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In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant activities of methanolic leaf extracts of Ocimum canum
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with a highly complex, multifaceted and intricate etiologies and thus may require management options that proffers multimodal mechanism of action. This present study evaluated the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of the methanolic extract/fractions of leaves of Ocimum canum. Methods: The antidiabetic potential was evaluated and using STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat model (in vivo) and inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity (in vitro).  Antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro by free radical scavenging and reducing power assays and in vivo via monitoring SOD and CAT activities; GSH and MDA levels. Results: The total phenolic content (221.0±3.0 mg catechol/g of sample) and tannins (146.0±4.0 mg tannic acid/g of sample) of the crude extract; and flavonoid of the aqueous-methanol fraction (216.0.0±1.0 mg of rutin/g of sample) were found to be significantly higher relative to others. The crude extract and the aqueous-methanol fraction exhibited a significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage reduction in fasting blood glucose and a concomitant increase in serum insulin level relative to the diabetic control group. The highest radical scavenging activity and reducing power were observed in the aqueous-methanol fraction. The aqueous-methanol solvent fraction also significantly reversed the alterations in oxidative stress markers occasioned by the diabetic condition. Conclusion: In conclusion, the result of the present study has demonstrated evidently that extracts of Ocimum canum leaves ameliorates hyperglycemia and the associated oxidative stress in STZ-induced rats
Barriers of molecular epidemiology in Iran: Action plan and necessary steps
Get PDFBarriers of molecular epidemiology in Iran:Action plan and necessary step
Comparison of bladder ultrasonographic and rigid cystoscopic findings in patients with hematuria
Get PDFBackground: Bladder cancer ranks ninth in world-wide cancer incidence and is 2.5-4 times more common in men, and painless gross hematuria is its typical clinical symptom. Cystoscopy is used to evaluate the cause of hematuria in bladder while the use and reliability of ultrasonography is questionable for this purpose. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare abdominal ultrasonography and rigid cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder tumors in Babol Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients who were candidate for cystoscopy referred to Babol Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Iran in 2017-2018. In this study, rigid cystoscope was used to view the bladder after doing sonography. The numbers, demographic information (age, gender and residence) and clinical characteristics (indication of cystoscopy, history of chronic disease, sonographic and cystoscopic results) of patients were recorded in the checklist. Results: The mean age of patients (37 (61.7)=males) was 58.65±14.26 (19-85) years and 48 (80) of them were >50 years old. The sensitivity and specificity of sonography was 71.43 (95 CI: 29.4, 96.33) and 96.23 (95 CI: 87.02, 99.54) in detecting bladder tumors, respectively. The negative predictive and positive predictive values in sonography were 96.23 (95 CI: 88.76, 98.8) and 71.43 (95 CI: 37.25, 91.33) respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that since sonography has high negative predictive values in evaluating hematuria; therefore it can be replaced with rigid cystoscopy for patients with lower risk of malignancy.  
The Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections in Iranian Hospitals
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nosocomial infections are one of the major health problems. As the length of stay in the hospital increases, the risk of mortality and morbidity increases, which ultimately increases the cost of treatment. Therefore, the present study was performed as a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of nosocomial infections in Iran.
METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in the range of the years 2001 – 2017. Articles related to the topic were assessed using Persian keywords “nosocomial infections”, “hospital”, and “Iran”, and their English equivalent in descriptive and cross sectional studies by searching online databases of SID & Magiran, PubMed and Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Analytical and interventional studies were excluded from the study list.
FINDINGS: 578 articles had the preliminary inclusion criteria, and with the removal of 568 unrelated or low quality articles during secondary analyses, 10 articles were finally included in the process of meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of nosocomial infections in Iranian hospitals was 4.6% (CI-95%: 2.6 – 8.1). The highest prevalence of nosocomial infections was in Sanandaj with 15.6% (CI-95%: 10.22–82.1) and the lowest prevalence was in Urmia with 0.4% (CI-95%: 0.1–1.01).
CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that nosocomial infection has a low prevalence in Iran, but more attention and control over nosocomial infections in Iranian hospitals is necessary to reach standard levels
The Effect of Citrus Aurantium Aroma on Sleep Quality in the Elderly with Heart Failure
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Poor sleep quality is one of the most common problems in the elderly with heart failure, and hospitalization exacerbates this problem. In traditional Persian medicine, citrus aurantium has been recognized as a sedative and inducer of sleep. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of citrus aurantium on sleep quality in the elderly with heart failure. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 80 elderly patients with heart failure admitted in selected teaching hospitals of Mazandaran province in two intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, aromatherapy with two drops of 10 citrus aurantium essential oil was performed on a cotton ball for twenty minutes for three consecutive nights and the control group received routine care. Sleep quality of the elderly was assessed before and after the intervention using the standard St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire (SMHSQ) (which assesses the quality of previous night's sleep in hospitalized patients).   FINDINS: The mean sleep disorder in the elderly before and after the intervention in the intervention group was 24.70±3.67 and 21.05±3.62, respectively, which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Mean sleep disorder in the elderly before and after the intervention in the control group was 24.37±4.48 and 23.75±4.71, respectively, which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The results showed that using aromatherapy with citrus aurantium can improve sleep quality in the elderly with heart failure
A Rare Case of Intravesical Foreign Body(Pencil): A Case Report
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The presence of foreign body in the bladder is a rare occurrence, which is often caused by the exposure of the individual him- or herself, or remaining part of the catheter, and the migration of medical equipment from adjacent organs or by a penetrating wound. Here is a case of a pencil in the bladder of a woman with mental retardation.
CASE REPORT: The patient is a 34-year-old woman who referred to a gynecologist with vague symptoms of abdominal and lower abdominal pain and a foreign body was detected in ultrasound on bladder. The patient was then referred to a urologist. There was no noteworthy point in the radiography. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis was performed to confirm the nature, shape and position of the probable foreign body, and a 71 mm long object was observed. The patient then underwent cystoscopy and finally, after observation of the foreign body (which was a pencil), the pencil tip was fractured by a mechanical crusher and through the hole created in the tip of the pencil, it was held by a grasper and was removed longitudinally. The patient was discharged with oral antibiotics. The symptoms were resolved and the patient had no complaints in the follow-up.
CONCLUSION: Considering the case reported here, it is necessary to examine abdominal and pelvic pain or urinary symptoms (even nonspecific ones) in people with mental retardation in terms of the presence of foreign body in the bladder and pelvis
The Effect of Eight Weeks of Continuous Endurance Training on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 Expression in the Heart Tissue of Rats
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The expression of adhesion molecules in the heart tissue is considered as an important indicator in the estimation of coronary artery disease risk. Since physical activity is effective in reducing symptoms of cardiac disease, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous endurance training on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in the heart tissue of rats.
METHODS: In this experimental study, 12 eight weeks male Wistar rats with an average weight of 263±12 g were randomly divided into 2 groups: control (n=6) and exercise (n=6) were divided. The training program included 8 weeks of running on a treadmill with a 70 to 75% VO2max intensity (five days a week and 30 minutes each day). The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 genes were measured by Real-time PCR and compared in two groups.
