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Social media use and propaganda techniques: An evaluation of the Ukraine-Russia war
No full textPropaganda, which is used to spread an idea or a doctrine, is one of the most effective communication and persuasion tools used from the past to the present. Propaganda passed in the communication process. It was first done face-to-face, and then it took place in writing with the emergence of the printing press. It was made by using mass media such as newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, which were common in the 19th and 20th centuries. When it comes to the 21st century, it is mostly done virtually in an interactive way on social media or digital media, which are Web 2.0 tools. Therefore, a change and transformation are taking place in the techniques of using propaganda in communication with new technologies. With the converged communication technologies, propaganda has been made more effective in recent years. In this study, primarily propaganda and mass media are emphasized. Afterward, the photograph is evaluated as a visual propaganda tool. Finally, the Sputnik News Agency of Russia in the context of the Ukrainian-Russian War is evaluated
Autologous platelet-rich plasma treatment in a dog with vincristine extravasation injury
No full textExtravasation of vincristine sulfate (VS) is a common complication encountered during canine transmissible venereal tumor treatment and other hematopoietic neoplasms, such as lymphoma and leukemias. The leakage of the chemotherapeutic agent may result in soft tissue damage leading to ulceration and necrosis. Studies have shown that platelet-rich plasma consists of growth factors and cytokines, thus plays a crucial role in wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma and antimicrobial wound dressing for the treatment of VS extravasation-related acute full-thickness skin wounds. A male Aksaray Malakli shepherd dog (3 years old) was brought to our clinic with a wound on the left forelimb which appeared two days after intravenous injection of VS. Extravasation was suspected. A total of 3.5 mL autologous platelet-rich plasma was injected into the wound margins and an antimicrobial dressing containing chlorhexidine acetate was used weekly to close the wound. The wound healed without any complications in 6 weeks. It was concluded that autologous platelet-rich plasma treatment is a simple and cost-effective method for the treatment of VS extravasation-related acute full-thickness skin wounds
Performance of the systemic immune-inflammation index in predicting survival to discharge in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Get PDFTo investigate whether the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) could be used as a prognostic marker of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: We evaluated patients aged 18 years and older, who presented to the emergency department (ED) due to OHCA between January 2019 and December 2021 and achieved the return of spontaneous circulation after successful resuscitation. Routine laboratory tests were obtained from the first blood samples measured following the patients’ admission to ED. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated by dividing the neutrophil and platelet counts by the lymphocyte count. SII was calculated as platelets × neutrophils / lymphocytes. Results: Among the 237 patients with OHCA included in the study, the in-hospital mortality rate was 82.7%. The SII, NLR, and PLR values were statistically significantly lower in the surviving group than in the deceased group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SII [odds ratio (OR): 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56–0.84, p = 0.004] was an independent predictor of survival to discharge. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the power of SII to predict survival to discharge [area under the curve (AUC): 0.798] was higher than either NLR (AUC: 0.739) or PLR (AUC: 0.632) alone. SII values below 700.8% predicted survival to discharge with 80.6% sensitivity and 70.7% specificity. Conclusion: Our findings showed that SII was more valuable than NLR and PLR in predicting survival to discharge and could be used as a predictive marker for this purpose
Characterization of the co-seismic pattern and slip distribution of the February 06, 2023, Kahramanmaraş (Turkey) earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) with a dense GNSS network
