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Obstructive sleep apnea and severity of coronary artery disease
Get PDFBackground: It has been implicated that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease including stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between OSA and severity of atherosclerosis assessed by angiography.
Methods: This study included 337 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography at Tehran Heart Center, Iran. The Gensini score was obtained from each patient for coronary angiogram, and OSA were assessed by using Multivariable apnea prediction (MAP) risk index on the day of cardiac catheterization. The Gensini scores increased in accordance with increases in the MAP value.
Results: The prevalence rates of three-vessel disease were 68.0% in OSA group and 32.0% in non-OSA group. The MAP index was the most significant independent determinant for the Gensini score.
Conclusions: The independent association between OSA and CAD, even after adjustment for traditional confounders, suggests that, OSA should be taken into account when considering risk factors for CAD
The comparison of papilla preservation technique and semilunar incision with sub- epithelial connective tissue graft in dark triangle treatment
Get PDFIntroduction: Ability to reconstruct the papilla in anterior maxilla is important aspect of perio-plastic surgery. In most articles, connective tissue is used with different designs of incisions. The aim of this study was to use sub-epithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) with two types of incisions called papilla preservation and semilunar.
Materials & Methods: This basic randomized clinical study was performed on 10 sites in two patients. The patients were selected through inclusion and exclusion criteria. Papilla preservation and semilunar techniques were performed on four and six sites, respectively in the anterior maxilla. In both techniques SCTG was gained from palate .The apico-coronal and mesiodistal changes of the dark triangles were measured after 3 and 6 months. Landry(Healing) index was measured after 14 days and one month,Visual Analogue Scale (Esthetic) index was estimated in 3 and 6 month after surgery and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS ) index was analysed as well . Data were analysed using SPSS. Mann- Whitney, Wilcoxon and Paired t- Test were measured.
Results: Mean±SD of mesiodistal distance in the time of surgery was 2.00±0.000 in semilunar and 2.1±0.629 in papilla preservation technique whereas after 3 months, it was 1.33±0.016 and 1.37±0.478 for semilunar and papilla preservation, respectively and after 6 month was 1.00±0.000 for semilunar and 1.25±0.500 for papilla preservation. Mean±SD of apicocornal changes by semilunar incision in the time of surgery ,3 month after and 6 months later was 2.67±0.516 ,2.25±0.612and1.91±0.204 whereas by papilla preservation was 2.50±0.577,2.25±0.500 and 2±0.000, respectively.
Conclusion: Both techniques had positive effect on papilla reconstruction and the outcome was the same in both groups
The Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on Mental Health of Mothers with Premature Infants
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mothers with premature infants experience high levels of psychological stress. Considering the importance of maternal mental health as a parent-child care provider, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother&rsquo;s Care (KMC) of premature infant on mother&rsquo;s mental health. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 mothers with premature infants (less than 37 weeks pregnant) admitted to Ayatollah Rohani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, were selected by non-random sampling method. They divided into two study groups marked as experimental group (n=30) and control group (n=30). Data were collected using the demographic questionnaire and General Health of Goldberg & Hiller questionnaire. The 28-item questionnaire consisted of 4 sub-scales: physical symptoms, anxiety and sleep symptoms, social function, and depression symptoms. A score of over 22 indicates a symptom of the disease. In the intervention group, mothers spent at least 2 hours, 3 to 4 times a day for one week. The control group had the current process in the care. The questionnaire was completed at the beginning and one month after the admission of the newborn in both groups and the data were compared. FINDINGS: Finding showed that the overall mental health score in the intervention group before and after maternal care was (28.77±13.09) to (13.66±6.5) and in the control group (30.86±15.97) to (20.99±8.89) that this difference was significant (p<0.01). In relation to the scales in the intervention and control groups, respectively, the anxiety and sleep patterns (3.7±1.5 in contrast to 5.67±3.39), social function disorder (5.9±2.58 vs 7.21±2.2) Physical symptoms (2.13±1.88 vs. 5.2±3.31) had a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05), but in the case of depressive symptoms (1.03±0.3) vs 2.7&plusmn;2.31), this difference was not significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Regarding the results of this research, use of Kangaroo Mothers Care (KMC) for improve of premature infant on mother&rsquo;s mental health is step for health family
Recovery of Acute Pulmonary Edema Following Drowning Due to Seizure: Report of Two Cases
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Drowning is a process of respiratory impairment due to the full immersion under fluids that about one third of patients with drowning experience pulmonary edema. In this article, two patients with acute pulmonary edema after drowning due to seizure who were admitted to the ICU department at Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol have been presented.
