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Evaluation of the developmental outcome in children with congenital hypothyroidism
Full text linkBackground: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrine diseases and one of the major causes of mental retardation in children. So we aimed to evaluate the developmental outcome of children with CH. Methods: This case-control study was performed on two 3-6-year-old groups of 100 patients. The case group was children with CH, referred to Endocrine Clinic of Amirkola Childrenchr('39')s Hospital (2011-2017) and the control group was healthy children and normal from other states. The Denver developmental screening test-II (DDSTII) was used to assess the developmental factors and disorders in four areas of gross motor, fine motor, personal-social and language. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi-square, and a p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of 200 children in the case and control groups was 54.62±15.72 and 59.68±15.64 months, respectively. In the case group, 45 and 55 of them had transient and permanent CH, respectively. All four criteria of DDSTII in the control group as well as gross motor in the case group were normal, but fine motor, personal-social and language were reported normal in 94, 95 and 93 of the case group, respectively. All subjects with abnormal DDSTII, had a negative neonatal screening tests. Conclusion: The results obtained from DDSTII indicated that 6 of children with CH had an abnormal development, all who had an onset of medical treatment over 30 days, which makes it important to screen the neonatal thyroid disease and diagnose this disease timely
Evaluation of wear resistance and fluoride release from glass ionomer covered with nanofilled self-adhesive coat: An in vitro study
Full text linkIntroduction: The resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) materials are hybrid materials including conventional glass ionomer and small addition resin. They have the advantages of both, such as adhesion to tooth structure, esthetics and fluoride release. The purpose of this study was to compare the fluoride release and wear resistance of two types of RMGI.
Materials & Methods: In this in vitro study, specimens for measuring the fluoride release were made with brass mold from two types of RMGI EQUIA Forte glass ionomer and Fuji II conventional glass ionomer. After incubating the specimens in a plastic vial containing 7 ml of distilled water, the release of fluoride for each specimen was measured on days 1, 7 and 15 using a PH/Ion meter device. For evaluating the wear resistance, 8 specimens were prepared using a brass mold in each group. Then, each specimen was exposed to 5000, 10000, 20000, 40000, 80000 and 120000 cycles in wear simulator. The specimens’ weight was measured by an electronic weight balance before and after each wear cycle. The data were analyzed by SPSS-17 through repeated-measurement ANOVA and independent T-test.
Results: Fluoride released from Fuji II glass ionomer was significantly higher in the first 24 hours and on day 7. During the day 15, the differences in fluoride release between the two glass ionomer groups were not statistically significant. (p<0.001). The EQUIA Forte glass ionomer exhibited significantly greater wear resistance in different wear cycles. (p<0.001)
Conclusion: Due to its good wear resistance, acceptable fluoride release, ease of clinical use and infection control, the capsular glass ionomer can be a useful material in people at high risk of caries, temporary restoration techniques, pediatric dentistry and root caries
The Relationship between Spiritual Health and Resilience in Hemodialysis Patients
Full text linkBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease is one of the major health problems in today's world that creates a threatening situation for the health and socioeconomic status of the affected person, his/her family and the whole society. Due to the fact that in chronic diseases, a spiritual crisis appears in the individual, this study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of spiritual health on resilience in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 130 patients undergoing hemodialysis in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol in 2017-2018. Data were collected and analyzed using Spiritual Well Being Scale (SWBS) (Paloutzian & Ellison) with a score of 20-125 at three levels of low, medium and high, as well as Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) with a score of 20-125 at three levels of low, medium and high.
FINDINGS: In this study, 5 (3.8%) patients had low, 81 (62.3%) had medium and 44 (33.8%) had high spiritual health. The mean score of spiritual health was 87.80±21.12 and was at a medium level. Furthermore, 6 patients (4.6%) had low resilience, 95 patients (73.1%) had medium and 29 patients (22.3%) had high resilience. The mean total resilience score was 86.63±19.48 and was at a medium level. The relationship between spiritual health and resilience was direct and significant (p<0.001, r=0.62).
CONCLUSION: The present study showed that spiritual health has a significant and positive relationship with resilience of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment
Different Stroke Scales; Which Scale or Scales Should Be Used?
