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Effect of an optimistic approach on individual life satisfaction /
No full textThe study explores the impact of an optimistic approach on an individual’s life satisfaction. The study aims to understand the relationships between variables and determine whether they align with previous research findings showing that an optimistic approach benefits greater life satisfaction. The study was conducted in Pakistan. Two hundred participants were taken through purposive sampling, belonging to different socio-economic backgrounds. They were administered The Life Orientation Test (LOT) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). To establish inter-item consistency, Cronbach alpha value was found for LOT as ( α = .69-.72) and for SWLS as (α = .83-.92). Results showed a positive & relatively strong correlation (r=.473, n=200, p=.000) between the two variables through Pearson correlation test. Further, Regression was applied, resulting in a highly significant relationship f (1, 98) = p<0.05, R2=.552. Despite low optimism scores, a high level of life satisfaction was determined, and when optimism increases by 1 point, the life satisfaction score increases by 2,141 points. Based on the results of the study, the influence of optimism on life satisfaction in the context of Pakistan is discussed
Characteristics of mental toughness in young basketball players of different age groups /
No full textAssessing the development of skills that ensure personal mental toughness in adolescence is important because adolescents’ increasing autonomy and socialisation during adolescence inevitably create the conditions for an increasing number of external stressors to emerge. Paradoxically, adolescents’ confidence in their ability to cope with external stressors decreases during adolescence, which may lead to poorer sports performance in adolescent athletes. This study aimed to determine and analyse mental toughness skills in the cadet and junior age groups of young basketball players. Another aim was to reveal how general (total) mental toughness and age predict each athletic mental toughness skill
Two physiotherapy methods to improve the physical condition of children with autism spectrum disorder /
No full textThis study presents two simple physiotherapy programs that were implemented for five weeks and showed positive changes in balance, coordination, and motor skills in kindergarteners with ASD. Physiotherapy programs in a gym and games on a smart board with balance plates and an unstable base were applied to improve the physical condition of children with ASD. Thirty children with ASD (4–6 years old) attending special needs kindergarten were enrolled in the study. Three tests were used to assess participants’ physical condition before and after the study: the modified Berg Balance Scale, the Imbalance Coordination Sample, and the Bruininks–Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test (BOTMP). The resulting mean change, calculated from each group’s scores, shows that the participants who received physical therapy sessions at the smart board had the greatest change of 1.58 points. It shows that the opportunity to play games on a smart board motivates children with ASD to work harder; therefore, it is a simple and easy way to engage children in different types of physical exercise. A slightly smaller change of 1.51 was obtained in the group that received gym sessions. However, working in the gym was more psychologically challenging for the children with ASD due to their lack of desire and motivation. Both methods are relatively simple and easy to apply at home; therefore, parents can make a significant contribution to improving children’s physical condition and that can be an effective tool to assist these individuals with activities in daily life
The effects of Nirvana fitness and functional training on the body appreciation of young women: non-randomized controlled trial /
No full textIntroduction: Exercise is an important intervention used to improve body image. The present non-randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the effects of Nirvana Fitness (NF) and functional training (FT) on body appreciation and its correlates in young women. Methods: Twenty-two students participated in FT, 21 in NF, and 47 in the control (CN) group. The mean age of the study participants was 22.79 ± 6.14 years. The FT and NF groups participated in sessions 2 days per week for 8 weeks, and the CN group did not participate in any sessions. All the participants were evaluated at pre- and post-intervention, filling in the Body Appreciation Scale 2 (BAS-2), Mind– Body Connection from the Physical Activity Body Experiences Questionnaire (PABEQ), Body Surveillance from the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS), the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS), intrinsic exercise motivation from Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire 2 (BREQ-2), and perceived physical fitness. Results: Significant improvements were found in terms of all outcome measures in the FT group, and improvements of body and mind connection and body surveillance in the NF group, while no improvements were observed in the CN group. FT’s effect on body appreciation appeared to operate through the improvement of the mind–body connection in the FT and NF groups and via decreased body surveillance in the FT group. Conclusion: These findings support the developmental theory of embodiment and provide initial evidence that professionally delivered FT and NF might be used as effective strategies for the promotion of positive body image in young women
Tritaškio metimo vertė NBA krepšinyje 2010-2020 m.
