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Covid-19 ekonominio poveikio sportui vertinimas - Šiaurės Indijos valstijų atvejis.
No full textLike any other industry, the sports industry has not been spared from the negative impacts of COVID-19. Since the sports industry requires the physical presence of its stakeholders, it has taken the hit of COVID-19 even harder as compared to many other sectors that can work from home. The economic toll on sports has been huge, including the sports clubs. The sports club contributes 15% of the total revenue of the sports industry globally. In North India alone, the market for sports was found to be INR 95.3 billion. These statistics make it important to assess the economic impact of COVID-19 on North Indian sports clubs. Aim of the Research “To assess the economic impact of Covid 19 on sport in North Indian states” Objectives 1. To analyze the theoretical background of the economic impact of COVID 19 on the Indian sports industry 2. To assess the perception of stakeholders (coaches and managers) on the economic impact of COVID-19 on sports clubs in North India 3. To assess the economic impact of COVID-19 on the financial performance of the club Research Methodology The deductive approach has been adopted while descriptive and explanatory research has been used. Primary data has been collected using a survey. Both descriptive and inferential analysis has been conducted. SPSS 23.0 statistical software has been used. Results The research found, as per the perception of the stakeholders including coaches and managers, challenges of training the athletes owing to imposed restrictions of COVID-19 to be the biggest economic impact of COVID-19 on sports clubs in North India. Also, a significant impact of COVID-19 was found to exist on the financial performance of the sports club
Ar kvėpuojamųjų raumenų adaptyvus prisitaikymas chroniniam fiziniam krūviui, koreliuoja su apatinių galūnių raumenų morfologiniais ir fiziniais pasikeitimais. Palyginimas tarp krepšininkų ir dviratininkų.
No full textRepeated exposure to specific exercise training can alter the structure of the muscles leading to specific functional adaptations. The main goal of the study was to investigate whether different types of chronic training, can induce not only specific adaptations in the lower limb but in the structural and functional characteristics of the respiratory muscles also. Thirty-two male athletes [cyclists (CYC) n=16, and basketball players (BP) n=16] participated in the study. First, anthropometric parameters were measured, followed by musculoskeletal ultrasound images of specific muscles including vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius medialis/lateralis (GM/GL), and diaphragm. Then participants underwent maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) and completed a respiratory muscle functions assessment, which included maximum inspiratory/expiratory tests (MIP/MEP) and spirometry. BP compared to CYC displayed significantly greater diaphragm, GM, and GL muscle thickness (MT) (p<0.05), and fascicle length (FL) of GM and GL. In addition, BP showed a greater peak torque (PT) and rate torque development (RTD) in plantar flexors, and a rate of inspiratory/expiratory pressure development (RIPD/REPD) (p<0.05). Overall, the present study confirms that differences in the muscle-tendon structure of lower limbs in experienced athletes involved in specific exercises exist. Even more, this type of study is reported for the first time, where we observe not only differences in lung capacity but also in respiratory muscle morphology. In addition, the present findings exceed our expectations and demonstrate how chronic exercise can influence not only the primary muscles directly involved in the exercise but accessory ones such as the respiratory muscles also
The impact of strategic leadership practices and knowledge sharing on employee’s performance /
No full textThe purpose of this research is to look into strategic leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and charismatic) in terms of different leadership styles and see how they affect employee performance along with mediation effect of knowledge sharing in municipality of Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Ajman. A good leader motivates employees, and motivated employees not only improve their job performance and commitment within the organisation, but also go above and beyond the job requirements, boosting the organization's overall performance and profitability. Three key independent variables: transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and charismatic leadership, as well as a dependent variable: employee performance, were constructed in a theoretical framework. This study employed quantitative research. A 5-point Likert Scale scored a structured survey questionnaire. Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Ajman municipal employees provided the data. Survey participants numbered 335. This study analyzed data with Smart-PLS. Structural equation modeling tested path analysis and assumptions. The study found that strategic leadership styles affect employee performance through information sharing. The study found that strategic municipal leaders can drastically improve staff performance. Although some researchers have concluded that transactional and charismatic leadership alone may not be the best in all situations, a blend of all three leadership styles—transactional, charismatic, and transformational—would yield better results. Transformational leadership was the best strategic leadership style. Further research was recommended to discover municipal employee performance factors
Assessment of functional indexes in children with retarded speech development and their associations.