FINDINGS: The results showed that 8 weeks of continuous endurance training reduced the expression of ICAM-1 in the heart tissue. In comparison, there was a significant difference between the control group (0.29±0.05) and training (0.10±0.03) (p=0.017). In addition, it was shown that the expression of VCAM-1 in the heart tissue significantly increased in training group (0.85±0.04) compared to the control group (0.22±0.03) (p=0.001).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that continuous endurance training altered the expression of adhesion molecules in heart tissue associated with systemic inflammation, which could be a suitable solution for reducing fat deposits in the heart tissue and preventing its harm
Effects of Lateral Wedge Insole on Static and Dynamic Balance in Patients with Moderate Medial Knee Osteoarthritis
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with diminished joint proprioception, balance deficits and increased risk of falls. Patients with medial knee osteoarthritis are at higher risk of balance deficits and falling due to the development of secondary varus deformity. Therefore, it is of great clinical importance to identify the treatment methods that could improve balance in knee OA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lateral Wedge Insole (LWI) on static and dynamic balance in patients with moderate medial knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS: Thirty patients with moderate medial knee OA participated in this semi-experimental interventional study. Patients were recruited from orthopedic and rheumatology clinics of the university. For each patient, the static and dynamic balance were assessed in two conditions including wearing shoes with flat insole and wearing shoes with lateral wedge insole, using a Prokin stabilometer. The balance variables were the anteroposterior and mediolateral velocity and standard deviation of the center of pressure (COP) displacement, and total stability indices. Patients performed two familiarization trials, then, three actual trials with at least 30 s interval for each test.
FINDINGS: Wearing LWIs resulted in significant decreases in the anteroposterior (static:1.78mm/s, dynamic:6.63mm/s) and mediolateral velocity of COP (static:1.53mm/s, dynamic:5.58mm/s) in compression to wearing shoes with flat insole (p<0.001). The anteroposterior (static:1.04 mm, dynamic:1.57mm) and mediolateral SD of the COP (static:1.58mm, dynamic:2.02mm) were also decreased after using LWIs (p<0.007). Except for the anteroposterior stability index, other balance indices were also significantly improved (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that using a LWI improve static and dynamic balance in patients with moderate medial knee OA
Successful Pregnancy and Delivery after Uterine Rupture in Previous Pregnancy: A Case Report
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Uterine rupture in all layers is not only a serious complication of pregnancy but is also associated with maternal and fetal mortality. The usual treatment for uterine rupture is termination of pregnancy, and hysterectomy is necessary in most cases. Successful repair of uterine rupture in all layers is not only uncommon but successful subsequent pregnancy is quite rare. A successful pregnancy is reported in a woman with a history of complete uterine rupture due to intramural pregnancy.
CASE REPORT: A 28 – year – old pregnant woman, gravida 4, with a history of two abortions, and one delivery (stillbirth) was admitted to the high-risk pregnancy unit of Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital (Babol, Iran). She had a history of rupture of all layers of the uterus following intramural pregnancy in her third pregnancy, and at that time, she had undergone laparotomy and repair of the uterus. In the fourth pregnancy, due to the history of uterine rupture, she was under prenatal care in high-risk pregnancy unit, and after the onset of contractions at 36 weeks and 2 days, emergency cesarean section was performed for the patient, and the neonate was born with 10/10 APGAR score and a weight of 3000 grams.
CONCLUSION: In women who become pregnant after a history of rupture of all layers of the uterus and after the repair of uterine, prenatal and fetal care should be done carefully and cesarean section should be performed immediately after the onset of labor contractions
Comparison of Anthropometric and Conicity indicators in Students with Premenstrual Syndrome
Get PDFACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Body composition and body fat are important in the prevention of chronic diseases in people with premenstrual syndrome. This study was performed to compare the anthropometric and conicity indexes in PMS and healthy people.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 92 dormitory students living in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences over 18 years of age in two groups with premenstrual syndrome and healthy subjects. Anthropometric and conicity parameters were measured and compared in two groups.
FINDINGS: In this study, 46 (54.8%) patients in the PMS group with an average age of 22.02±1.51 years and 38 (45.2%) in the healthy group with an average age of 21.34±2.32 that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the test (p=0.08). In the PMS group, this disorder was significantly different from that of the healthy group (p=0.0001), and the anger and allergies and anthropometric indices were significantly higher in students with menstrual syndrome than in healthy subjects (see The order of p=0.003, p=0.007, p=0.001, p= 0.02, p= 0.01, p= 0.001), but the two groups did not have a significant difference in terms of conicity.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that subjects with premenstrual syndrome group had higher anthropometric indices than healthy subjects. But they do not differ in terms of conicity