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New modalities for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation: A review article
Get PDFEfficiency of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure has been shown in many published studies. In this review article, we introduced new modalities of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), clinical settings in which NIV can be used and a practical summary of the latest official guidelines published by the European Respiratory Clinical Practice. Clinical trials and review articles in four databases up to 25 February 2018 about new modalities of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation were reviewed. Commonly used modalities for treatment of respiratory failure include: CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) and BiPAP (bilevel positive airway pressure) or NIPSV (noninvasive pressure support ventilation). The limitations of the BiPAP method are the trigger and cycle asynchrony, inadequate volume delivery and increased respiratory rate. Newer methods, such as adaptive servo-ventilation, have been developed to treat central and complex sleep apnea and the NAVA (neutrally adjusted ventilatory assist) to improve the trigger and cycle asynchrony. In the proportional assist ventilation, unlike the pressure support ventilation, with increased patient effort (flow) the tidal volume increases and it prevents the increase in the respiratory rate and respiratory distress. High-flow nasal cannula is a non-invasive technique that does not provide respiratory support, but provides a mixture of oxygen to the patient. The use of non-invasive pursed-lip breathing ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients reduces dyspnea (decreases respiratory rate) and increases blood oxygen saturation. New modalities of NIV improve patient comfort and patient–ventilator interactions, and are recommended in patients with respiratory failure
Levels of C-reactive protein, creatine kinase-muscle and aldolase A are suitable biomarkers to detect the risk factors for osteoarthritic disorders: A novel diagnostic protocol
Get PDFBackground: C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase-muscle (CK-MM) and aldolase A (AldoA) levels are predicted to be realistic biomarkers of osteoarthritic disorders (OADs). The objective of the study was to evaluate the levels of CRP, CK-MM, and AldoA and determine their correlations with risk factors such as inflammation, muscle degeneration, and skeletal muscle damage for OADs. Methods: Baseline data from 297 patients, average aged 60.17±7.19 years, suffering with OADs for 5.75±1.32 years and 315 participants, average aged 58.96±8.63 years, without OADs were collected in this cross-sectional study. Separate analyses were performed for the participants with and without OAD symptoms confirming with X-ray or MRI. Blood CRP, CK-MM, and AldoA levels were estimated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, their respective 95 confidence intervals (CIs), and significance values were compared between participants with and without OADs to identify the risk factors for OADs in relation to biomarkers. Results: In patients with OADs, who exhibited degenerative changes on musculoskeletal joints and risk factors based on the elevated levels of CRP, CK-MM, and AldoA having their mean±SD values, 7.22±6.09 mg/L,135.2±78.56 U/L and 8.09±2.15 U/L, respectively. Their respective values of areas under the curves (AUC) of ROC curves were 0.76, 0.68 and 0.91 respectively, of which all exhibited highly significant differences (p<0.0001) compared with the control subjects. Conclusion: It is concluded from the results that the elevated levels of studied biomarkers represent the predictive above-mentioned risk factors during OADs; therefore, monitoring CRP, CK-MM and AldoA levels may be an effective diagnostic method confirming with radiological imaging
Ratio of Th17/Treg and Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Get PDFBackground: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by T-cells imbalance. There are ongoing controversies about the role of specific T-helper cell subsets and their cytokines. The study aimed to confirm the disturbance of Th17/Treg ratio in SLE patients. Methods: Subjects were SLE patients who met the American College of Rheumatology 1997 criteria. Disease activity assessment was measured by SLAM index. Th17 and Treg level was measured by flow cytometry. Th17 level was evaluated as CD4+L17 whilst Treg as CD4+Foxp3+. Final result is stated as Th17/Treg ratio. Results: Thirty female subjects with active SLE had mean SLAM Score of 29.3±3.88, C3 level 25.2 (6-59.5), C4 level 15.25 (5-54.3), ESR 62.1±37.85, CRP 30.16±59.45, and anti-dsDNA 155.32±186.10. Higher Th17 level was found in SLE patients compared to healthy subjects (30.09 pg/ml vs 13.01pg/ml; 12.60 vs 0.91). However, it did not correlate to disease activity (p>0.05; r=-0.28). Regarding Treg level, there was no significant difference between active SLE and healthy subjects (12.85 vs 11.05 pg/ml; 9.57 vs 2.05). Treg level negatively correlated to SLE disease activity (p<0.01; r=-0.73). Th17/Treg ratio was 3.28±2.22 and it positively correlated to SLE disease activity (p<0.01; r=0.78). Conclusion: Th17/Treg ratio is positively correlated with disease activity. Th17 level is elevated but not correlated with disease activity. Decrease of Treg level is not significant though correlated with disease activity in SLE patients
Levofloxacin-containing triple therapy versus bismuth-based quadruple therapy as regimens for second line anti- Helicobacter pylori
