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ACTIVE PREGNANCY: workshop on promotion of physical activity in pregnancy for exercise professionals /
No full textIntroduction: A one-day workshop on promotion of physical activity in pregnancy for exercise professionals was delivered during 2021, to 137 participants. The main aim of this workshop was to motivate and prepare exercise professionals for promoting physical activity and implementing prenatal exercise programs, in their respective private or public fitness centers or other physical activity settings. Methods: The contents of the workshop were focused on six topics based on the “Pregnancy and Postpartum Exercise Specialist” educational standards by EuropeActive and the “Exercise and Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Postpartum” textbook published by Springer. Participants provided feedback on the effectiveness and satisfaction with the workshop. Results: Overall evaluations from the feedback forms showed that majority of the participants agreed that the workshop achieved its objectives with a major recommendation as to the organization of more short duration workshops, the inclusion of practical sessions, and the separation of the contents addressing the postpartum period. Discussion: The workshop on promotion of physical activity in pregnancy for exercise professionals was successfully organized and the participants are looking forward for future ones
Does aerobic exercise facilitate vaping and smoking cessation: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis /
No full textCigarette smokers try to quit using several strategies including electronic cigarette use (vaping). An alternative, easy and cheap method is exercise. However, little is known about the efficacy of aerobic exercise (AE) to augment smoking and vaping cessation. This study aimed to systematically review and discuss the reported effects of AE on long-term vaping and smoking cessation in randomized control trials (RCTs). RCTs were searched on different databases. The outcome measures included long-term vaping or smoking cessation and maximal or peak oxygen uptake (VO2max/peak) after vaping- or smoking cessation. Meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effects of AE on long-term vaping and smoking cessation, and the effects of AE on VO2max/peak. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2 was used to assess trials quality. Thirteen trials were included (5 high, 2 moderate and 6 low quality). Although two high quality trials revealed that 3 vigorous supervised AE sessions a week for 12 to 15 weeks increased the number of long-term successful quitters, the meta-analysis including the other trials showed that AE did not significantly increase success rate of long-term quitters. However, VO2max/peak was improved at the end of treatment. There were no trials on AE and vaping cessation. No evidence was found that AE promotes long-term smoking cessation. Nevertheless, AE improved VO2max and/or VO2peak in quitters
Correlation of indicators regarding problematic internet use, physical activity, and psychological health of high school students.
No full textWith the rise of Internet use and availability, the extent of problematic Internet use (PIU) among high school students is also increasing. The prevention and treatment of this disorder are not clear and raise many questions. The results of studies conducted in other countries show that physical activity (PA) can reduce the prevalence of PIU among adolescents and influence their mental health. The pilot study described in this paper evaluated relationships between PIU, PA, sedentary time (ST) and psychological distress (PD) among Lithuanian high school students. The question arises – what are the correlations between problematic Internet use, physical activity, and psychological health among high school students? The object of work – the relationships between problematic Internet use, physical activity, sedentary time, and psychological distress mong students in the 9th-12th grade of two Lithuanian high schools. The aim of the work – is to assess the correlations between problematic Internet use, physical activity, sedentary time, and psychological distress indicators among 9th-12th grade students. The goals: 1. To estimate levels of problematic Internet use, psychological distress, physical ctivity, and sedentary time difference between genders and all age groups of high school students. 2. To assess the correlation between problematic Internet use, psychological distress and physical activity among high school students. 3. To evaluate correlation between problematic Internet use, sedentary time and psychological distress. Conclusions: 1. Girls are less physically active, spend more time sitting, and experience more psychological distress compared to boys. Internet use does not differ between genders. Age is not associated with problematic Internet use, psychological distress, physical activity, and sedentary time.2. Only a third of the high school students reached the recommended by World Health Organization level of physical activity. Time spent sitting per day averaged from 7.5 to 8.5 hours for boys and girls. The more physically active students engaged in less problematic Internet use and had lower psychological distress while the more sedentary students exhibited more problematic Internet use and had higher psychological distress. 3. Almost half of the students who were recognized as having highly problematic Internet use also expressed a high level of psychological distress
Polygenic models partially predict muscle size and strength but not low muscle mass in older women /
No full textBackground: Heritability explains 45-82% of muscle mass and strength variation, yet polygenic models for muscle phenotypes in older women are scarce. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to (1) assess if total genotype predisposition score (GPSTOTAL) for a set of polymorphisms differed between older women with low and high muscle mass, and (2) utilise a data-driven GPS (GPSDD) to predict the variance in muscle size and strength-related phenotypes. Methods: In three-hundred 60- to 91-year-old Caucasian women (70.7 ± 5.7 years), skeletal muscle mass, biceps brachii thickness, vastus lateralis anatomical cross-sectional area (VLACSA), hand grip strength (HGS), and elbow flexion (MVCEF) and knee extension (MVCKE) maximum voluntary contraction were measured. Participants were classified as having low muscle mass if the skeletal muscle index (SMI) < 6.76 kg/m2 or relative skeletal muscle mass (%SMMr) < 22.1%. Genotyping was completed for 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). GPSTOTAL was calculated from 23 SNPs and compared between the low and high muscle mass groups. A GPSDD was performed to identify the association of SNPs with other skeletal muscle phenotypes. Results: There was no significant difference in GPSTOTAL between low and high muscle mass groups, irrespective of classification based on SMI or %SMMr. The GPSDD model, using 23 selected SNPs, revealed that 13 SNPs were associated with at least one skeletal muscle phenotype: HIF1A rs11549465 was associated with four phenotypes and, in descending number of phenotype associations, ACE rs4341 with three; PTK2 rs7460 and CNTFR rs2070802 with two; and MTHFR rs17421511, ACVR1B rs10783485, CNTF rs1800169, MTHFR rs1801131, MTHFR rs1537516, TRHR rs7832552, MSTN rs1805086, COL1A1 rs1800012, and FTO rs9939609 with one phenotype. The GPSDD with age included as a predictor variable explained 1.7% variance of biceps brachii thickness, 12.5% of VLACSA, 19.0% of HGS, 8.2% of MVCEF, and 9.6% of MVCKE. Conclusions: In older women, GPSTOTAL did not differ between low and high muscle mass groups. However, GPSDD was associated with muscle size and strength phenotypes. Further advancement of polygenic models to understand skeletal muscle function during ageing might become useful in targeting interventions towards older adults most likely to lose physical independence
Short and long-term effects of mobilization with movement and eccentric overload to hand pain and function in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.
