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Comparison of online and offline applications of dual-site transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) and right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) for improving response inhibition /
No full textThe efficacy of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is thought to be brain state-dependent, such that tACS during task performance would be hypothesised to offer greater potential for improving performance compared to tACS at rest. However, to date, no empirical study has tested this postulation. The current study compared the effects of dual-site beta tACS applied during a stop signal task (online) to the effects of the same tACS protocol applied prior to the task (offline) and a sham control stimulation in 53 young, healthy adults (32 female; 18–35 yrs). The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and centre (midline) of the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), which are thought to play critical roles in action cancellation, were simultaneously stimulated, sending phase-synchronised stimulation for 15 min with the aim of increasing functional connectivity. The offline group showed significant within-group improvement in response inhibition without showing overt task-related changes in functional connectivity measured with EEG connectivity analysis, suggesting offline tACS is efficacious in inducing behavioural changes potentially via a post-stimulation early plasticity mechanism. In contrast, neither the online nor sham group showed significant improvements in response inhibition. However, EEG connectivity analysis revealed significantly increased task-related functional connectivity following online stimulation and a medium effect size observed in correlation analyses suggested that an increase in functional connectivity in the beta band at rest was potentially associated with an improvement in response inhibition. Overall, the results indicate that both online and offline dual-site beta tACS can be beneficial in improving inhibitory control via distinct underlying mechanisms
Efcacy of low-intensity aerobic exercise and aerobic combined with resistance exercise on pain, respiratory function, fatigue and qualityof life in nursing patients.
No full textBackground. In older people with multiple comorbidities, quality of life declines due to physical deterioration, which may also contribute to psychological deterioration (Nóbrega et al., 2009; Subramaniam et al., 2019). In such cases, it is important to ensure adequate physical activity, as it can improve their physical and psychological condition (Bricca et al., 2020). Physical activity including aerobic exercises, resistance exercises, and stretching exercises can improve the quality of life in elderly (López-Torres, 2019), but it remains unclear which physical exercises are more effective. The aim. To determine which of the physiotherapy programs - low-intensity aerobic exercises or combined aerobic and resistance exercises - are more effective in reducing pain and fatigue of nursing patients, improving respiratory indicators and quality of life. Methods. 20 patients 74.85±5.4 years of age participated in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: MIAP group - applied low-intensity aerobic exercise, APP group - aerobic and resistance exercise. Perceived pain was assessed using numerical pain scale (SAS). Respiratory function indicators were evaluated by spirometry. The multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20L) assessed general, physical and mental fatigue, decreased activity and motivation. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. Results. Applying the MIAP and APP programs was significantly reduced pain, physical fatigue, improved quality of life related to physical and mental health, and respiratory indicators (p<0.05). Conclusions. A low-intensity aerobic exercise program was more effective in reducing fatigue, while an aerobic and resistance exercise program was more effective in improving respiratory function. Both programs were effective in improving mental and physical health-related quality of life and reducing pain
Механізми управління фінансами комерційного банку.
No full textThe article examines the main financial management mechanisms of a commercial bank, as well as the prospect of creating a modern financial mechanism. The article analyzes the approach to the definition of the term "finance" and the focus of management on the allocation of financial resources to obtain income. Particular attention is paid to the importance of productive financial relations between the bank and its clients through financial management. The role of elements of planning, operational management and controlling in the creation of modern financial management methods is also considered. The stability of the banking sector largely determines the stability of the economy in general and its successful development. Thus, the primary task of state bodies at the macro level and the management of credit organizations at the micro level should be to ensure such stability through the implementation of a rational monetary policy; assessment and monitoring of the state of the real and financial sectors of the economy; the fall of all types of risks and the acquisition of income, which multiply total costs. All this will contribute to the modernization and improvement of the quality of banking services provided to individuals and legal entities. An unreasonable and hasty policy in the field of banking business will not only lead to a decline in the financial stability of credit organizations, but will also affect the economy as a whole. The article reviews the features of the financial management of foreign banking organizations, as a result of which the authors come to the conclusion that the most important indicators in the development of a bank’s financial strategy are the value of a financial organization, the level of bank capital, a certain number of active innovative projects, an increase in the range of products and services provided by banks, an improvement of management of external and internal risks, as well as development of an effective investment policy. As a result of the study, the relationship between effective financial management and a high level of liquidity management of the bank and the adequacy of its capital is determined
School physical education program impact on psychological well-being and cognitive ability of primary school children /
No full textThe effect of eccentric exercises on lower limb muscle imbalances and functional status of young female football players.