Get PDFBackground: Although the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection decreased following the hygiene promotion and application of proper anti- H.pylori treatments, unfortunately gradual increase is reported in treatment failure; hence, application of a proper treatment regimen as a second-line therapy is of great importance. Methods: In the current randomized, clinical trial, a total of 120 patients with peptic ulcers who failed to respond to treatment were enrolled. In the OLA group, a regimen of omeprazole 40 mg/day, levofloxacin 1 g/day, and amoxicillin 2 g/ day was prescribed; however, a regimen of omeprazole 40 mg/day, bismuth sub-citrate 480 mg/day, furazolidone 400 mg/day, and amoxicillin 2 g/day was administered to the OFAB group. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks, and 6 weeks after the treatment, the urea breath test (UBT) was performed in the subjects. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS Version 18. At the end, 58 patients in group OLA and 57 patients in the OFAB group were analyzed. Results: According to the results of the current study, 96.7 of the subjects in the OLA and 95 in the OFAB groups completed the treatment course and the eradication rates were 86.7 and 78.3 in the OLA and OFAB groups, respectively (P=0.23). Treatment side effects were observed in 51.7 and 11.7 of the subjects in the OLA and OFAB groups, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion: Both regimens were applicable as the second-line therapy due to insignificant difference between the results of the 2 groups; however, OLA regimen was superior to OFAB, due to lower side effects.  
Normal values of neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio, lymphocytes/monocytes ratio and platelets/lymphocytes ratio among Iranian population: Results of Tabari cohort
Get PDFBackground: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have a prognostic value in several types of diseases such as cancers and they vary in different races. So, we aimed to evaluate the normal range of these markers among healthy people to determine the normal value in Iranian population. Methods: In the present study, cross-sectional data of population-based cohort study named “Tabari cohort study” was utilized. In the first phase of Tabari cohort, 10255 participants aged 35-70 years from urban and rural areas of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran entered into the study. The study included a questionnaire survey and blood collection. Blood samples were collected after 12 hours fasting from all participants during the study. Hematological indices were measured for all samples using Celltac Alpha MEK-6510 K (Tokyo, Japan). Results: After sample exclusion, 2212 healthy subjects of Tabari's normal cohort population were investigated. The mean age of the samples was 47.9±9.29 years. The mean of NLR, LMR, PLR were 1.70±0.70, 11.15±3.14 and 117.05±47.73, respectively. Conclusion: Our investigation provides preliminary reference values for NLR, LMR, and PMR among Iranian population that can be used for disease progress in various clinical procedures
A cross-sectional study on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level and shift work among reproductive age women
Get PDFBackground: Among the inflammatory factors, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is one of the strongest predictors of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of serum hs-CRP level with shift work among reproductive age women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to May 2018 in three cities in Mazandaran Province, North of Iran. Through purposive sampling, 350 women (172 shift workers and 178 day workers) were recruited. The guideline recommended by the American Heart Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was used to interpret the result of hs-CRP measurement as the following: less than 1 µg/ml: low CVD risk; 1–3 µg/ml: moderate CVD risk; and more than 3 µg/ml: high CVD risk. The data were analyzed using the independent-sample t and the chi-square tests as well as the logistic regression analysis. Results: 11.1 of participants had a serum hs-CRP level of more than 3 µg/ml. This rate among shift workers was significantly greater than day workers (15.6 vs. 7.0; p=0.012). After adjusting the effects of potential confounders shift work significantly increased the odds of serum hs-CRP level of more than 3 µg/ml by 2.45 times (OR=2.45, 95 CI: 1.01–5.93, p=0.047). Conclusion: Shift work is a significant predictor of high serum hs-CRP level probably due to its association with sleep problems and occupational stress. Improving the knowledge of female shift workers about the importance of quality sleep can reduce their CVD risk and improve their health
A Case Report of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Breast
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breast sarcomas may be primary or secondary. Primary sarcoma of the breast is one of the extremely rare cases of breast malignancies whose possibility of occurrence is estimated to be 0.5 of all types of breast cancers and less than 5 of the all sarcomas .In this study, we present a woman with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the brest. CASE REPORT: A 40-year old woman with a painless palpable mass in the right breast refered to imam khomeini hospital of one year ago. According to mammography and cytology and with the possibility of breast cancer patient undergoing surgery and the mass was removed. Histopathology feature and positive immunohistochemical markers such as S100 and vimentin confirmed malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the breast (Triton type).Patient after mastectomy , radiation and chemotherapy regimen received and now, after 12 months no recurrence or metastasis has been seen. CONCLUSION: In breast cancer tumors, early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic such as surgery , radiotherapy and chemotherapy are recommended to incrase overall survival and improve their quality of life
The Relationship between Lifestyle and General Health of Elderly People Covered by HealthCare in Babol city
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The better understanding of lifestyle and elderly health can be helpful in designing and prioritizing interventions for chronic diseases. The overall aim of this study was to determine the relationship between lifestyle and general health in elders.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 500 elders over the age of 60 who had no cognitive problems were selected from the health center in Babol city; according to the systematic cluster random sampling method. Sampling was done from April to July 2018. The research tools were the demographic questionnaire, the Iranian elderly lifestyle questionnaire and the general health questionnaire (GHQ) that were completed by interviewing.