No full textAim. To determine and compare short and long-term effects of mobilization with movement and eccentric overload to hand pain and function in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Problem of research & hypothesis. The eccentric overload exercises are one of the best methods in tendinopathy treatment. Mobilization with movement is largely used as an effective treatment method for lateral epicondylitis. Only the short-term effects of these methods in lateral epicondylitis are often evaluated, but no studies were found to use these methods in combination and to evaluate their long-term effects. Methods. The study included individuals (n=30) aged 30–54 years who had been diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis. Subjects were tested by assessing their perceived pain using the visual analogue scale (VAS); handgrip strength was assessed by a dynamometer. The QuickDASH questionnaire was used to assess hand function and perceived disability. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: mobilization with movement group (n=10), eccentric overload group (n=10), and combined group (combined mobilization with movement and eccentric overload exercises) (n=10). All subjects got 10 physiotherapy procedures, short-term effect evaluated after 10 procedures of physiotherapy, long-term effect evaluated after 2, 6 and 12 weeks post treatment course. Results. Study results revealed that all treatment methods had a significant (p<0.05) effect on pain reduction, increase in handgrip strength as well as improvement in hand function and disability. In follow-up assessments at 2, 6 and 12 weeks after the treatment, the most altered indicators of pain intensity, pain-free handgrip strength and hand function were seen in the mobilization with movement group. Conclusions. An application of mobilization with movement in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis had the greatest positive effect on pain intensity, maximum handgrip strength and hand function and disability compared to mobilization with movement combined with eccentric overload and eccentric overload exercises alone. Keywords: lateral epicondylitis, mobilization with movement, eccentric overload, pain intensity, hand pain-free grip strength
Physical literacy of physical education teachers and the application of its components during physical education lessons.
No full textPhysical education lessons focus on the physical elements rather than the full development of the student’s movement and understanding of the movement. The concept of physical literacy provides a framework for practicing a healthy lifestyle throughout life, and teachers play a key role in developing and promoting physical literacy. The aim of the research was to determine the physical literacy of physical education teachers, their understanding of the elements of physical literacy and their application during lessons. Hypothesis - physical education teachers have little knowledge of the concept of physical literacy and incompletely educate components of physical literacy in their classes. Methods - questionnaire survey to determine physical literacy score and statistical analysis, observation of physical education lessons, group interview/discussion. Results and conclusions - the physical literacy score of physical education teacher’s depends most on their BMI and the classes of students taught, physical education lessons include the education of some (motivation and competence), but not all, components of physical literacy and the discussion among physical education professionals has shown that few teachers are able to define the concept of physical literacy fluently, although they have a good understanding of its individual components. The importance of physical education teacher competencies was commonly recognized as one of the essential subjects for students' motivation and their attitude to physical activity
Physical Activity Para Report Card of children and adolescents living with disabilities in Lithuania /
No full textCan the vertical jump test help determine the results of high jumpers?