No full textResearch problem: what is the effect of eccentric exercises on lower limb muscle imbalances and functional status of young female football players? The aim of the study - to determine the effect of eccentric exercises on lower limb muscle imbalances and functional status of young female football players. Objectives: 1. To evaluate lower limb muscle imbalance and functional status of the experimental group before and after the application of eccentric exercises; 2. To evaluate lower limb muscle imbalance and functional status of the control group; 3. To compare the change in the lower limb muscle imbalance and functional status of the experimental and control group. Hypothesis: after eccentric exercise program lower limb muscle imbalance will decrease and functional status will improve in young female soccer players. Methods: 1. Tensiomyography (TMG) - to measure anterior and posterior thigh muscle contractile properties; 2. Isokinetic dynamometer system „Biodex“ – to measure the characteristics of anterior and posterior thigh muscles under dynamic conditions; 3. Y - Balance test – to measure dynamic balance of the lower limb. Results: after 5 weeks of eccentric exercise application, a significant reduction in the contraction time (Tc) of the right leg biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscle and a decrease in the maximum radial displacement (Dm) of the right leg semitendinosus muscle was found in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Also, a statistically significant increase in the maximum eccentric hamstring peak torque of the left leg at 60°/s was obtained in the experimental group. No significant differences were found between the results of dynamic balance testing. Conclusion: 1. after eccentric exercise program a significantly increase was found in the value of the maximum eccentric hamstring peak torque of the left leg at 60°/s., the contraction time of the right leg biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscle decreased and the maximum radial displacement of the right leg semitendinosus muscle decreased in the experimental group; 2. in the control group, after 5 weeks, the imbalance and functional condition of the muscles of the lower limb did not change; 3. after the intervention, the lateral symmetry of the semitendinosus muscle and the value of the maximum eccentric hamstring peak torque of the left and right leg at 60°/s. and the value of the right leg maximum concentric hamstring peak torque at 60°/s. was significantly better in the subjects of the experimental group compared to the control group
Evaluation of running and dribbling efficiency in boys and girls youth basketball teams.
No full textPurpose of the study: To determine the reliability of running and dribble deficit tests and the results of these tests for youth basketball players of different ages and genders. Tasks: 1. To determine and evaluate the reliability of tests assessing running, change of direction and dribble deficit in youth basketball teams of different ages and genders. 2. To determine and compare the results of running, change of direction and dribble deficit tests of basketball players of different ages and genders. Hypothesis: Tests assessing dribble deficit are reliable for assessing the skills of young basketball players of different ages and genders. Methods: The research involved players of U-16 and U-18 girls and boys basketball teams (n=47) playing in the A division of the School Basketball League Championship (MKL). Tests of 10 m and 20 m running and running while changing the direction of movement with and without dribbling were performed. The difference between the tests performed with and without the ball was evaluated as dribble deficit. Results: When assessing the reliability of the tests performed in the study, excellent reliability was found for all applied tests (ICC>0.90, CV<5%). A statistically significant effect of gender, age and the interaction between age and gender was found only for the results of dribble deficit, calculated from the results of the tests of running while changing the direction of movement (p<0.05). A gender effect was found for all tests results, where girls teams show statistically lower results (p<0.05). Conclusions: 1. The excellent reliability was determined of running and dribble deficit tests in youth population. 2. Boys teams are stronger than girls teams in all tests evaluating dirbble deficit, but when evaluating the results of different age groups of the same gender, the teams of both genders demonstrate a similar skill level. As the running speed does not improve, dribble deficit improves in the older teams
The effect of high intensity strength training on strength, muscle damage and cognitive function of elderly men.
