. Research tasks: define social responsibility and benefits in tourism organizations; to single out the criteria set for social responsibility in a tourism organization; identify social responsibility in the tourism organization and submit a plan of measures to increase corporate social responsibility after establishing social responsibility in a tourism organization. Research tasks: define social responsibility and benefits in tourism organizations; to single out the criteria set for social responsibility in a tourism organization; identify social responsibility in the tourism organization and submit a plan of measures to increase social responsibility. Research methods- analysis of scientific literature, questionnaire survey and analysis of the description of statistical data. Results. According to the criteria of social responsibility, the quality of services, consumer information, health and safety, and a high level of social responsibility in the environment have been established. The value of the study was the expression of social responsibility according to the criterion – the degree of coverage of social responsibility, which includes environmental, social and economic elements and the implementation of responsible business practices. The application of social responsibility practices in the activities of tourism organizations includes tangible indicators and enables the implementation of environmental, human safety standards or other standards or a green key program. The majority of respondents confirm that CSR covers all the above elements of coverage, and that organizations develop and maintain contact with the public / the client by publishing publicity on CSR indicators
How to HIIT while pregnant? The protocol characteristics and effects of high intensity interval training implemented during pregnancy : a systematic review /
No full textThere is strong scientific evidence that prenatal physical activity of moderate-to-high in-tensity is a prerequisite of the proper course of pregnancy, childbirth and fetus development. How-ever, to date little data have been available on high intensity interval training (HIIT) performed during pregnancy. Following the PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review aimed at: first, to characterize HIIT protocols used or planned to be implemented during pregnancy; second, to determine their training effects on participant’s health and obstetric outcomes. We included nine original works and three clinical trials in the analysis. The HIIT protocols substantially differed in terms of the training components (type, intensity, frequency, duration and progression) and the structure of intervals (intensity and time of workout and recovery intervals). Our most important finding is that performing HIIT during pregnancy is safe in terms of obstetric outcomes and well tolerated by pregnant participants, while providing them with the enjoyment of exercise. HIIT interventions either led to an improvement in selected maternal and fetal health parameters or had no impact. No adverse effects were observed. Pregnant women may benefit from HIIT programs in the same way as other populations. Evidence-based recommendations on prenatal HIIT should be developed and promoted worldwide among pregnant women, exercise and health professionals
Kineziterapijos vandenyje poveikis vaikų, sergančių cerebriniu paralyžiumi, motorinėms funkcijoms. Sisteminė apžvalga.
No full textBackground. Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common childhood disorders. Different treatment strategies are used to improve quality of life. Aim. To systematically review the recent articles and investigate the effects of aquatic therapy on motor functions in children with cerebral palsy. Methods. Studies between 2012–2022 were selected investigating the effects of aquatic therapy on motor functions in CP children. The databases Google Scholar, PubMed and PEDRO were used. Selection criteria included diagnosis as CP, use of aquatic intervention, participants aged until 18 years, use of validated outcome measure, published in English, and study design as a randomized control trial/pilot study/case study. Results. Out of 11 studies selected for this review, 6 of them were randomized control trials, 2 were quasi experimental studies, 2 were comparative studies and one was case series. Aquatic exercises, Halliwick concept, Watsu and water immersion therapy, swimming exercises were used as aquatic interventions in the studies. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was the most commonly used tool for recording motor functions. About 64% of studies showed that aquatic interventions can provide significantly beneficial effects on motor functions of children with CP when compared to conventional therapy or no intervention. Conclusions. Aquatic therapy provides beneficial effects on motor functions in children with cerebral palsy
Comparative short-term and long-term effects of neck massage and self-massage on tension type headache.
