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Comparison of serum magnesium level between asthmatic and healthy children
Full text linkBackground and Objective: Hypomagnesemia can lead to bronchial smooth muscle contraction and is associated with wheezeing, airway hyperactivity and impairment of lung function. The aim of this study was to compare serum magnesium levels between asthmatic and healthy children. Methods: This case-control study was performed from September 2018 to February 2019. Totally, 125 children (78 asthmatic and 47 healthy non-asthmatic children) aged 3-14 years referred to Amirkola Children's Hospital in Iran were entered to the study. Sampling was done using the available method based on inclusion criteria. Serum magnesium levels were measured in all children in the laboratory of Amirkola Children's Hospital. P<0.05 was considered a significant level. Findings: The mean age of children was 81.21±35.45 months, among them, 77 (61.6) and 48 (38.4) were male and female, respectively. The mean serum magnesium level of children was 2.08 and 2.04 mg/dl in the control and asthma groups, respectively and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.49). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, there is no significant difference between serum magnesium levels in asthmatic patients and the control group and it is not necessary to routinely measure magnesium levels in these patients
Effect of Cowś milk-free diet on chronic constipation in children; A randomized clinical trial
Full text linkBackground: Cow’s milk intolerance can lead to chronic constipation in children. The present study seeks to determine the effect of cow’s milk-free diet (CMFD) on chronic constipation in children who are not responding to laxatives. Methods: Seventy children suffering from chronic constipation (described as the Rome III criteria) were enrolled in an open-label randomized clinical study. Each group included 35 children aged 4-14 years treated with laxatives for at least three months with no improvements. The intervention group received CMFD plus calcium supplements for four weeks and the control group did not have any restrictions in consuming cow’s milk and dairy products. Also, both groups received polyethylene glycol (PEG; 1 gr/kg/day) and high-fiber foods (at least 10 gr/day) for four weeks. Responsiveness was described as a reduction in symptoms and signs according to the Rome III criteria after four weeks. Results: After four weeks, 25 (71.4) children in the CMFD group responded to the treatment compared to four (11.4) children in the control group (P<0.001). Significant differences were found between the CMFD and control groups in terms of the seven Rome III criteria post-intervention; history of large stools (25 vs. 53.6), large fecal mass in the rectum during examination (17.1 vs. 50), history of painful defecation (18.2 vs. 55.6), history of retentive posturing (10 vs. 46), ≥1 episode/week of incontinence (25 vs. 50, P=0.001), ≤ 2 defecations/week (17.4 vs. 52.3) and history of thick stool with toilet obstruction (22.2 vs. 52.3) Conclusion: This study showed that children with functional constipation with no response to laxatives could benefit from a cow’s milk-free and dairy-free diet
The serum lipid profile of Parkinsonś disease patients: A study from the Northwest of Iran
Full text linkBackground: Parkinsonchr('39')s disease (PD) is defined as a long-lasting, neurological illness. Low levels of serum lipid fractions are related with a high risk of PD. Current investigation was designed to evaluate the concentration blood lipid fractions in patients suffering from PD and compared with healthy subjects. Methods: This case-control study was conducted from February 2016 to September 2018 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. The present investigation consisted of 75 persons who had PD and 75 normal people. The blood levels of lipid fractions were measured by concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and total cholesterol. The results were analyzed with SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square, and studentchr('39')s t-test. Results: Serum level of TG was remarkably lower in patients with PD (111.92±8.75 mg/dL) compared with healthy subjects (123.64±9.97 mg/dL, P=0.008).  Furthermore, we saw an important difference in the level of LDL-C (P=0.001) and TC (P=0.004) between the two groups. However, there was not any observed meaningful difference in the serum concentrations of HDL-C between the studied groups (P=0.135). Conclusion: Our results showed that the serum concentration of TG, LDL-C, and TC are noticeably lower in the PD suffering patients. Further investigations are needed to provide comprehensive information on the participantschr('39') cognitive layout and subsequent actions
Semi-surgical percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy vs. conventional percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: A prospective randomized trial
Full text linkBackground: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is a common surgical procedure in the ICU. The present study was conducted to compare semi-surgical percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (SSPDT) with conventional percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (CPDT). Methods: The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 160 patients hospitalized in the medical intensive care units (ICUs) with an indication for tracheostomy and were systematically divided into two equal groups of 80. In the CPDT group, after a small incision, a 16-gauge needle was blindly inserted into the trachea and the guidewire was placed inside the lumen. A stoma was created by passing a single dilator over the guidewire. In the SSPDT group, a transverse incision (2 cm) was made 1 cm below the cricoid, and the tracheal ring was then fully reached by releasing the subcutaneous tissues using the index figure, and PDT was then performed. The two groups were compared in terms of their tracheostomy complications (including bleeding, pneumothorax, stoma infection and accidental decannulation) and duration of the procedure. Results: The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age, gender, mean APACHE score (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the mean time from tracheal intubation to tracheostomy (P=0.869). The duration of the procedure was 5.16±1.72 minutes in the SSPDT group and 6.42±1.71 in the CPDT group (P<0.001). The complication rate was 7(8.75) in the SSPDT group and 16(20) in the CPDT group (P=0.043). Conclusion: SSPDT is safer and has fewer complications than CPDT in ICU patients
Shear bond strength of composite to primary enamel teeth treated with different concentrations and various molecular weights of chitosan
Full text linkIntroduction: Today, chitosan has a wide usage in Dentistry. Due to its penetration into tooth tissues, inhibition of the acid penetration and anti-demineralization capabilities, chitosan may interfere with the etching mechanism in the bonding restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan with different concentrations and molecular weight on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite to deciduous teeth's enamel.