No full textTwo consecutive earthquakes with the magnitudes of Mw 7.7 and 7.6 (February 06, 2023) occurred on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) segments and unfortunately resulted in significant devastation to human life and cities in Turkey and Syria. In this study, we aimed to analyse the co-seismic displacements and fault slip distributions of these seismic events. Our unique high-spatial-resolution Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network (comprising 73 permanent GNSS stations and 40 campaign observation sites), providing the recent geodetic dataset for the region, allows better constraint of the co-seismic surface displacements and slip distributions of both earthquakes. The three largest total displacements were identified as 466 cm, 362 cm, and 360 cm. The Fault interactions along the EAFZ were obvious during the consecutive earthquakes. The ruptures mainly occurred in the left-lateral components of the fault segments, with the maximum slips of 7.25 m and 9.43 m for the first event along the EAFZ and the second event on the Çardak Fault, respectively
Power and Death: A General Evaluation on the Causes of Death of the Sultans in the Mamluk State (1250-1517)
Get PDFBu çalışmayla, Orta Çağ’ın pek çok açıdan önemli ve güçlü kabul edilen devletlerinden birisi olan Memlûk Devleti’nin, siyasi tarihi bakımından en dikkat çekici konularından birisi olan, Sultanların ölüm sebepleri ve bunun devletin siyasi iktidar ve saltanat anlayışıyla ilişkisine dair tespitlerimizi ve değerlendirmelerimizi aktaracağız. Memlûk Devleti’nde saltanat, bilindiği üzere veraset usulüyle intikal etmediği için her daim Sultan olmak için fırsat kollayan memlûklerin işgaline hazır bir vaziyette bulunmaktaydı. Bu durumda tabii olarak, devletin bekası üzerinde son derece etkili olup, saltanatın elde edilmesi ve Sultanların siyasi kariyerleri ve yaşamlarıyla doğrudan bir ilişkiye haizdi. Memlûk Devletinde Sultanlar, iktidarlarını büyük bir çoğunlukla askeri ve siyasi kabiliyetlerine istinaden elde etmişlerdir. Bu devlette güçlü, maharetli, kuvvetli ve kendisine bağlı çok sayıda memlûğu olan ve memlûkleri kendi siyasi kariyeri için çok iyi kullanabilen Sultanlar, tam manasıyla iktidarın sahibi olabilmişlerdir. Saltanatın askeri ve siyasi liyakate istinaden şekil aldığı bu devlette, doğal olarak Sultanların saltanatları müddetince, saltanat için her daim büyük bir risk söz konusu olmuştur. Bu risk ise, temelde memlûk sisteminin bizzat kendisinden kaynaklanmıştır. Zira askeri karaktere sahip Memlûk Devleti’nin temeli, Abbasi Devleti’nden itibaren, zaman içerisinde kuvvetlenen ve Memlûkler zamanında en mütekâmil haline ulaşan memlûk sistemine dayanmaktaydı. Bu devlette memlûk sistemi, siyasi mücadelelerin aktif olmasına yol açmaktaydı.In this study, we will convey our determinations and evaluations on the causes of death of the Sultans, which is one of the most striking issues in terms of the political history of the Mamluk State, one of the most important and powerful states of the Middle Ages, and its relationship with the state's understanding of political power and sultanate. In the Mamluk State, the sultanate was in a ready position for the invasion of the Mamluks, who were always looking for an opportunity to become the Sultan, as it was not passed on by inheritance. In this case, naturally it was extremely influential on the survival of the state and had a direct relationship with the attainment of the sultanate and the political careers and lives of the Sultans. In the Mamluk State, the Sultans obtained their power mostly due to their military and political abilities. In this state, the Sultans, who were strong, skilful, powerful and had many mamluks loyal to them and could use the mamluks very well for their own political career, were able to become the owners of power in the full sense. In this state, where the sultanate was shaped based on military and political merit, naturally, there was always a great risk for the sultanate during the reign of the Sultans. This risk stemmed from the Mamluk system itself. Because the foundation of the Mamluk State, which had a military character, was based on the Mamluk system, which was strengthened over time and reached its most perfect state during the Mamluks, starting from the Abbasid State. In this state, the Mamluk system led to active political struggles
Hybrinomials related to hyper-Leonardo numbers
Get PDFIn this paper, we define hybrinomials related to hyper-Leonardo numbers. We study some of their properties such as the recurrence relation and summation formulas. In addition, we introduce hybrid hyper Leonardo numbers
Snow avalanche susceptibility mapping using novel tree-based machine learning algorithms (XGBoost, NGBoost, and LightGBM) with eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approach
No full textThis study examines the use of snow avalanche susceptibility maps (SASMs) to identify areas prone to avalanches and develop measures to mitigate the risk in the Province of Sondrio, Italy. Various machine learning classifiers such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machines, and AdaBoost, as well as newer classifiers like XGBoost, LightGBM, and NGBoost, were used with 17 conditioning factors and 1880 snow avalanche samples. The XGBoost classifier was found to have the best performance and McNemar’s test results indicated that certain classifier pairs, such as RF-AdaBoost, RF-XGBoost, and XGBoost-LightGBM, produced significant predictions while others did not. The XGBoost classifier found that 19.31% of Sondrio was very susceptible