No full textKey words: creatine kinase, strength, muscle damage, eccentric overload, cognitive function. Problem: how can high intensity strength training affect strength, muscle damage and cognitive function of elderly men? Aim of the study: to evaluate short-term and long-term effect of high intensity strength training on strength, muscle damage and cognitive function of elderly men. Tasks of the study: 1. To evaluate the effect of a single eccentric overload training on blood creatine kinase levels and cognitive function of elderly men; 2. To evaluate long-term effect of high-intensity strength training on strength, blood creatine kinase levels, and cognitive function of elderly men; 3. To compare changes in strength, blood creatine kinase levels, and cognitive function between the experimental and control groups. Methods: maximum repetition evaluation, creatinkinase blood level assessment, assessment of cognitive function. Results: Blood creatine kinase levels did not significantly change after a single exercise session in the experimental group. The study results show positive effect of a single eccentric overload training on cognitive function of elderly. The number of correct responses in the „Go-no go“ test significantly increased (p<0,05), while the reaction time in the „Memory“ test, assessing procedural and declarative memory, and the „Switching“ test, assessing attention and dual-task performance, significantly decreased (p<0,05). The knee extension strength significantly increased after 2 months, and the leg press strength was significantly greater in the experimental group compared to the control group after 3 months (p<0,05). Meanwhile, the leg press strength significantly decreased in the control group over the 3 month period (p<0,05). This 3 month period of high-intensity strength training had no effect on changes in creatine kinase enzyme. After 3 months of high-intensity strength training, the percentage of correct responses in the „Switching“ test significantly increased in the experimental group (p<0,05), while the average reaction time in the „Memory“ test significantly increased in the control group (p<0,05). Conclusions: High-intensity eccentric overload training increased strength and improved cognitive function in older men. More positive changes in cognitive function were observed after a single load compared to the results after 3 months. The level of creatine kinase in the blood did not change significantly
Effects of balance and proprioceptive exercises on the balance of ice hockey players and the risk of lower limb injuries.
No full textBackground. Most ice hockey injuries are contact, but about 15% are non-contact musculoskeletal injuries and lower body injuries account for 30-45% of all injuries in ice hockey players. It is believed that proprioception and balance training can improve neuromuscular control, improve its ability to synchronise the muscle joint to improve dynamic stability and improve human performance, so balance and proprioception are suggested exercises as a regular part of training. The aim. To determine the effects of a 6-week balance and proprioception training exercises on balance and lower extremity injury risk in ice hockey players. Material and methods. 20 men were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Six weeks were applied to the research group balance and proprioception exercises, twice a week for 45 minutes next to their regular training. The control group continued with regular training. Before and after the study, static balance was assessed by the flamingo test, dynamic balance and lower extremity injury risk by the modified star excursion test, and injury risk assessment using the Functional Movement Assessment. Results. In the intervention group after 6 weeks the static balance of the right and left leg improved statistically significantly (p0,05). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the dynamic balance of the left and right leg in the front, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions (p<0,05) and the static balance of the right leg (p<0,05). The results of the intervention group were better compared to the control group. Conclusions. After the application of balance and proprioception training exercises, the static and dynamic balance of ice hockey players improved and the risk of injury in ice hockey players decreased. Recommendations. Balance and proprioception exercises should be included in hockey physical training to improve static and dynamic balance and reduce the risk of injury. When performing balance and proprioception exercises, we recommend incorporating a variety of specific movements that are similar to those performed by athletes during training and competition. In order to determine the cause of injuries and their risk, it is very important to carry out regular tests, store them and analyse them
The relationship between the functional and physical condition with pain and trauma of basketball players in terms of gender.