FINDINGS: The results showed that the Mean±SD age of the participants was 68.36 ± 6.5 years and 51.4% of the elderly had a favorable lifestyle and 66.4% had a desirable general health. The results showed that lifestyle and its domains had statistically significant reverse relation (p<0.001, R= -0.503) with general health and its subscales, except nutrition (p=0.06). The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that income, location and lifestyle variables had a significant effect on general health.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed that half of the elderly who participated in this study were at a desirable lifestyle status and general health. Lifestyle, location and income were effective variables the general health of the elderly. It seems that along with educational-counseling interventions to improve lifestyle and raise the health of the elderly, the need for financial support also should be considered
The Effectiveness of Religious-Spiritual Psychotherapy on the Quality of Life of Women with Breast Cancer
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers around the world that leads to a decreased quality of life. Since one of the supportive measures is the use of spiritual teachings, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of religious care on the quality of life of women with breast cancer.
METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2017 among women with breast cancer who referred to Qom health centers at least two months after their diagnosis. Seventy subjects were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. For the intervention group, 6 sessions of religious – spiritual psychotherapy were held with the focus of communication with God, other people, self and environment. The quality of life of the subjects was evaluated before the intervention, immediately after the intervention and two months after that using The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) with mean score of 0 – 100.
FINDINGS: The results showed a significant difference between the dimensions of quality of life in the control and intervention groups: total health and quality of life (57.61±9.42) vs. (60±19.51) (p=0.002), physical health (46.22±19.53) vs. (61.35±13.36) (p=0.016), mental health (57.85±24.16) vs. (67.55±13.24) (p=0.005), social health (54.88±24.44) vs. (62.79±18.35) (p<0.001), and environmental health (62.05±3.55) vs. (67.33±33.43) (p=0.048), indicating that the results were stable over time.
CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that religious–spiritual psychotherapy increases the quality of life of women with breast cancer
Citation analysis of the articles published in Scientific and Research Journal of Oceanography
Get PDFBackground and aim: The scientific journals are a valid method for communication of update information and a link among various fields of science through citation. The aim of this study was to investigate the citation of the articles of 28 issues published in Scientific and Research Journal of Oceanography (JOC).
Material and methods: This study investigated the citation of 290 articles published in JOC through citation analysis during 2010-2016. The data were analyzed using Excel.
Findings: Among 7512 citations of 290 published articles, the most citations belonged to journals (66.99%) and then to books (18.95%). Citation mean and authors' self-citation were 26.50 and 4.66% for each article, respectively. Collaborative contribution of men in published articles (73.96%) was more than that of women (26.05%). The most cited authors of Persian and English articles were Roshan Tabari and Ismail. The most cited Persian and English journals were "JOC" and "Aquaculture Nutrition", respectively. Collaboration degree of authors was 93.45% in JOC. Latin journals had the highest half-life with 13 years and 7 months.
Conclusion: Although this journal has an acceptable pattern in terms of collaboration among authors and usage of Latin resources, the high half-life of the cited references, particularly Latin journals indicates that the officials of journal must take appropriate measures for usage of up-to-date references by authors