No full textBackground. Tension-type headache is a common complaint in modern society. Self-massage or massage can be prescribed to reduce it, but it is still unclear which of these techniques is more effective in reducing tension-type headaches. The aim of the study is to determine the short-term and long-term effects of neck massage and self-massage in tension-type headache. Methods. 30 people participated in the study, who were randomly divided into two groups: massage and self-massage, 15 people in each group. Outcome measures were subjects’ headache intensity, active head range of motion, fatigue, and functional and emotional disability index pre and post the nine-week interventions and long-term effect – one month after the interventions. Results. Both massage and self-massage after the 9-week interventions significantly reduced pain-related indicators. One month after the interventions, the headache intensity, fatigue, functional and emotional disability of subjects in the self-massage group were significantly (p < 0.05) lower, and the active amplitudes of neck movements were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the massage group. Conclusions. Both massage and self-massage significantly reduced subjects’ headaches, increased head range of motion, reduced fatigue, and functional and emotional disability. However, one month after the interventions, the long-lasting effect of self-massage was significantly superior to the massage group. Keywords: pain, functional disability, emotional disability, fatigue
Fan loyalty to their favorite basketball team brand image in Lithuanian basketball league.
No full textResearch objectives: 1. To identify and review concepts of brand image in professional team sports. 2. To identify fan loyalty to their favorite team brand image. 3. To identify if there are differences in fan loyalty depending on age and gender. During research quantitative method was used. To determine inner consistencies within fan loyalty to their team brand questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated (transformational Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.878 to 0.950). Assessing fan loyalty to their favorite team brand image in Lithuanian Basketball League (LKL), it was found that after seeing or hearing information about favorite team's brand elements fans associate them fairly with the team they support (BV = 3.5 points), consider the brand elements exclusive and unique (BV = 3.8 points) also evaluate brand elements positively (BV = 4.0 points). Basketball fans also show a strong connection with the favorite team (BV = 3.9 points). No significant differences were found in the comparisons of results across age groups. Older fans, like younger ones, support their favorite team brand and show a strong connection to their team. The results indicated that men and women associate team brand elements with their favorite team equally (3.8 and 3.8 points, respectively). Evenly believe that the supported team brand elements are exclusive and unique (3.8 and 3.8 points, respectively) and positively evaluated the elements of favorite team brand (4.0 and 4.0 points respectively). Both genders show a strong relationship with the supported team (BV = 3.9, and BV = 3.8, respectively). Hypothesis H1 was rejected, older fans do not show greater loyalty to the team than other age groups. Hypothesis H2 was rejected because it was found that there were no differences in support between men and women
Physical fitness assessment in wheelchair basketball: A mini-review /
No full textWheelchair basketball (WB) is a Paralympic sport ideated for people with motor disabilities, and the research on this topic still requires attention. It is fundamental to evaluate physical fitness characteristics with appropriate tests and standardized routines to plan and monitor the training. Considering that a standard operating procedure is a document that makes the test battery replicable, the objective of the present study was to review the literature on physical fitness assessment in WB players and to create a standard operating procedure
Muscle oxigenation during different intensity and duration of time training sessions in world-class kayak rowers /
No full textINTRODUCTION: Aerobic metabolism processes in muscles play essential role in 1000 m. distance for kayak rowers’ work. Interval training method is used as one of the means of training methods, applied for kayak rowers training. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore an effect of different intensity and duration of time training workouts for world-class kayak rowers’ (500 and 1000 m.) muscle oxygenation. METHODS: Case study was carried out during preparatory cycle in 1919-2020. Two world-class kayak rowers participated in this study (K2). Muscle oxygenation was measured using MOXY Oxygen Monitor device while athletes worked on kayak ergometer DANSPRINT. Sensors were fixed on athletes’ Quadriceps and Pectoralis Major Muscles. After 30 warming up, there were two different interval-training sessions. The first – athletes repeated 6 min duration work 6 times, which was followed by 6 min sitting at rest. During 6 min workout athletes worked 60 s - 220 W (at anaerobic threshold limit) and 60 s – 60 W. The second session – athletes also repeated 6 min duration work 6 times, which was followed by 6 min sitting at rest. However, during 6 min workout athletes worked 10 s - 320 W (at critical intensity limit) and 30 s – 60 W. RESULTS: Muscles deoxygenation processes were better visible in Quadriceps muscles than in Pectoralis Major Muscles. Oxygen consumption during 6 min session (60 s - 220 W and 60 s – 60 W) changed by more than during 6 min session (60 s - 320 W and 30 s – 60 W). However, amount of oxygen equally returned to baseline level during 6 min rest after different 6 min sessions. Heart rate during 6 min different intensity and duration of time training workout reached ventilation anaerobic threshold. During 60 s rest after 60 s - 220 W work HR decreased until 120-130 b/min, while during 30 s rest after 60 s - 320 W workout decrease significant more. Lactate concentration show little activity of glycolytic reactions and was without differences in both different training sessions (3.5-4.5 mml/l). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that during different intensity and duration of time training workouts did not provoke different scale of muscle oxygenation in world-class kayak rowers’. Though during second training session athletes reached capacity that achieves through competitions, glycolytic reactions was active without significant differences comparing to the first training session. We can assume that for enhancing aerobic metabolism is suitable to use workout at anaerobic threshold limit