No full textBackground. Over the past decade, the game of basketball has witnessed a profound transformation in its statistical landscape, largely attributed to the evolving significance of the 3P shot. This thesis delves into the statistical value of the three point (3P) shot during the 2010-2020 era of NBA basketball, dissecting the factors contributing to its substantial increase in relevance on the court. Through meticulous analysis, this research illuminates the underlying dynamics that have shaped and reshaped the game's statistical fabric. Our study begins by documenting the pronounced statistical surge of the 3P shot, revealing a marked escalation in both its frequency and efficacy across teams and players. Drawing upon a diverse array of data sources, including game logs, player statistics, and team performances, we meticulously trace the trajectory of this statistical phenomenon, unveiling the intricate interplay between strategy, player skill, and game dynamics. Moreover, this thesis goes beyond mere documentation, offering a comprehensive analysis of the outliers within this statistical evolution. Through rigorous statistical methodologies, we identify teams that deviated from the norm, exhibiting either exceptional proficiency or unexpected inefficiency in leveraging the 3P shot. In essence, this research serves as a beacon illuminating the statistical landscape of basketball during a transformative decade. As the game continues to evolve, our findings offer invaluable insights for coaches, analysts, and enthusiasts seeking to navigate the ever-changing terrain of modern basketball. Materials and methods. For this research data was collected from the 2010-11 to the 2020-2021 NBA seasons and Pearson’s r was used to show the correlation between the number of 3P shots made in a game and its result. Results. The results showed that there was a 20+% increase in the correlation between 3P shots made and game results from the 1st to the last season analyzed, but the r wasn’t high enough to indicate a strong correlation between the two. Conclusion. Even though strong correlation isn’t indicated, when compared to the multiple statistics affecting every game and their effectiveness on the game’s result, as well as the player’s skills and team tactics involved it seems that the produced r is more than enough to show how important 3P shot making is to winning games in modern NBA basketball
Association between physical capacity and academic achievement of 11–15-year-old pupils in Kaunas city.
No full textThe object of the study: correlation between physical capacity and academic achievement of pupils. The aim of the study: to determine the relationship between physical capacity and academic achievement of 11–15-year-old pupils in Kaunas city. Methods of analysis. The aim of the study was to analyze the physical capacity of students in grades 5-8. Six physical fitness tests, such as: “Flaming”, “Sit and reach”, “Long jump from standing”, “Bent arm hanging”, “10×5 m shuttle run”, “20 m shuttle run” were analyzed in the study. For the assessment of academic achievement, all academic achievement results for subjects taught to pupils in grades 5-8 (second semester assessments) were used. Data on the physical performance and academic achievement of 762 students were used in the study. Results: Slightly less than half (“Flaming“, “Sit and Reach, “20 m shuttle run”) and more than half (“Bent arm hanging”, “Long Jump from Standing”, “10×5 m shuttle run”) of 11-15 year old students' physical ability test scores were in the area of unhealthy physical ability. The worst performance of pupils aged 11-15 years was in the muscular endurance test “Bent arm hanging”, while the best performance was in the balance test “Flaming”. Older students (grades 7-8) are more flexible than younger students (grades 5-6). Students with a normal body mass index are more physically fit compared to students with an under- and over-weight body mass index. Students aged 11-15 have the highest second-half grade point averages in physical education, music, technology and art, and the lowest in science and Lithuanian language. Girls aged 11-15 have higher academic achievement than boys. Pupils in grades 5-6 have higher academic grades compared to pupils in grades 7-8. Students aged 11-15 with a normal body mass index have higher academic grades (in history, science and humanities, art and physical education) compared to students aged 11-15 with a low or high body mass index. For 11–15-year-olds second-half grade point averages correlate with their performance on physical fitness tests. Students aged 11-15 years with more developed balance, flexibility, leg muscle strength, muscular endurance, speed, agility, and cardiovascular fitness have higher academic achievement. The most frequent (and also the strongest associations) are between balance and flexibility physical ability tests and academic achievement of 11–15-year-olds. Similar trends are observed in all socio-demographic groups analyzed. The lowest correlations were found between the physical performance of boys aged 11-15 years and underweight pupils and their academic achievement. For girls aged 11-15 years, grade point averages in history, geography, information technology, nature and human, physical education and a second foreign language in the second half of the year are associated with all physical ability tests
The effect of visual feedback on knee pain and function in women aged 45–75 following total knee arthroplasty.