Material & Methods: In this in vitro trial, 50 deciduous anterior human maxillary teeth, which extracted because of orthodontic treatment plan, were selected and divide evenly between groups. In the control specimens, Filtek Z250 composite were packed on buccal teeth surfaces after using self-etch primer single bond universal and light-cured. In four next groups the teeth were immersed into chitosan solution with low and high molecular weights and 5 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml concentrations for 60 seconds and restored with composite as control groups. The SBS of composite to the teeth enamel were determined with Universal testing machine. Data was analyzed by SPSS-18 software using one-way ANOVA and p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The SBS to enamel in the control specimens were 20.98±6.31 MPa. The values were 17.92±7.25, 16.02±6.03, 13.26±5.18 and 17.67±8.95 MPa in the pretreatment with low molecular weight chitosan in 2.5 mg/ml, low molecular weight chitosan in 5 mg/ml, high molecular weight chitosan in 2.5 mg/ml and high molecular weight chitosan with 5 mg/ml concentrations respectively. No significant differences were found regarding SBS between groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Despite a slight reduction in SBS of the composite to the enamel of the treated compare to control, use of chitosan in different concentration and molecular weight did not interfere with the SBS of composite to the enamel of deciduous teeth
Effect of different Vitis vinifera seed extracts on lactobacillus acidophilus and casei bacteria
Full text linkIntroduction: Due to the limitations of chemical antimicrobial methods in the treatment of dental caries, the recent studies have focused on the use of plant-derived antibacterial agents to inhibit tooth decay bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Vitis vinifera seed extract (VVSE) on Lactobacillus acidophilus and casei bacteria.
Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the VVSs were dried, the obtained powder was poured into separate containers to prepare aqueous, alcoholic and acetone extracts, and the desired solvents were added. After being placed in the shaker incubator and passing through the filter paper, the solvents were transferred to the plates. After cultivation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and casei bacteria in tubes containing Mueller Hinton Broth, the aqueous, alcoholic and acetone extracts were added to them. A tube with no extract was considered as control. The resulting samples were cultured on chocolate agar medium. The initial concentrations (2, 4 and 8 μg/ml) were not able to inhibit bacterial growth; thus, the higher concentrations were assessed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The data were analyzed using SPSS-17 via Chi-square, Mann-Witney and Kruskal-Wallis. Moreover, α=0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The MIC of aqueous extract was 32 and 64 μg/ml for Lactobacillus acidophilus and casei, respectively. The alcoholic extract stopped the growth of both bacteria at concentration of 128 μg/ml. The MIC of acetone extract was 64 and 128 μg/ml for Lactobacillus acidophilus and casei, respectively. So, aqueous extract was more effective than alcoholic one (p=0.016). However, there was no significant difference between alcoholic and acetone (p=0.1267) as well as aqueous and acetone (p=0.061) extracts.
Conclusion: Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract was more than that of alcoholic and acetone extracts. Alcoholic and acetone extracts had no significant difference in inhibition of bacterial growth. Therefore, it is possible to use aqueous extract of VVSs to control caries
Frequency of Maxillofacial Fractures among Patients with Head and Neck Trauma Referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol, 2018-2019
Full text linkBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Head and neck trauma and related injuries account for a high rate of mortality and neurological defects. Since maxillofacial trauma occurs alone or in combination with other severe injuries, this study was performed to determine the frequency of maxillofacial fractures in patients with head and neck trauma referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed among all patients with maxillofacial trauma who referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol in 2018-2019. Necessary information was collected via history, clinical examinations, facial radiographs and hospital records. CT scan was performed in patients with decreased level of consciousness, neurological symptoms or clinical signs of skull fracture. Data about age, gender, cause of injury, pattern of facial or head injuries, loss of consciousness and GCS score were recorded in the questionnaire and evaluated.