No full textBackground. Motor skills are key factors in children’s play and interaction with others and influence their subsequent social environment with their peers. Poor or atypical motor development may be an important contributing factor to the problems in language, social communication and understanding, and social interaction that characterise some neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim. To assess the functional indexes in children with the retarded speech development and their associations. Methods. 30 children (4 to 6 years old) with retarded speech development. To assess the functional indicators of children with language delay, using the follo-wing testing instruments: gross motor skills were assessed with the TGMD-2 test, balance with the modified Berg scale and the “up and go” test; the coordination test consists of samples which do not require any coordination of balance(according to Schmitz 1988); and fine motor skills were assessed with a standardised test based on the methodology of the Oseretsky test. Results. Children with retarded speech development have difficulty in perfor-ming a jump with one foot, a jump with a big step or knocking around a ball. The assessment of the object control abilities was lower than that of locomotor abilities. Younger children with retarded speech suffered from worse static and dynamic balance and coordination. Significant fine motor impairment was found in more than a tenth of children with delayed language development. Conclusions. The gross motor functions in children with retarded speech makes a significant impact on the locomotor and object control abilities. Dynamic balance is related to static balance and coordination which does not require any balance, and the fine motor functions affect the object control abilities
The impact of quality of C2C online store on consumer satisfaction: an empirical study in Lithuania /
No full textThanks to constantly improving software packages, apps, and technologies themselves, creating and improving websites has become much easier. Excess or lack of information, inappropriate layout of website management, inefficiency of additional functions, excess of visual material - these are the problems faced by website users. These problems are usually not of a technological nature, so the change in technology will not determine what the user wants and what problems he faces. However, studies have ignored the fact that the type of business can affect decision outcomes (i.e., website evaluation) may also influence the perceived satisfaction and trust. This article examines consumer satisfaction and trust with services provided by the C2C websites. This study first proposes an analytical model that contains website quality indicators of consumer satisfaction and trust. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are generated on the basis of the findings and analysis. The results showed a positive effect of website quality on consumer trust and satisfaction, which was partially mediated through consumer trust. Moreover, consumer trust had a positive association with all website quality indicators and satisfaction. The C2C website business should understand the consumer’s website quality expectations with respect to online shopping, to attract new consumers and to retain their existing consumers
The effect of sports activities on the self-esteem of socially excluded men /
No full text Background. Self-esteem is one characteristic of personality, a construct of self-confidence, self-respect, and harmonious interaction with oneself (Breslin, Leavey, 2019). Research devoted to the analysis of men's self-esteem reveals that a positive self-evaluation of men requires an image of a physically active man, which the man could compare with other men who demonstrate physical strength (Conzelmann, Schmidt, 2019). A man's physical self-perception is part of the assessment of a physically healthy and strong person and an aspect that ensures his sociality (Crawford, 2017). Scientific research establishes clear links between a man's physical attractiveness (Anderson-Butcher, 2019), sociability and self-esteem (Anderson, White, 2017). Men who systematically engage in active physical activity are physically healthier and more attractive (Burrmann, 2018). They are also emotionally more stable, their emotional self-control is more focused and their self-confidence is higher (El Ghali, 2018). Aim of the research. To reveal the effect of sports activities on the self-esteem of men experiencing social exclusion. Methods. To determine men's self-esteem changes The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was chosen, and the Data were processed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), version 22.0. Results. A study in which men experiencing social exclusion participated in independent and team sports activities