Full text linkBackground: There has been considerable development in the clinometric of stroke. But, researcher is concerned that some scales are too generic, inherently and the insight may not be provided. The current study was conducted to determine which scale or scales should be used in stroke survivors. Methods: We selected 67 studies which published between January 2010 and December 2018 from Up to date, CINAHL, ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Elsevier and Web of Science with MeSH terms. Inclusion criteria were: clinical trials, prospective studies, retrospective cohort studies, or cross-sectional studies; original research in adult human stroke survivors. We excluded the following articles: non-adult population; highly selected studies or treatment studies without incidence data; commentaries, single case reports, review article, editorials and non-English articles or articles without full text available. Results: Face Arm Speech Test and Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale scales because of easy to learning and rapidly administrating recommended to use in prehospital, but there is not gold standard in stroke diagnosis in prehospital. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale valuable in the acute stage for middle cerebral artery, not chronic or long term post stroke outcome. The Barthel Index scores at approximately three weeks could predict activities of daily living disabilities at 6 months. Conclusion: Every scale has advantage and disadvantage and we not able to introduce gold standard for each item, but some special scale was more used in studies, preferred for comparing with other studies to match the research results
Frequency of Oral Lesions and Its Relationship with Some Variables
Full text linkBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis of oral diseases affects the prognosis and treatment. Despite advances in oral health, there are still oral health problems worldwide. Considering that culture, gender, age, ethnicity and habits may have a significant impact on the prevalence of lesions, this study was performed to investigate the frequency of oral lesions over 10 years and its relationship with some variables.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the medical records of 1092 patients with various types of oral lesions who referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases of Babol Dental School during 2009-2017 were evaluated and compared based on year, age, gender, type of lesion (white and red, pigmented, vesiculobullous, orofacial and tumoral pains, and disorders associated with systemic and peripheral or central diseases).
FINDINGS: In this study, out of 1092 cases, 672 cases were related to female clients (61.5%) and 420 cases (38.5%) were related to male clients (p<0.001). The mean age of the subjects was 43.2±16.81 years. The highest frequency was related to white and red lesions with 305 cases (27.9%), which was 193 cases in women (28.7%) and 112 cases in men (26.7%) (p<0.001). The highest frequency of lesions was related to the cheeks with 351 cases (32.1%) including 235 cases (35%) in women and 116 cases (27.6%) in men (p<0.01). The lowest frequency was observed in the floor of mouth in 68 cases (6.2%). Tumoral lesions had a higher mean age of involvement than other lesions (p<0.001). The frequency of orofacial pain and burning symptoms in women was significantly higher than men (p=0.006).
CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that the frequency of white and red lesions of the mouth is more than other cases and its most common location is in the buccal mucosa. The frequency of lesions also has a significant positive relationship with female gender
Relationship between Sleep Quality and Job Stress in nurses during the outbreak of covid_19
Full text linkBackground and Objective: Nurses at the forefront were concerned about experiencing high levels of job stress due to their initiative and that of family members, lack of personal protection, and tolerance of protective cover during the Covid-19 outbreak. Tolerating this stress on a regular basis may lead to physical illness and reduced sleep quality. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sleep quality and job stress of nurses in the Covid-19 outbreak.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 102 nurses working in Imam Sajjad (AS) Ramsar and Shahid Rajaei Tonekabon Hospitals were selected using an available sampling method. A questionnaire of Pittsburgh sleep quality and nurses' job stress was used to collect information. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.
Findings: Based on the results, the average work experience of 102 nurses 27 (5.26%) males and 73 (71.6%) females was 15.14 ± 7.7 years. The mean total score of nurses' sleep quality was 15.5±8.7 (undesirable). The nurses' stress level was 82.16 ±18.98 (very high). The Pearson correlation test indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between sleep quality and job stress (P-value=0.001).
Conclusion: The results showed that the quality of nurses’ sleep was unfavorable which could be due to the job stress of nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic. Nursing managers need to help improve the physical and mental health of nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic by holding workshops on coping strategies and improving sleep quality
Evaluation of apical foramen position and distance from the anatomical apex of roots in anterior maxillary teeth by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a selected Iranian population
Full text linkIntroduction: Enough knowledge of the internal anatomy and apical foramen of a tooth has always been a fundamental prerequisite for root canal therapy. The current study aimed to determine the position and distance of apical foramen to anatomical apex in maxillary anterior teeth in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the Iranian population.
