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The Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Humulus Lupulus During Pregnancy and Lactation on Sexual Maturation and Some Reproductive Indices in Male Rats
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Humulus lupulus is known for its estrogenic properties as a raw material in the beverage industry. Exposure to exogenous estrogenic compounds during embryonic and neonatal periods are now of public health concern, since it may cause reproductive impairment. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate treatment with humulus lupulus during early stages of life on the onset of puberty and some reproductive indices in male rats.
METHODS: In this experimental study, 20 pregnant mice were divided into five groups of four, including control (without treatment), control (saline) and three groups treated with alcoholic extract of humulus lupulus at 50, 100, 150 mg/kg/bw concentrations. They were treated daily from the seventh day of pregnancy to seven days after birth by gavage. Then, the effect of alcoholic extract of humulus lupulus on the onset of puberty, testicular weight and epididymis, sperm count, viability, and motility, testosterone concentration and the fertility of male children were evaluated.
FINDINGS: The onset of puberty in the 150 mg/kg humulus lupulus group (43.6±0.83) occurred later than the control (39.8±0.49) (p<0.01). Testicular and epididymis weight decreased in 100 and 150 humulus lupulus groups (p<0.01). The sperm count, viability, and motility and testosterone concentrations in the 100 and 150 mg/kg humulus lupulus group were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.01). In addition, the percentage of fertility in the 150 mg / kg humulus lupulus group (76.4±2.84) was lower than the control group (89.43±3.31) (p<0.01).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that exposure of male rats to humulus lupulus in early stages of life causes late puberty and has negative effects on reproductive performance
Evaluation of authorship patterns in Iranian articles and its relation to citations
Get PDFBackground and aim: Scientific collaborations increase citations and its results in the others' research. This aim of this study was to determine the number of authors in different majors of humanities, basic sciences and arts and the relationship between the number of authors and number of citations on Iranian articles indexed in the Web of Science.
Material and methods: The present study was conducted using descriptive and analytical methods through scientometric methods. The research population was all articles published by Iranian researchers on the topics of basic sciences, humanities and art, indexed in the Web of Science in 2012, which were 17671 documents. The number of citations of articles has been recorded by May 2016. The year of 2016 was selected for the articles in the various categories would have enough time to get the citation. Data were collected via referring to articles in each field, counting the number of authors in each article and the number of citations received each article until May 2016. Bib Excel, Excel, and SPP softwares were used to analyzed the data.
Findings: This research has shown that the largest share of research collaboration in Iran is in a group of two to five people. Moreover, there was a relationship and correlation between the number of authors and the number of citations in different majors.
Conclusion: Among the examined categories, the field of medicine had the highest correlation coefficient between the number of authors and the number of citations, and archeology had the lowest correlation
Study the scientific outputs in the field of Persian Gulf in Scopus during 1996-2015
Get PDFBackground and aim: Findings from studies on science assessment and evaluation are the most important tools for planning and policy-making in each country; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the scientific output in the field of Persian Gulf in Scopus during 1996-2015.
Material and methods: This descriptive survey study was performed using scientometrics method. The study population was the indexed articles in Scopus with keyword of Persian Gulf from 1996 to 2015. Data were analyzed using analytical tools in Scopus and SPSS 21.
Findings: The results have shown that all 2667 documents written by 84 countries have been published in 160 journals with 27 different fields. The average growth rate of annual outputs was 22.5% in the world, 17.5% in the Middle East and 39.2% in Iran. Moreover, 23.8% of the documents have one author and documents with three or two authors are in the next ranks. Most scientific outputs are related to the field of "medicine".
Conclusion: In the last 20 years, we are faced with significant growth in scientific outputs in the field of Persian Gulf. Although Iran has the most scientific outputs in this field, the qualitative evaluation of scientific outputs published by this country via indices of "the average number of citations of articles" and "h-index" has indicated their low effectiveness, which should be paid attention
The impacts of prone position on the blood oxygen saturations and heart rates of preterm infants under the mechanical ventilation
Get PDFBackground: The methods of baby's position are an important critical factor in ventilation and oxygenation of tissues. Although the prone position as one of the recommended position has beneficial effect on the development of premature infants, little research has been done.
Methods: In a clinical trial among mechanically ventilated infants, hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), 35 preterm infants were selected in 2014-2015. Each infant was positioned in a supine (control group) and prone (case group) positions for 2 hours, respectively. The values of blood oxygen saturations (SpO2) and heart rates were assessed and recorded every 10 minutes by a cardio-respiratory monitoring device. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.22.