for half a year revealed a positive change in their self-esteem. When analyzing the changes in men's self-esteem before and after the activities, the distance between the estimates of the Rosenberg test before the experiment and 6 months after it ended is 1 standard deviation on the z-scale of the standard normal distribution. According to Cohen's concept of effective size, such a difference between standardized means can be considered as large. Despite the relatively small sample (N=30), the test met the very strict condition of statistical reliability (p≤0.001). Conclusion. The study revealed that when socially excluded men were included in sports activities held for half a year, their self-esteem changed from 15 points (low self-esteem) to 25-30 points (high self-esteem). Keywords: social exclusion, self-esteem, sports activities
Muscle oxygenation during the maximum aerobic metabolism workouts in world class kayakers: a case study /
No full textINTRODUCTION: In 1000-meter sprint kayaking events some muscle energy is generated through aerobic reactions and the other part of the energy comes from anaerobic reactions. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is one of the most informative methods for the analysis of aerobic metabolism in muscles. Although some researchers have analyzed the muscle oxygenation in different age kayakers by the NIRS method, there is little research evidence about the muscle oxygenation in world-class kayakers getting ready for 1000-meter sprint events. The aim of this research work is to investigate muscle oxygenation of the world-class kayaker during workouts with different intensity efforts. METHODS: A single case study was conducted with the kayaker who is the winner of Europe and World championships and who was the fifth at the Olympic Games. Athlete’s data: height 184.5 cm, weight 89.4 kg, lean body mass 50,2 kg, vital capacity 7.7 l, grip strength 74 kg, VO2 max 5.24 l/min, maximum aerobic power on kayak ergometer 340 W, with VO2 at the anaerobic threshold of 3,90 l/min, capacity 220 W. NIRS monitors were fixed on the following muscles: Lateralis Dorsi (LD), Pectorlis Major (PM) and Vastus Lateralis (VL). The athlete performed two special workouts with explosive and high-intensity efforts. One workout was used to determine the VO2 max using a kayak ergometer. The other workout was rowing in water in a 1000-meter race (average 310 W, 3 min 38 sec.). RESULTS: The VO2 max test revealed different oxygenation processes. Oxygen saturation reduced the most in VL muscle, whereas in LD and PM muscles the SmO2 dropped down to 20–30 %. During the racing workout, the SmO2 gradually reduced and reached the 0–10 % limit at the end of the distance. The heart rate was 184 bpm during both workouts. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that aerobic processes were very intensive in all world-class kayaker’s muscles during both workouts involving high-intensity efforts. The greatest oxygenation changes were observed in VL muscle. These findings prompt the need for further research into aerobic metabolism in the muscles of world-class athletes
Changes in cargo transport in the European Union in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic /
No full textA major shift has been observed recently in the transport industry due in no small part to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper was to determine the changes that occurred on the cargo transport market during that period. In order to examine these changes, an analysis of which mode of transport was most popular in the European Union during 2019-2021 was conducted. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of secondary data which demonstrated whether the proportions of specific modes of transport in the overall volume of cargo shipments were similar before the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic and during the time when the pandemic unfolded was carried out. The results of the study confirmed the prevalence of road transport, and the market position of that mode of transport was further strengthened during the pandemic. The review further covered the shifts in the proportions of the specific modes of transport in the EU member states during the study period. The review established that these shifts were comparable across all the member states, even though the most dramatic change occurred with regard to road transport. Finally, a linear regression model was developed to investigate whether a linear relationship exists between the volume of cargo shipments undertaken by means of road transport and the external and internal factors defined in the literature on the subject as having had the greatest impact on the transport services market
Relationships between high school students' health literacy, lifestyle, and school's attention to the basic of healthy lifestyle.