CASE REPORT: An 18-year-old man with a history of epilepsy was drowned while swimming in the pool after a seizure. Due to hypoxia, he was treated with supplemental oxygen and NIV for 12 hours. After partial recovery, he was treated with oxygen for three days. The patient on the fourth day was discharged with a good general condition.
Second patient: An 36-year old man, with a previous history of brain trauma was drowned while swimming in the sea after a seizure. The patient was intubated due to severe hypoxemia despite administration of oxygen (pao2 = 44mmHg) and low blood pressure (BP = 80 / 50mmHg), and was transferred to ICU at Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital. The patient was treated for mechanical ventilation and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) for 12 days. After recovery, he was separated from the ventilator and was discharged on the 14th day.
CONCLUSION: In acute pulmonary edema after drowning, administration of oxygen and non-invasive ventilation is recommended. In the absence of response, tracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation are recommended
The Relationship between Chronic Diseases and Disability in Daily Activities and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in the Elderly
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic disease is one of the major causes of disability in doing daily activities. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between chronic disease and disability in daily activities and instrumental activities of daily living in the elderly.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the elderly of Amirkola. Demographic characteristics (age, gender, level of education and occupation), daily activities and instrumental activities of daily living were collected using a questionnaire. The ability to perform daily activities and instrumental activities was categorized as independently, with the help of others and completely dependent, and ultimately, completely dependent people and those using the help of others were placed in the disability group. The presence of chronic diseases in the elderly was characterized and examined by reviewing the medical records.
FINDINGS: Of 1,500 elderly who were eligible to enter the study, 832 people (55.5%) were male and 668 people (44.5%) were female. In this study, 38 people (2.5%) had a disability in daily activities and 723 (48.2%) had disability in instrumental activities of daily living. The number of associated diseases (p < 0.003, CI-95% = 1.08 – 1.46, OR = 1.261), cognitive impairment (p<0.009, CI-95% = 1.308 – 6.508, OR = 2.917) and old age had a significant relationship with daily activity. The highest significant relationship was between the instrumental activities of daily living and gender (p<0.000, CI-95% = 1.53 – 2.69, OR = 2.029), age (p = 0.000), education level (p = 0.000), the number of associated diseases (P = 0.000, CI-95% = 1.13 – 1.28, OR = 1.2) and cognitive impairment (p = 0.000, CI-95% = 1.487 – 2.596, OR = 1.965).
CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the presence of chronic diseases, especially cognitive impairment, is one of the effective factors in disability in daily activities and instrumental activities of daily living
Investigating the Effects of LED and QTH Light Cure Devices on Composite Hardness
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Light cured composites allow dentists to begin the process of polymerization on demand. According to the importance of curling on the mechanical properties of composites, the purpose of this meta-analytical study is to compare the effectiveness of light curing LEDs and QTH devices on the hardness of composites.
METHODS: In this meta-analysis review articles from the PUBMED, SCOPUS, and ISI databases were analyzed without any limitations in language or time, to compare the hardness of composites after curing with LED and QTH devices .Two analyzes were carried out with out any limitation in time or language, with a radiation intensity of less than 500 and more than 500 mW / cm2. The thickness of the cured composite in both groups was considered to be 2 mm. Non-matched articles with the variables mentioned in the study were deleted. Data were analyzed using the random effects model (α=0.05(.
FINDINGS: Using the random effects model, there was no significant difference between the hardness of 2 mm thickness of the composite after curing with LED and QTH at light intensity higher than 500 mW / cm2 (p = 0.43) but there was a significant difference (p=0.000)at an intensity less than 500 mW/Cm2.
CONCLUSION: The lightcure LED device was better in terms of its effect on the hardness of composites at below 500 mW / cm2 intensity than QTH, but did not show differences at higth intesity
The efficacy and safety of two different doses of caffeine in respiratory function of preterm infants
Get PDFBackground: Caffeine is widely used for prevention of apnea and helps successful extubation from mechanical ventilation. It facilitates the transition from invasive to noninvasive support and reduces duration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm infants. The optimum caffeine dose in preterm infants has not been well-studied in terms of benefits and risks. We compared efficacy and safety of once versus twice-daily caffeine dose in premature infants.
Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted in Bu-Ali Sina Teaching Hospital, Sari. Patients with gestational age of <37 weeks were included. Both groups received 20 mg/kg loading dose of caffeine intravenously followed by maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg/day in group 1 or 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours in group 2. Extubation failure, CPAP failure and possibly adverse reactions were evaluated.
Results: The mean of gestational age and birth weight were 32.27±3.23 (weeks) and 1824.5±702.54 (gr), respectively. The rate of extubation and CPAP failure and length of NICU stay were lower in twice-daily-group with no statistically significant difference. The means of O2 saturations on the first three days of caffeine therapy were higher in twice-daily-group. Caffeine was generally safe and well tolerated.
Conclusions: This study, which assayed short-term effects of caffeine, showed that twice daily caffeine maintenance dose was related to more benefits in facilitating extubation or prevention of CPAP failure in preterm infants. However, there was not statistically significant difference between two groups
Association the Study of Between Cpeb1 (Rs230846 C>T) Gene Polymorphism And Azoospermia/ Severe Oligospermia
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: : CPEB1 gene plays a significant role during gametogenesis. Due to remain unclear many causes of male infertility, we aimed to evaluate the association between of CPEB1 rs2303846 gene polymorphism with the risk of men with idiopathic azoospermia/ severe oligospermia.
METHODS: The present study is a case-control investigation, were performed on 100 peripheral blood samples of men with idiopathic azoospermia/ severe oligozoospermia and 100 blood samples of healthy men, who were referred to department of infertility and sterility of Tabriz Al-Zahra hospital from 2015 to 2017. The PCR-RFLP method was used to determine the frequency of genotypes and then compared the relationship between polymorphism and clinical parameters.
FINDINGS: The genotypes frequency of CEBP1 gene polymorphism CT+TT/CC did not show a statistically significant difference between groups (P=0.395, OR=1.273; CI=0.730-2.220). In addition, no significant correlation was found between genotypes and FSC, MSC and SMI clinical parameters (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Findings revealed that CEBP1 rs2303846 gene polymorphism cannot to be considered as a risk factor for idiopathic azoospermia/ severe oligospermia men
An Investigation of the Relationship between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver and Corticosteroid Use
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver is one of the major health problems in the society, which is mainly caused by obesity and the use of certain drugs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and corticosteroid use.
METHODS: This case-control study was performed on 76 patients with normal BMI in two groups of 38 (with or without non-alcoholic fatty liver). The groups were matched according to age and gender and were compared regarding at least 6 months of corticosteroid use and suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver.
FINDINGS: Of 76 patients who were included in the study, 51 (65.4%) were male. 26% (20 people) of the case group and only 3.9% (3 people) of the control group used corticosteroid. The results showed significant effect of corticosteroid on fatty liver disease (p<0.001). In addition, the two variables of gender and corticosteroid use could predict 32% of changes in fatty liver. In this study, odds ratio in men was almost 6 times higher than women (CI-95%: 2.04–17.54, OR=5.92) (p<0.001). The odds ratio of developing fatty liver disease in the corticosteroid group was almost 13% higher than those who did not use corticosteroid (CI-95%: 3.94 – 49.51, OR = 12.96).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the effect of corticosteroid use on the fatty liver, especially among men, is significant
In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Tamoxifen on Prostate Cancer Cells
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Considering the high prevalence of prostate cancer and the effect of androgens on its progression, this study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of tamoxifen as an anti-androgen on prostate cancer.
METHODS: In this experimental study, the human cell line (PC3) was purchased from the Pasteur Institute. The effect of tamoxifen at concentrations of 0, 3.25, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 μM on cells was evaluated, and the tests of viability, migration, colonization and cell morphological changes were respectively performed using MTT, wound healing, colonization, and giemsa staining methods.
FINDINGS: IC50 dosage of tamoxifen of 15 μM with a regression coefficient of 0.90 was obtained within 24 hours. The results showed that tamoxifen significantly inhibited proliferation with 7.3±0.6 colonies compared with 100 colonies of control (p<0.03) and migration with 278.4±1.5 μm groove diameter compared with 89.68 ± 0.9 μm of control (p<0.01) at the dose of 15 μM. Treatment of cells with a dose of 15 μM also causes changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm and causes apoptosis in comparison with the control group.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that tamoxifen has significant inhibitory effects on PC3 prostate cell and can be considered as an appropriate way for the treatment of prostate cancer