Results: The mean heart rates were 136.909±2.861 and 136.600±2.560 beats per minute in the supine and prone positions, respectively. Heart rates were within the normal ranges in both positions, but the range of fluctuation was slightly lower and statistically non-significant in the prone position (p-value=0.805). The average of SpO2 was 92.364% and 95.046% in the supine and prone positions, both of them were within the normal range.
Conclusions: This study showed that the prone position compared to the supine position has a more favorable effect of SpO2 and heart rate fluctuations in preterm infants
Effect of Facilitated Tucking with the Nurse and a Simulated Hand on Physiological Pain Index During Vein Puncture on Premature Infants
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Painful and stressful stimuli increase catecholamine, heart rate, blood pressure and increase the intracranial pressure of the baby. Facilitated tucking is a simple technique that makes the baby control her body better. Therefore, this study was performed to compare the effects of fetal status with hands of nurses and simulated hand on the physiological indices of pain during venipuncture in preterm infants.
METHODS: The present experimental study was performed on 99 preterm infants admitted to the intensive care unit of Amin and Shahid Beheshti hospitals of Isfahan and in three groups of 33 patients (two groups of test and one control group). In one of the test groups during venipuncture procedure neonates were placed in facilitated tucking by nurse’s hand and in the other group by simulated hands. Before, during and after the intravenous route, the respiratory rate, pulse rate and arterial oxygen saturation were recorded using monitors.
FINDINGS: The mean of arterial oxygen saturation during and after venipuncture in the nurses' hand group were (93.04±6.13) and (94.3±56.44) and in simulated hand group were (95.2±21.11) and (94.2±50.86%) which had no significant difference (p<0.05). Between the mean respiratory rate, during and after the venipuncture in the nurses' hand (49.9±85.88) and (54.11±03.85) with simulated hand group (50.64±11.48) and (57.10±96.82) was not significantly different.
CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that the use of nursing hands and simulated hands to put a premature infant in a facilitated tucking is effective equally in controlling the physiological indices
Correlation of Tissue Eosinophils with Prognosis in Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The skin squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common skin cancer. The correlation between severe tissue eosinophilia with optimal and undesirable prognosis, or even an ineffectiveness effect was related. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between tissue eosinophilia and prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 33 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the pathology department of Shahid Beheshti hospital of University of Babol University of Medical Sciences (age, sex, tumor site) were collected and histopathologic in the vascular and nervous invasions was studied. Numbers of eosinophils (eos.) were counted in 15 successive fields at invasive fronts of HNCSCCs (area of 15 fields=1.2mm2) at×400 magnification with optical microscope. The correlation between the mean number of eosinophils per Mm² and the severity of eosinophilia (mild and severe) and clinical-histopathologic factors was analyzed.
FINDINGS: Mean eos/mm2 was 99.1913±104.39897. Overall survival rate, disease-specific survival rate and disease-free survival rate were %72.72, %61.53% and %84.84, respectively. There was inverse significant correlation between disease-free survival with eos/mm2 (p=0.043). There were no significant correlation between other clinical-histopathologic factors with mean eos/ mm2.There were inverse significant correlations between 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate with severity of tissue eosinophilia (p=0.02 and 0.013 respectively).There were not significant correlations between 5-year disease-specific survival and other factors with severity of tissue eosinophilia.
CONCLUSION: There was inverse correlation between severity of tissue eosinophilia with survival
The high ratio of thyroiditis as a main cause of thyrotoxicosis in patients referred to the nuclear medicine department of Babol Shahid Beheshti Hospital
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Thyrotoxicosis is a disease that results in excessive thyroid hormone activity in the blood. Common causes include Graves's disease, toxic nodular goiter (single or multiple) and thyroiditis. However, the cause of thyrotoxicosis may be different due to geographical areas, so in this study, the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis in the Babol County was investigated.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 30 thyrotoxic patients who were referred for thyroid scan were evaluated. The thyroid scan was performed with radiopharmaceutical of technetium pertechnetate and based on the results of the scan; the patients were divided into two general groups. The first group increased the absorption of radiopharmaceutical or hyperthyroidism, which included graves and, toxic nodular goitre (single or multiple). The second group reduced the absorption of radiopharmaceutical, which included thyroiditis (subacute and painless).