Benefits of support groups for patients living with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis /
No full textBackground: Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) experience anxiety, depression and reduced quality of life (QoL). Objectives: This mixed-methods systematic review evaluates whether ICD support groups have a beneficial effect on mental well-being. Methods: Literature searches were carried out in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Eligible studies investigated patient-led support groups for ICD patients aged 18 years or older, using any quantitative or qualitative design. The Mixed-Methods Assessment Tool was used to assess quality. Meta-analysis of measures of mental well-being was conducted. Thematic synthesis was used to generate analytic themes from the qualitative data. The data were integrated and presented using the Pillar Integration Process. Results: Ten studies were included in this review. All studies bar one were non-randomised or had a qualitative design and patients had self-selected to attend a support group. Five contributed to the quantitative data synthesis and seven to the qualitative synthesis. Meta-analysis of anxiety and QoL measures showed no significant impact of support groups on mental well-being, but qualitative data showed that patients perceived benefit from attendance through sharing experiences and acceptance of life with an ICD. Discussion: ICD support group attendance improved the patients' perceived well-being. Attendees value the opportunity to share their experiences which helps to accept their new life with an ICD. Future research could consider outcomes such as patient acceptance and the role of healthcare professionals at support groups
Study of leisure time physical activity of the Lithuanian adult population.
No full textResearch has shown the benefits of individual or organized physical activity (PA) in maintaining the physical health and employability of people of all ages, strengthening mental health and, in older people, cognitive functions in maintaining social activity. It is estimated that a risky lifestyle accounts for about 60 percent chronic diseases. Targeted and systematic lifestyle monitoring, analysis of data on risk factors and prevalence of health-promoting habits are important for the availability of effective health care services and effective behavioral change. The WHO has recommended the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) and the assessment Guide (Guidelines), (Bull, Maslin, Armstrong, 2009; Milton, Bull, Bauman, 2011; PSO, 2010b) for the study of physical activity in large populations in various countries. In Lithuania, research on adult lifestyle and PA, representing the national level as an integral part of biomedical and sociological research, has been carried out since 1994. Most of the research analyzed the general PA of the Lithuanian population (at work, in leisure time, overcoming distances on foot or by bicycle) and little research was done on a separate part of it – PA in leisure time. The aim of the study was to determine the leisure time physical activity of the Lithuanian adult population. Research tasks: 1. To determine the physical activity of the Lithuanian adult population in their leisure time. 2. To evaluate the physical activity of the adult population of Lithuania in terms of leisure intensity and age. 3. To evaluate the physical activity of the adult population of Lithuania in the sociodemographic aspect of leisure (education, employment, places of residence). Research methods: review of scientific literature; a survey using the leisure physical activity part of the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire). Research results: 1. 31 percent of men and 39 percent of women are active in their leisure time. Highintensity leisure-time physical activity is significantly more common among men than women, and gender differences in moderate-intensity leisure time physical activity are insignificant. 2. Aging in men and women results in a statistically significant decrease in highintensity physical activity and an increase in moderate-intensity physical activity. In the group of 65–75-year-old men and women, the duration of high-intensity leisure time physical activity converges, whereas in the other age groups, men spend significantly more time in high-intensity physical activity compared with women. No significant gender difference was found in moderateintensity leisure-time physical activity duration. 3. The duration of physical activity in leisure time does not depend on the place of residence (city, village). Primary school children engage in less intensive physical activity in their free time than children with a higher level of education. A statistically significant difference in high-intensity physical activity between men and women was found between a pensioner and a white-collar worker, and between a pensioner and a schoolchild. Women spend more time in moderate-intensity physical activity during leisure time than men. Statistically significant differences between a pensioner and an employee, between a pensioner and a student, and between an employee and a worker were found between men and women