No full textBackground. Knee replacement surgery is a standard treatment that relieves the problems caused by advanced knee osteoarthritis. Postoperative rehabilitation programs are extremely important because they can improve knee function and reduce pain in patients after EP surgery.Aim. To assess the effect of visual feedback on knee joint function and pain in patients who underwent arthroplasty.Methods. The study involved 30 women experiencing pain after knee replacement surgery. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). Patients in both groups received one hour of phys-ical therapy every day from Monday to Saturday. The patients of the study group performed 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy in the hall, which includes exercises for increasing the range of motion of the knee, increasing strength and endurance, and 30 minutes of gait and balance training supplemented with visual feedback. The patients in the control group received regular physiotherapy in the hall lasting 60 minutes. The duration of the study is three weeks. Knee joint pain, range of motion, leg extensor and flexor muscle strength, and body balance were evaluated.Results. Both physical therapy programs significantly reduced knee pain and improved knee function. The control group’s pain decreased by 63.4 percent, while the experimental group’s pain decreased by 60.8 percent. The knee joint flexion amplitude improved by 42.9 percent in the control group and 43.4 percent in the experimental group. The improvement in the knee joint flexion amplitude was 88.3 percent in the control group and 92.7 percent in the experimental group. In the control group, the strength of the calf extensor muscles increased by 30.0 percent, and in the experimental group, it increased by 34.23 percent. The strength of the calf flexor muscles increased by 29.4 percent in the control group and 34.2 percent in the study group. Balance and gait indicators, according to the Tinetti scale, improved statistically significantly in the control group by 27.6 percent, and in the study group by 45.1 percent. In the study group, only balance and gait were better after the interventions (p<0.05) than in the control group.Conclusions. Both interventions: conventional physical therapy and supplemented with visual feedback significantly improved the subjects’ functionality and reduced knee pain. Physiotherapy with visual feedback was more effective than conventional physiotherapy in recovering balance and gait in subjects after knee arthroplasty
Faktoriai, lemiantys sporto renginio populiarumą, tarptautinių šokių sporto varžybų atveju.
No full textThe popularity of international dance sport competitions is influenced by a variety of factors that contribute to their success and audience engagement. This thesis explores the key determinants that impact the popularity of these events.Firstly, the skill level and reputation of participating athletes play a crucial role. Highprofile dancers and renowned couples attract more attention and interest from fans and media alike. Secondly, the quality and prestige of the event venue contribute significantly. A well-chosen location with excellent facilities and accessibility enhances the overall appeal of the competition. Effective event marketing and promotion strategies are vital. Strong advertising campaigns, use of social media platforms, and collaborations with influencers can broaden the event's reach and attract diverse audiences. Moreover, the presence of enthusiastic spectators and a supportive fan base creates an electrifying atmosphere that adds to the event's allure (Wakefield, Wakefield & Keller, 2020). Furthermore, the role of media coverage cannot be overlooked. Extensive media coverage, including live broadcasts and highlights, increases visibility and generates excitement among potential viewers (Gonzalez-Serrano, Gonz´alez-García, Carvalho & Calabuig, 2021). The prestige and history of the competition itself, along with any associated traditions or unique features, also contribute to its popularity. Lastly, factors such as ticket pricing, accessibility for international participants and spectators, and the overall organization and management of the event influence its attractiveness. By analyzing and understanding these multifaceted determinants, this thesis aims to provide insights into enhancing the popularity and success of international dance sport competitions
Features of competitiveness and sports orientation of young and adult basketball players.