No full textThe vertical jump test is an effective tool for determining an athlete’s performance and strength. It is therefore widely used to monitor nerve and muscle functions, sports activities and workout load. The power and strength of the leg muscles are the most important components that contribute to a successful jump. Aim of this work is to determine which vertical jump test provides more information for prediction of high jump height. The problem of the research is that the test indicators of vertical jumps of high jumpers performed with one or two legs and their relation to the results of high jumpers and their prediction is not widely quantified in the scientific literature. Research hypothesis - the vertical jump test with one leg provides more information to predict the results of high jumpers than the vertical jump test with two legs. Tasks of the work: 1) to determine the differences in kinematic and dynamic indicators of vertical jump tests with one and two legs; 2) to determine the relationship between the kinematic and dynamic indicators of vertical jumps with one and two legs and the result of the high jump; 3) to create regression equations for predicting the result of the high jump. The following methods: the high jumpers performed 3 maximum effort numerical jumps with two legs (CM) and 3 maximum effort jumps with the subjects' resistive leg jumping high (CM1leg). The jumps were performed on a 3D force platform system PODIUM (BTS Bioengineering, Italy) using the Smart-Performance program. In the course of the study, the support reaction force sequences were loaded into Microsoft Office Excel. Mathematical statistics were performed using the IBM SPSS software package (Version 28.0.1.0 (142), Statsoft, Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA) using nonparametric statistical tests. Regression analysis was then applied to determine regression coefficients. Results and conclusion: based on the scientific results of the study, it can be stated that the vertical jump test with one leg can give more information about the performance of high jump and the possible results than the vertical jump test with two legs, but the regression models obtained by this study are not reliable enough and due to this reason they are unreliable for high jump result prediction
Placebo effect in women's training with resistance.
No full textOften, due to a lack of knowledge or subjective beliefs, women who exercise with resistance feel unable to lift heavy weights, are afraid, and do not even try to do exercises with a ‘to do exercises near to their potential limit’. It is important to follow the rule of progressive overload for the muscles to grow – to use such resistance, which increases with time and training experience. Therefore, two important aspects of hypertrophy need to be noted: the perception of effort (how close we are to not being able to carry more load) and the intensity of the load (how much weight of the tool that is being used for training). The aim of the research: is to determine whether there is a positive effect of placebo in resistance training in women. Exercises involving the entire body muscles will be performed on: chest press machine, vertical/lat pulldown machine and on leg press machine. After the first meeting, the ability of the subjects to perform the exercises was assessed. During the second meeting, the intensity of 80% of the exercises performed from 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) will be tested. The weight of the exercises performed during the third meeting will be increased to 85% from 1 RM without the subject's knowledge, and the subject will be informed that the exercises are performed with the same resistance that was used during the second meeting. Hypothesis of research: it is likely that subjects will not experience a change in weight if it is stated that it is the same lifting weight that was used at the previous meeting. In other words, a positive effect of placebo will be demonstrated. Research tasks: 1. To determine how women’s strength results change during exercises with resistance for the main muscle groups, when the intensity of resistance is increased without revealing it to the women under the study (using placebo); 2. To determine how strength results relate using such a placebo “cheating” method to women’s perceived effort. Conclusions: There was a positive effect of placebo in training with resistance among women. All women did not feel an increase in the intensity of their latent resistance load and performed the same or greater number of repetitions as in the exercises indicated a week ago with a known submaximal intensity. In two exercises (leg press and pulldown machines), this improvement was statistically significant.
Due to lack of knowledge or subjective beliefs, women who exercise with resistance are often afraid and do not even try to do exercises with heavy weight that they can overcome. Muscle strengthening and hypertrophy must follow the progressive overload rule - use such resistance, which increases with time and training experience. Perception of efforts (how close we are to no longer being able to carry exercise) and load intensity (how heavy weight of the tool in exercise) are important components of training in the development of muscle hypertrophy. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a positive effect of placebo on training with resistance among women who regularly attend sports clubs. The study involves exercises that cover the major muscle groups in the body (machine bench press, vertical pulldown, and leg press). By indirectly estimating the womens' maximum single repetition (1RM) in all exercises, the women had to perform as many repetitions with “the same” weight as possible in subsequent meetings. During the first test, they loaded with 80% of the RM, and a week later during the second test, with 85% of the RM. Women were not informed of a 5% increase in exercise intensity. Perceived magnitude of load effort was also assessed using the RPE scale in both tests. Changes in women body composition were observed throughout the study. Among women, a positive effect of placebo on training with resistance has been found. Women in the study did not feel an increase in the intensity of hidden from them resistance load and caried out a higher number of repetitions with less perceived effort. In two exercises (leg press and vertical pulldown), this improvement was statistically significant. Changes in body composition are not responsible for improving results
The relationships between psychological well-being, emotions and coping in covid-19 environment: the gender aspect for postgraduate students /
No full textBackground: Postgraduate students were exposed to the Coronavirus pandemic, and their study process changed from face-to-face to online. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of gender differences on emotions, coping strategies and psychological well-being (PWB) in the environment of the Coronavirus pandemic second wave (11 July 2020–30 June 2021). Methods: Ryff scale, MEQ Multidimensional emotion questionnaire, and brief COPE scale. The participants’ consisted of postgraduate students (74 female and 54 male). The study was conducted from 21 June 2022 to 28 June 2022. Results: Postgraduate students rated their PWB levels insignificantly in terms of gender. However, the individual components of this construct were evaluated as being significantly different in terms of gender. Females were more likely to feel negative emotions and had a harder time regulating these emotions than males. Female students were less likely than males to use problem-focused and avoidant-focused coping strategies. Conclusions: Postgraduate females were more affected than males by the Coronavirus pandemic. Females’ PWB was more concerned with emotions than males. Females were less likely than males to use problem-focused coping strategies