Repository of Research and Investigative Information
Not a member yet
797 research outputs found
Sort by
Vomiting recurrence after para-esophageal hernia repair according to foreign body ingestion: A case report
Get PDFBackground: Foreign body ingestion and food bolus impaction are among frequent causes of mortality in pediatrics.
Case report: An 18-month girl who had foreign body ingestion presenting with recurrent vomiting after para-esophageal hernia repair was referred to Amirkola Children's Hospital. She underwent open surgery, but the symptoms re-occurred. Endoscopic evaluation showed foreign bodies in the esophagus, removed by endoscopic basket.
Conclusions: After hiatal hernia or any esophageal surgery in children with recurrence of vomiting, the foreign body ingestion should be considered
Comparison of the Sedative Effect and Recovery Time of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl during Elective Colonoscopy
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Various medications such as propofol or midazolam are used with or without fentanyl as sedatives for colonoscopy. Dextroduromedine is a new sedative that activates the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in the brain and the spinal cord with sedative, analgesic and sympatholytic effects. The aim of this study was to compare the sedative effect and recovery time of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl during elective colonoscopy.
METHODS: In this double – blind clinical trial, 80 colonoscopy candidates aged 20-70 years old were randomly divided into two equal groups. 1 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine was administered to the intervention group and 0.5 mcg / kg fentanyl was administered to the control group before the start of the colonoscopy. Propofol (20 mg) was administered as bolus dose if needed during colonoscopy. The sedation rate was recorded based on Ramsay standard and mean bolus dose of propofol during colonoscopy. Recovery time and pain were recorded based on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before discharge.
FINDINGS: The two groups did not have a significant difference in terms of age, gender and sedation rate. The mean bolus dose of propofol in the fentanyl group was 72±14 and in the dexmedetomidine group was 7±0.24 mg (p=0.000). The recovery time in the fentanyl group was 4.38±2.38 minutes and in the dexmedetomidine group was 2.63±1.22 minutes (p=0.000). The pain after colonoscopy was 2.30±0.69 in the fentanyl group and 1.98±0.7 in the dexmedetomidine group (p=0.039).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the combination of dexmedetomidine and propofol are more suitable for colonoscopy compared to the combination of fentanyl and propofol due to shorter recovery time
Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Increased Life Expectancy of Male Patients with Gastric Cancer
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world, which is classified as a multifactorial illness. Most canceric patients experience a period of stress. Since being patient and positive thinking play an effective role in coping with chronic diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy group on being patient and positive thinking in gastric cancer patients.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 92 men with gastric cancer who were referred to the Tooba Medical Center in Sari who were randomly divided into two groups of 46 test and control groups. The two groups completed the standard questionnaire of positive thinking (150-30 points) and being patient (100-0 score) in the pre-test phase. The test group was trained of cognitive behavioral therapy for ten sessions of 90 minutes. The control group did not receive any special intervention. Then, both groups completed the questionnaires again in the post-test phase.
FINDINGS: The mean score of positive thinking before the test in the test group was (88.71±24.21) and in the control group was (94.54±24.23). The mean score of being patient in the test group was (26.66±22.20) and in the control group was (30.45±22.42) that they were not significant. However, in the post-test phase, positive thinking (test group 106.33±28.16 vs. control group 94.43±24.71) (p<0.01) and in terms of being patient (the test group 23±23.5) /40 versus 30.91 ± 20.89 control group (p<0.01) had a significant difference.
CONCLUSION: According to the results, -behavioral therapy group can increase being patient and positive thinking in patients with gastric cancer
Iranian scientific outputs in the field of energy and fuel, and their comparison with those of the Middle East countries
Get PDFBackground and aim: Today, the quantitative and qualitative research on the scientific outputs of various fields has been considered in universities and scientific centers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of Iran's scientific outputs in the field of energy and fuel and compare it with that of the Middle East countries.
Material and methods: In this applied and scientometric study, the data were collected by advanced searching in the Web of Science. These data were related to the energy and fuel from 1998 to 2017. HistCite and VOSviewer were used to analyze the data and draw the scientific maps, and Excel software was applied for statistical analysis.