No full textThe object of the research - Features of competitiveness and sports orientation of young and adult basketball players. The problem question of the research: How do competitivness and sports orientation of young basketball players and adults differ? The aim of the study - to determine the similarities and differences of competitiveness and sports orientation of young and adult basketball players. Objectives of the research: 1. To study and compare the features of competitiveness of young and adult basketball players. 2. To study and compare the features of sports orientation of young and adult basketball players. Hypothesis: Adult basketball players have better features of competitiveness and sports orientation than young basketball players. Research Methodology – The study will use theses methods to determine the results: Competitiveness Orientation Measure (COM), (Newby & Klein, 2014). Competitiveness Index (CI), (Smither & Houston, 1992). Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ), (Gill, 1988). Hypercompetitive attitude scale, (Ryckman, 1990). Participants. The study involved 108 basketball players - 57 young basketball players (aged 17-18) and 51 adult basketball players (aged 21 or older). Results. After analysing the results, we discovered statistically significant differences between young and adult basketball players‘ competitiveness and sports orientation features. Quantitative research results showed, that in five out of eight competitiveness features categories adult basketball players had statistically significantly better results than young basketball players. Also, in three out of four sports orientation features categories, adult basketball players had statistically significantly better results than young basketball players. Conclusions: 1. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between young and adult basketball players: stress management based competitiveness (p < 0,05), proof to yourself based competitiveness (p < 0,01), competitiveness index (p < 0,01), dominant competitiveness (p < 0,01) and emotional competitiveness (p < 0,05). The other three categories (aspiration to participate competitiveness, general competitiveness and personal enhancement competitiveness) did not have a statistically significant differences between young and adult basketball players in the features of competitiveness. 2. There were found statistically significant differences between young and adult basketball players in three of the four sports orientation categories. In Orientation to competition (p < 0,05), orientation to goals (p < 0,01) and hypercompetitiveness (p < 0,01) categories, adult basketball players had statistically significant better results than young basketball players. Only the orientation to winning category did not have statistically significant difference between adult and young basketball players in the features of sports orientation
Relationships between university teachers' positive body image and related health behavior.
No full textResearch problem. When analysing students' adaptation in higher education, one of the facilitating factors is a good relationship with lecturers. Students' emerging self-awareness and attitude towards the future may also depend on the lecturer (Bendžiūtė & Stanislavovienė, 2021). In the ongoing research on body image of adolescents and young adults, it is important to find out what the body image of university lecturers is like and what factors may influence the expression of a positive body image. The purpose of this study was to reveal the associations between positive body image and related health behaviours in a sample of university teachers. Objectives of the study: 1. To determine and compare the expression of positive body image, leisure-time physical activity, stress, body mass index and unhealthy eating behaviours in university teachers across gender groups. 2. To compare the development of positive body image, leisure-time physical activity, stress, body mass index and unhealthy eating habits among university teachers by age. 3. To reveal the associations between positive body image, leisure-time physical activity, stress, body mass index and unhealthy eating habits in a sample of university teachers. 4. To identify the most important factors related to gender, leisure-time physical activity, stress, body mass index and unhealthy eating habits that influence positive body image in the sample of this study. Research hypothesis. A more positive body image will be more common in male university teachers and in lecturers who are more physically active in their leisure time, have lower stress levels, lower BMI and fewer unhealthy eating habits. Study methodology: literature review; survey of respondents; statistical analysis of data. Results and conclusions of the study: 1. Body image and related health behaviours are problematic for university teachers. Positive body image and lower BMI are more common among women than men. Men are more likely than women to be more physically active during leisure time and less likely to have unhealthy eating habits. 2. The level of positive body image and leisure-time physical activity among university teachers in different age groups is not statistically significantly different, but the older age group has lower levels of stress, less frequent unhealthy eating habits and higher BMI. 3. A more positive body image among university teachers is associated with higher leisure-time physical activity, lower stress levels, lower BMI and fewer unhealthy eating habits. Lower levels of stress are associated with fewer unhealthy eating habits, lower BMI and more leisure-time physical activity. In contrast, less frequent unhealthy eating habits are associated with lower BMI and more leisure-time physical activity. 4. The strongest factor associated with a more positive body image among university teachers is lower BMI. Meanwhile, higher levels of leisure-time physical activity, lower levels of stress and fewer unhealthy eating habits are also associated with more positive body image