Materials& Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, CBCT scans of 250 patients referred to a dental clinic in the city of Babol, Mazandaran province, are investigated. The inclusion criteria were being aged 18 to 70 years, and having maxillary teeth from right canine to left canine. The exclusion criteria were history of trauma in the anterior of maxilla, the openness of the apex, not finding the apex, endodontically treated tooth, surgery in the apical area, and dental anomalies. Maxillary anterior teeth were examined for apical foramen position and radiographic foramen-apex distance by CBCT in coronal and sagittal planes. Age, gender, and quadrant of teeth were recorded, and their association with radiographic foramen-apex distance was investigated. Finally, data were analyzed using ANOVA and Independent T-test with P≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean foramen-apex distance in central incisor teeth was 0.53±0.28 mm, in lateral incisor teeth was 0.56±0.31 mm, and in canine teeth was 0.76±0.39 mm. The frequency of apical foramen position in central and lateral teeth was 34.1% and 22.6% centrally, and in canine teeth was 20% distally, respectively. Age and quadrant had no effect on foramen-apex distance. The radiographic foramen-apex distance was higher in men than women, which was statistically significant (P-value=0.003).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it seems that in the treatment of the root of the anterior teeth of the maxilla, if the working length is considered to be 1 mm shorter than the radiographic apex, it will be better
A Rare Case of Donohue Syndrome in a Neonate: A Case Report
Full text linkBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Donohue syndrome (DS) is an extremely rare and usually fatal inherited disease resulted from mutations in the INSR (Insulin Receptor) gene and delineated by severe insulin resistance with fasting hypoglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, and facial dysmorphism. Optimal treatment of these cases is unclear and most DS cases die during the first two years of life. Herein, we introduce a case of leprechaunism due to the rarity of this syndrome (one case in every four million birth) revealed by clinical and laboratory findings.
CASE REPORT: We present a 4-day old boy with an abnormal facial appearance, low birth weight who was admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) due to poor feeding and jaundice. The patient had coarse facies, hypertrichosis, abdominal distention, genitomegaly, and acanthosis nigricans. Laboratory examinations revealed fasting hypoglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. The diagnosis of Donohue Syndrome was characterized by the combination of dysmorphic features and biochemical results. Supportive care such as normalizing blood glucose and continuous feeding was initiated. He was discharged with good condition several days later but was admitted again at 6 months of age due to sepsis and then died.
CONCLUSION: According to the present case report, close monitoring of blood glucose as well as caring to prevent infection and sepsis is recommended
Red blood cell indexes and laboratory findings in stage III of retinopathy of prematurity
Full text linkBackground and Objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a progressive neovascular retinal disorder in neonates. This study investigated the possible correlation of hematological and biochemical laboratory indexes with the plus disease and the neovascularization of the iris (NVI) statuses in stage III ROP patients. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 124 stages III ROP patients (a) 58 cases with plus disease and 66 cases without plus disease, (b) 7 cases with NVI and 117 cases without NVI in the Ophthalmology center of Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol, Iran. All ophthalmologic examinations were performed according to the international classification of retinopathy of prematurity (ICROP) criteria. The hematopoietic/biochemical parameters, i.e., WBC, Hb, Plt, Na, K, Ca, CRP, T4, TSH, PCO2, PO2, HCO3, SpO2, MCV, and MCH, were evaluated based on standard protocols. Findings: The MCV in patients with and without plus disease were 84.88±22.274 and 94.12±14.419 fl/cell in ROP patients, respectively; (p=0.012). Also, the MCH in patients with and without the plus disease were 30.12±3.649 and 31.99±5.149 pg/cell, respectively (p =0.033). Our results showed that CRP is higher in patients with plus disease (16.11±29.403 mg/L) than patients without plus disease (3.25±2.633 mg/dl); (p=0.033). Also, SpO2 was significantly higher in stage III ROP patients with NVI (64.00±13.730%) compared to non-NVI patients (75.58±16.135%); (p=0.043). Conclusion: NVI and plus disease statuses in stage III ROP are associated with CRP, SpO2, MCV, and MCH. It may be related to dysregulated hematopoiesis or transfusion. Other studies are recommended to investigate these associations
Comparison of Diagnostic Power of MRCP and ERCP in the Diagnosis of Bile Duct Stones
Full text linkBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Examination of bile ducts and pancreas by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are two methods in the diagnosis of biliary tract diseases. Since ERCP is more invasive than MRCP, this study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of MRCP compared to ERCP.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 130 patients over 18 years of age who were suspected of common bile duct stone, also known as choledocholithiasis, based on tests and clinical examinations. MRCP was performed first and then ERCP was performed and the results of these two methods were compared.
FINDINGS: The mean age of the subjects was 59.6±13.7 years. 53 were male (40.8%) and 77 were female (59.2%). Stone was reported with MRCP in 91 patients (70%) and ERCP in 96 patients (73.8%). The sensitivity of MRCP in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones compared to ERCP was 88.5% while the the specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic value of MRCP in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones compared to ERCP were 82.3%, 93.4%, 71.7%, 86.1%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that MRCP has a high diagnostic power in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones. Therefore, it can be used as a primary method to detect the presence or absence of common bile duct stones