Findings: The results showed that Iran had 10870 indexed documents in the field of energy and fuel. The highest number of documents was published in 2016. In terms of the number of documents in this field, Iran ranked 13th in the world and first in the Middle East. Moreover, in terms of international cooperation in the world and Middle East, Iran was the most cooperative with the United States and Turkey. The most common keywords used by Iranian researchers were optimization, genetic algorithm and exergy, respectively. Furthermore, by reviewing the topics in the most cited articles of the world, it was found that these articles were more focused on renewable energy while in Iran, more focused on non-renewable energy.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Iran’s documents had growing trend in this field. Although Iran has a good position in the Middle East in terms of the number of documents, it has a poor performance in terms of the number of citations and Hirsch index, which should be taken into consideration
Acupuncture for chronic nonpulsatile tinnitus: A randomized clinical trial
Get PDFBackground: There is challenge to find an effective treatment for tinnitus. Few studies were done on the effects of acupuncture on tinnitus. This study evaluated the effect of acupuncture on chronic non-pulsatile tinnitus.
Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted from December 2014 to September 2015. Patients suffering from chronic non-pulsatile tinnitus were randomly allocated into two groups: acupuncture vs. placebo. They were treated in 15 sessions and at the end of the fifteenth sessions and 3 weeks after completion of the treatment, visual analog scale (VAS) for tinnitus loudness and tinnitus severity index (TSI) questionnaires were completed.
Results: The case group included 26 males and 18 females, and in the control group there were 27 males and 17 females: with mean age of 49.11±1.07 and 55.20±8.33 years, respectively (p=0.005). TSI and VAS before treatment were 43.84±2.81 and 9.56±0.43 in cases and 43.52±2.94 and 9.54±0.45 in controls, respectively. Both measures improved after 15 sessions in cases to 24.82±1.04 and 2.88±0.33, and to 33.16±1.24 and 7.86±0.23 in controls. The changes of TSI and VAS were significant in all groups (p<0.001). TSI and VAS in acupuncture group were lower than placebo group in each session (p<0.001), except TSI in the tenth session (p=0.392).
Conclusions: Acupuncture is effective in reducing the loudness and severity of tinnitus and can be a useful treatment for nonpulsatile chronic tinnitus
Paraoxonase activity in metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents
Get PDFBackground: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of various interrelated risk factors that appear to have an impact as development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Epidemic of childhood and adolescent’s obesity has increased interest in the metabolic syndrome (MS) due to the potential projection into adulthood. The prevalence of MS in adolescents has been estimated to be 6.7% in young adults and 4.2% in adolescents. We aimed to study the MetS in children and adolescents with respect to metabolic changes.
Methods: The international Diabetes Federation criteria were used for the selection of cases. Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities were measured using spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was done using MyStat statistical software.
Results: Serum PON1 arylesterase (ARE) and lactonase (LACT) activities were found to be reduced significantly in patients with MetS than in controls. Regression analysis showed a significant correlation between PON1 activities and body mass index. Area under curve (AUC) found to increase from HDL to PON1 ARE to PON1 LACT.
Conclusions: From the present study, it is clear that in children and adolescents, reduction in PON1 activities in MetS is mainly due either to abnormalities with synthesis or secretion of HDL cholesterol or oxidative stress as a consequence of excess production of the free radicals. This study also iterates that it is the quality and not the quantity of HDL cholesterol which is important while studying the pathophysiology of MetS
Effect of long-term low dose prednisolone administration on bone mineral density: Relating to non-compliant women with rheumatoid arthritis
Get PDFBackground: Long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with prednisolone (PRED) is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) loss. This study aimed to determine the status of BMD in non-compliant women who used PRED alone for RA.
Methods: Non-adherent RA taking 6 months, and RA patients taking methotrexate +PRED (RA control) were compared with age-matched non-RA controls. BMD was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method and osteoporosis (OP) was diagnosed by WHO criteria. Influence of PRED on RA bone mass, and the risk of OP in RA was assessed by comparing PRED users RA and RA control,versus non-RA controls.