No full textThe problem. Health literacy determines educational outcomes (Paakkari et al., 2019), prevalence of bad habits (Fleary et. al., 2018), physical activity, nutrition (Ayaz‐Alkaya, & Kulakçı‐Altıntaş, 2021). It is related to educational indicators and socio-economic background (e.g. family income, parental education, occupation) (Santha et al., 2020). Therefore, increasing the health literacy of schoolchildren is important for the well-being of the community and the state, and the education sector is the most important basis for the development of health literacy and learning at the beginning of life (WHO, 2016). Unfortunately, only a few school programs are dedicated to health literacy (Okan, & World Health Organization, 2019), and only a few health literacy studies have been conducted in Lithuania (Sukys et al., 2019), none of the studies that would cover all high school classes. The purpose of the study is to reveal the relationships between health literacy, lifestyle and the school's attention to the basics of lifestyle of 1st-4th gymnasium classes students. Research objectives: 1. To determine the general and digital health literacy of high school students. 2. To evaluate the correlations of socio-demographic factors and the attention paid to lifestyle at school with the health literacy of high school students. 3. To determine the lifestyle characteristics of high school students. 4. To assess the links between health literacy and lifestyle of high school students. Research methods: The research used the written survey method. A health literacy and lifestyle questionnaire was compiled, and 876 students studying in the 1st - 4th gymnasium classes were interviewed. Summarizing conclusion: The health literacy of the most students in I-IV gymnasium classes is sufficient or excellent, boys are higher than girls, and it does not differ significantly by class. Male gender and a higher level of family wealth are significantly associated with the general health literacy, whereas only gender is significantly related to digital health literacy. According to the students, the least attention is paid at school to eating habits, and too much to smoking prevention. More than two thirds of high school students rated their health as good or very good. Boys rated her better than girls. Only 5.8 percent were sufficiently physically active of high school students, every second person consumed alcohol and tried smoking at least once, the prevalence of alcohol and smoking is higher among students in higher grades, and the frequency of smoking is higher among boys. General health literacy is positively associated with better self-rated health, physical activity, lower lifetime smoking, and lower lifetime and past 30-day alcohol consumption. Digital health literacy positively predicts subjective health assessment, physical activity, and lifetime alcohol consumption
Barriers to physical activity and exercise amongst persons with physical disability.
No full textProblem of research: few working-age disabled people are physically active due to barriers to physical activity. The aim of the research: identify and evaluate the main barriers to participation in physical activity by people with mobility disabilities. Research tasks: 1. To assess the physical activity of people with physical disabilities. 2. Identify the barriers of people with physical disabilities that prevent them from participating in physical activities. 3. To analyze the links between physical activity and barriers to physical activity. 4. To assess the essential differences in physical activity and barriers to participation in physical activity in terms of gender. Hypothesis: people with physical disabilities are characterized by lower physical activity, because they experience more organizational obstacles in participating in physical activities. In addition, women with physical disabilities have lower levels of physical activity and experience more barriers to participating in physical activities. Research method: 1. Analysis of scientific literature. 2. Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities - PASIPD (Washburn, Zhu, McAuley, Frogley, Figoni, 2002)). 3. Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments - BPAQ-MI (Úbeda-Colomer, Peiró-Velert, Devís-Devís, 2019)). 4. Mathematical statistical analysis was applied to the analysis of the obtained research results. Main results: 92.6% of subjects have very low FA; women spend more time on light housework than men (U = 214.5; p = 0.009); barriers to FA: fatigue, motivation, inadequate facilities, lack of sports activities/programs, inadequate sidewalks/streets. Women lack support from sports center staff ((χ² = 3) 13.671; p = 0.003) and adapted transport ((χ² = 3) 10.587; p = 0.014) more than men. There was no difference between genders in FA and the association between barriers, and an inverse correlation between FA and social connectedness was found in the total sample (p < 0.05). Conclusion: 1. Physical activity of persons with physical disabilities is very low. Only 7.4 percent subjects participating in the study were physically active. 2. Persons with physical disabilities stated that their participation in physical activity is most hindered by: fatigue, lack of motivation, inadequate facilities, lack of sports programs/activities, inaccessibility of sidewalks and streets. 3. The analysis of the links between physical activity and barriers to participating in physical activity showed that as physical activity increases, dependence on the surrounding persons decreases. 4. No significant differences in physical activity and barriers to participation in physical activity have been identified in terms of gender, except: women spend more time on light housework, women lack the help of sports center employees, women lack accessible transportation to go to the sports center