FINDINGS: The mean age of patients was 30.55±15.82 years. 44 patients (18.6%) were female and 192 patients (81.4%) were male. Out of 236 patients with head and neck trauma, the rate of upper face, midface, and lower face fractures were 3.4, 53.5 and 29.6%, respectively. The most common areas that were fractured were the Condyle (7.8%) and the Angle (7.3%) of the mandible.
CONCLUSION: The results showed that in maxillofacial fractures, the most commonly damaged area is the midfacial area
Comparison of shear bond strength(SBS) between E-max ceramic and composite resin with two methods of cementation
Full text linkIntroduction: Today, the use of all-ceramic restorations has increased due to their physical properties as well as translucency and esthetic appearance.The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) between two methods of e-max ceramic cementing.
Materials & Methods: The study groups were 1 flowable composite as cement (FC group) and 2) choice2 cement (C2 group). The samples were fixed to a KOOPA universal testing machine for SBS testing. Tthe data were analyzed using SPSS 20 through T-test at significant level of P˂0.05.
Results: The average SBS in the FC group was 10.41±2.17 and The average SBS in the C2 group was 13.28 ±1.52. There was a statistically significant difference between the SBS of both groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that ,the use of flowable composite instead of C2 cement is not recommended for cementing e-max ceramics
Effect of variability of central venous pressure values to prevent atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass grafting
Full text linkBackground: Atrial fibrillation is an arrhythmia that results from abnormal depolarization of the atrium.  Atrial fibrillation occurs in 5–40 of patients with cardiovascular bypass surgery, usually occurs on 2 to 4 days postoperatively. The aim of this study was Effect of variability of central venous pressure values to prevent atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass grafting. Methods: The present clinical trial study was performed on 150 patients undergoing cardiac surgery referred to Ayatollah Rohani Hospital of Babol. Patients were divided into 3 groups, with normal range pressure (8 to 12 mmHg), low pressure (less than 8), high pressure (greater than 12) based on central venous pressure measurements. Patients were evaluated every 4 hours to 72 hours for central venous pressure, AF incidence and urine output. Finally, the data are analyzed by spss statistical software. Results: In this study 79 (52.7) patients were male and 71 (47.3) were female. In examining changes in central venous pressure, the time effect also significantly increased central venous pressure. The results of independent t-test showed that the mean of central venous pressure changes in subjects with at day 16, second day at 16, 20, 24, third day at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours Atrial fibrillation. Significantly more than those without atrialfibrillation (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the study, central venous pressure changes the effect of time significantly increases the central venous pressure. Individuals with atrial fibrillation also had significantly greater central venous pressure changes than those without atrial fibrillation
The Purity of Alcohol from the Viewpoint of Shiite Jurisprudence
Full text linkBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Considering various applications of alcohol in human life in today's world, it is important to discuss whether alcohol is pure (Tahir) or impure (Najis). The present study was conducted to investigate its jurisprudential aspects from the viewpoint of Shiite Islam (one of the two main branches of Islam).
METHODS: This study was designed based on library collection development method as well as methods of reasoning by reviewing texts published on purity (Taharat) and impurity (Najasat) of alcohol and any intoxicating liquor. Qur'anic verses, formal legal opinions of religious scholars (Fatwas) and narrations (Hadiths= Record of the traditions or sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) were used here.
FINDINGS: There is disagreement between the jurists (Faqīhs) about the purity of alcohol. The argument of the jurists who believe in the impurity of alcohol is based on the fact that alcohol is an intoxicating liquor and that anything that is intoxicating is impure, and as a result alcohol is impure. In this study, both introductions of this argumentation are questioned by a careful examination of the narrations (Hadiths) and arguments (Dalil). That is, the arguments for the impurity of any intoxicating liquor has been criticized and if we assume that any intoxicating liquor is impure, it has been proved that alcohol is not considered an intoxicating factor.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that there is no reason for the impurity of alcohol, and we can rely on the formal legal opinions of religious scholars (Fatwas) about the purity or impurity of alcohol based on the principle of purity (Everything is purie until its impurity is proved)