FINDINGS: Of the 300 patients with thyrotoxicosis, 209 patients were women (69.7%) and 91 patients were men (30.3%). In thyroid scan, 135 cases of thyroiditis (45%), which 95 cases were women (70.4%) and 40 cases were men (29.6%), 96 patients of Graves (32%), 57 cases were women (4 (59%) and 39 cases were men (40.6%) and 69 cases of adenoma (23%), 57 cases were women (82.6%) and 12 cases were men (17.4%).
CONCLUSION: Thyroiditis in our region may be more frequent than Graves' disease and can be the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis, which can be important in medical decision-making
Nurses’ Experience of Pain Management in Patients Referred to the Emergency Department
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Considering that the experience of nurses in pain management in patients in the emergency department is a reflection of their feelings, thoughts and attitudes in this regard, identification of their experiences can be the basis for dealing with the challenges. The present study was conducted to explain the experiences of nurses regarding pain management in patients referred to the emergency department.
METHODS: In this qualitative study, 14 nurses working in emergency departments of hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences participated through purposive sampling. The data were collected through individual, in-depth and semi-structured interviews and were simultaneously analyzed by conventional content analysis after transcribing the interviews.
FINDINGS: Based on the data analysis, two themes of "challenges and barriers to pain management" and "right to patient-centered pain relief" were extracted. The results indicate the existence of challenges such as limited authority, inefficient supervision, and etc. in organizational‐professional areas such as fear about side effects, negligence, and etc. in the domain of human factors. Pain relief was also found as a fundamental right that requires patient-centered care.
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, despite the numerous challenges in pain management in the emergency department, patient relief is one of the care priorities and fundamental human rights. Therefore, emphasis on the fundamental values of nursing profession and paying attention to patients' individual needs and rights can be effective in managing the pain properly
Prevalence and association of human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Merkel Cell polyomavirus with neoplastic esophageal lesions in northern Iran
Get PDFBackground: Studies concerning on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) etiological factors have been done for several decades, however, results reported from various investigations were not consistent. The present investigation aimed to explore the presence of 3 oncogenic viruses, human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in the neoplastic and non- neoplastic esophageal lesions collected from Mazandaran, a high risk area of Iran.
Methods: In total, 168 esophageal specimens (100 with ESCC confirmed diagnosis and 68 without esophageal malignancy) were analyzed for HPV, EBV and MCPyV by Real Time PCR.
Results: HPV DNA was detected in 27 out of the 100 neoplastic esophageal lesions (27.0%) and 28 out of the 68 samples from non-neoplastic group (41.2%). EBV DNA was detected in esophageal specimens of 10 out of the 100 neoplastic cases (10%) and 3 out of the 68 samples in non- neoplastic group (4.4%). MCPyV DNA was detected in esophageal specimens of 30 out of the 100 neoplastic cases (30.0%) and 24 out of the 68 samples in non- neoplastic group (35.3%). There was no statistically significant difference in HPV (p=0.066), EBV (p=0.143) and MCPyV (p=0.471) DNA positivity between neoplastic and non-neoplastic groups.
Conclusions: This study showed that HPV, EBV and MCPyV can be detected in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic esophageal tissues and weakens the hypothesis of the pathogenic role of these viruses in esophageal malignant transformation
Underlying risk factors and their relationship with extent of coronary vessel involvement in patients undergoing coronary angiography in North of Iran
Get PDFBackground: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most progressive and life-threatening diseases and is the first leading cause of death affecting both genders in Iran. The present study aimed to determine the extent of coronary vessel involvement and relevant relationship with several underlying risk factors.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1452 patients undergoing angiography who met the inclusion criteria were recruited consecutively in Babol, Iran during 2016. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire including demographic and clinical characteristics and information on underlying diseases via an interview with the patient and looking into the patients’ records.
Results: Of these patients, 459 (31.6%) had normal coronary arteries, 220 (15.1%) suffered from non-obstructive CAD and 773 (53.3%) had one, two or three-vessel obstructive involvement. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that the chances of having coronary artery involvement in patients with diabetes (OR=1.55, p=0.012), age> 60 years old (OR=3.52, P=0.001), male gender (OR=2.54, P=0.001), history of heart attack (OR=3.16, P=0.001), and history of hospitalization because of cardiac problem (OR=1.51, P=0.021) significantly increased.
Conclusions: Diabetes, male gender, age over 60 years old, history of myocardial infarction and history of hospitalization due to cardiac problem were related to the extent of coronary vessels involvement. Therefore, it is recommended to practice preventive measures more extensively in this regard