No full textBackground. Lower extremity injuries account for more than half of the trauma experienced by basketball players. With a high number of traumas, it is important to include trauma prevention programs and monitor the physical and functional condition of the players. It is not clear what is the relationship between the functio-nal and physical condition with pain and trauma of basketball players in terms of gender.The aim. To determine the relationship between the functional and physical condition with pain and trauma of basketball players in terms of gender.Methods. 20 basketball players (10 boys and 10 girls) participated in the study. Information about the trauma and training status of basketball players was collec-ted through a questionnaire. The functional status of the subjects was assessed with the Functional Movement Screen and the Y Balance Test. The physical condition was assessed by: Ely’s (for the length of the rectus femoris muscle), Thomas (for the length of the iliopsoas muscle), and Pendulum (for the mobility of the spine) tests. Pain intensity was assessed on a numeric pain intensity scale.Results. In female players, a moderate inverse relationship was found betwe-en functional condition and pain (r = -0.679, p0.05 and r=-0.571, p>0.05, respectively). An inverse relationship was establis-hed between the length of the iliopsoas muscle in females and pain (r=-0.661, p0.05). The relationship between the length of the rectus femoris muscle and pain was found in both males (r=-0.687, p<0.05) and females (r=-0.887, p<0.05), and the relationship with trauma was found only in females (r=- 0.816, p<0.05).Conclusions. The functional and physical condition of female basketball play-ers is more related to the intensity of pain and trauma than that of male basketball players
User perception of quality in sports websites.
No full textRelevance of the topic. The 21st century is widely regarded as the age of technology. Nowadays, no one can imagine their life without browsing various websites. As Gonzalez et al. (2015) state, websites are a dominant place for users to obtain information. Many professional sports organisations use their websites to develop relationships with their fans by providing them with news and results (Alonso-Dos-Santos, Moreno, Ríos, & Alguacil, 2017). Sports websites are especially useful for sports enthusiasts, as sports is a very globalised activity and it is physically impossible to be at all desired events. Fans are not only more engaged and interested in their favourite teams but also in their websites, thus performing a kind of news distribution function for the club (Lewis, 2013). The problem. The widespread use of information technology in various felds has made research on the adoption or rejection of these technologies an important factor in every organisation (Mohammadi & Isanejad, 2018). The rapid change and development of websites mean that users’ perception of their quality is also changing. Therefore, it is important to track the constantly changing user expectations and their engagement. A newer and more up-to-date study can help organisations to further improve their websites, thus competing with other organisations in their market. The aim of the study is to investigate user perception of quality in sports websites. The subject of the study is user perception of quality in sports websites. Research methodology. A survey was used to investigate user perception of quality in sports websites. Respondents were given an anonymous online survey. The object of the study was user perception of quality in sports websites. The study was based on the WebQual questionnaire of Gonzalez et al. (2015). The purpose of the study is to investigate user perception of quality in sports websites. The data were collected in February and March 2023. A total of 303 respondents participated in the study. Results and conclusion. A comparison of the distribution of respondents according to which website they would prefer shows that all analysed categories reflect a trend. In all four question categories, the better-rated website was X website and when respondents were asked to choose between these websites, the vast majority (69.31%) would prefer X website, while 30.69% of respondents would choose Y website. This result means that among these competing basketball websites, X website seems to be more attractive and high-quality for most users. The results of the study allowed to understand what quality criteria affect the opinion and choice of sports websites by users. Comparing the results obtained with other previous studies, it was observed that individual categories or subcategories can not only influence the choice of a website but can also interact with each other, thus affecting each other. An analysis of the survey results showed that the accuracy of information, security, website understandability, security and website attractiveness are the main features that positively affect the user and help websites gain a competitive advantage over other websites in the same feld or market