Results: Sixty-four PRED user RA, 39 RA controls and 111 non RA-controls, with respective mean (±SD) age of 52±11; 8, 51±11; and 52±7.5 years (P=0.91) were studied. Median duration of treatment in PRED users and RA control was 2.5 and 4 years, respectively. BMD g/cm2 at the femoral neck (FN-BMD) and lumber spine (LS-BMD) in PRED users and RA control was significantly lower than non-RA control (P=0.001). The prevalence of OP at either FN or LS in both RA groups was significantly higher than controls (P=0.001). In PRED users, the risk of OP increased by OR=4.9, P=0.001) and in RA controls by OR=1.7 (P=0.20). The risk of OP in PRED user RA was 2.89 times (P=0.014) greater than RA controls.
Conclusions: These findings indicate significantly lower BMD, and higher prevalence of osteoporosis in non-compliant women with RA taking low-dose PRED alone for a median period of 2.5 years, as compared with patients taking standard treatment comprising methotrexate +PRED
Cross-talks between the kidneys and the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis
Get PDFMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease, which is considered as a common autoimmune disorder in young adults. A growing number of evidences indicated that the impairment in non-neural tissues plays a significant role in pathology of MS disease. There are bidirectional relationship, metabolic activities and functional similarity between central nervous system (CNS) and kidneys which suggest that kidney tissue may exert remarkable effects on some aspects of MS disorder and CNS impairment in these patients compels the kidney to respond to central inflammation. Recently, it has been well documented that hormonal secretion possesses the important role on CNS abnormalities. In this regard, due to the functional similarity and significant hormonal and non-hormonal relationship between CNS and kidneys, we hypothesized that kidneys exert significant effect on initiation, progression or amelioration of MS disease which might be regarded as potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of MS patients in the future
Efficacy of different doses of ketamine as a bolus in major depressive disorder
Get PDFBackground: Major depressive disorder is a severe, heterogeneous, common medical illness and a leading cause of disability throughout the world that poses a significant public health issue. Previous studies have shown rapid antidepressant effects following a single administration of ketamine. This study aimed to assess the impact of route of administration and dose of ketamine for the reduction of depressive symptoms and compare the effects of different doses and methods.
Methods: A double-blind clinical controlled trial was done on 100 patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder who were assigned into two groups of 50 subjects at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg ketamine and each group was divided into two groups of 25 subjects following a single dose of intravenous bolus and infusion of ketamine. The patient’s severity of depression was evaluated with Hamillton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory scores after 2 days, 7 days, 30 days and 60 days of ketamine administration, then the results were compared between groups.
Results: According to Hamilton and Beck score, the treatment response in investigated patients was 64% and 60%, respectively.
Conclusions: These data suggest that ketamine effect is related to drug dose and type of administration. The dose of 0.75 mg/kg of ketamine is more effective than 0.5 mg/kg and a bolus injection of low-dose ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) is more effective than infusion and in high-dose ketamine (0.75 mg/kg), there was no difference between the methods of drug administration
Comparison of antibacterial effect of methanolic and hydro-alcoholic ziziphus spina-christi extract with 2.5 sodium hypochlorite on enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study
Get PDFIntroduction: Root treatment will not be successful, without a proper root canal irrigation with less disadvantages and antibacterial effect. The aim of this study was to compare antimicrobial effect of cedar extract and 2.5%NaOCl on E. faecalis.
Materials & Methods: In disk diffusion test, a standard suspension of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) was cultured on plate and different concentrations (0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45 g/ml) of methanolic or hydro-alcoholic extracts, 2.5% NaOCl and physiologic serum (as negative control) were infused on paper disks. The inhibition zone measured after 48 h. In microdilution test, serial dilution of methanolic and hydro-alcoholic extracts, 2.5% NaOCl and physiologic serum in 1:2 proportion was performed in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) culture medium. Then, standard suspension of E. faecalis was added to each well of micro plate. Data were analyzed using ANOVA.
Results: Hydro-alcoholic and methanolic extracts had antibacterial effect on E. faecalis. Inhibition zone of 2.5% NaOCl was significantly higher than that of other extracts (p<0.001). In microdilution test, E. faecalis bacterium was sensitive to both hydro-alcoholic and methanolic extracts but it was more sensitive to 2.5% NaOCl.
Conclusion: Totally, 2.5% NaOCl had the highest antibacterial effect on E.faecalis followed by hydro-alcoholic and methanolic extracts. NaOCl is an effective irrigant in root treatment until the studies like this can find a good alternative for it