to avalanches. Instead of providing a global explanation of the classifier models, the study employs a local eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approach called SHapley Additive eXplanations (SHAP) to give insight into how each conditioning factor contributes to the likelihood of snow avalanches. According to the SHAP values, the three most important factors in the XGBoost classifier model for determining the likelihood of snow avalanches are elevation, maximum temperature, and slope. The model shows that as elevation increases, the likelihood of avalanches also increases. On the other hand, a higher maximum temperature is found to decrease the likelihood of an avalanche. Slope is found to have a positive effect on the likelihood of an avalanche, meaning that steeper slopes increase the likelihood of an avalanche. This study also analyzes the avalanche susceptibility of ski resorts in the province and found that the majority of them are located in low and moderately susceptible areas, but some are in highly susceptible areas. The study used SHAP force plots to examine the local factors that contribute to the likelihood of avalanches in these specific ski resorts. The results show that ski resorts with elevations greater than 2000 m and slopes greater than 30 degrees, such as Livigno, Santa Caterina-Valfurva and Passo dello Stelvio, have a higher susceptibility to avalanches due to higher positive SHAP values. Conversely, ski resorts with elevations less than 2000 m and slopes less than 30 degrees, such as Aprica and Bormio, have a lower susceptibility to avalanches because of negative SHAP values. This study provides a valuable tool for creating new strategies to reduce the harm and damage caused by slow avalanches in the region
The optical design of a COB LED road lighting fixture model developed for M1 and M2 lighting class roads
Get PDFGeleneksel yol aydınlatma teknolojileriyle karşılaştırıldığında, ışık yayan diyotlu (LED’li) yol aydınlatma armatürleri; yüksek enerji verimliliği, daha uzun çalışma ömrü ve daha iyi ışık dağılımı gibi potansiyel avantajlara sahiptir. Bu çalışmada M1 ve M2 aydınlatma sınıfı yollar için uygun bir COB LED (Chip on Board)’li yol aydınlatma armatür modelinin optik tasarımı ve analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarım aşamasında, ışık kaynağı olarak Cree-XLamp-CXA1830 LED tercih edilmiştir. Seçilen COB LED ile uyumlu konkav-konveks küresel lensin 3D katı modeli, Zemax optik tasarım yazılımı vasıtasıyla modellenerek simüle edilmiş ve SolidWorks 3D tasarım yazılımında oluşturulmuştur. COB LED ve lens mesafesi Monte Carlo ışın izleme yöntemi (Monte Carlo Ray-Tracing Method) ile LightTools aydınlatma tasarımı yazılımı kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. LightTools yazılımı vasıtasıyla, COB LED modülleri ve 20 modüllü COB LED’li armatür modelleri için simülasyon çalışmaları gerçekleştirilerek, ışık dağılım eğrileri ve fotometrik veri dosyaları (IES, LDT) elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen fotometrik veri dosyaları kullanılarak, DIALux aydınlatma hesap ve simülasyon yazılımı vasıtasıyla, M1 ve M2 sınıfı yol şartları için aydınlatma analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. DIALux analizinden elde edilen yol aydınlatma parametreleri Uluslar Arası Aydınlatma Örgütünün (CIE) kabul ettiği yol aydınlatma kriterleri ile karşılaştırılarak armatür modellerinin uygunluğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada tasarımı yapılan COB LED’li armatür modelinin CIE tarafından tanımlanan M1 ve M2 sınıfı yol aydınlatma kriterlerini sağladığı görülmüştür. Çalışmada ayrıca, M1 ve M2 yol aydınlatma sınıfı kriterlerine uygun COB LED’li, özgün ve yüksek verimli bir armatür modelinin optik tasarım aşaması başarıyla tamamlanmıştır.In this study, the optical design and analysis of a road lighting fixture model with COB LED suitable for M1 and M2 lighting class roads was carried out. In the design phase, Cree-XLamp-CXA1830 LED was preferred as the light source. The 3D solid model of the concave-convex spherical lens compatible with the selected COB LED was modeled and simulated by Zemax optical design software and created in SolidWorks 3D design software. The COB LED and lens distance are optimized in LightTools lighting design software using the Monte Carlo ray tracing method (Monte Carlo Ray-Tracing Method). Light distribution curves and photometric data files (IES, LDT) were obtained by performing simulation studies for COB LED modules and fixture models with 20-module COB LEDs through LightTools software. Using the obtained photometric data files, lighting analysis was performed for M1 and M2 class road conditions by means of DIALux lighting calculation and simulation software. The suitability of the luminaire models was evaluated by comparing the road lighting parameters obtained from the DIALux analysis with the road lighting criteria accepted by the International Lighting Organization (CIE). In this study, it has been observed that the designed COB LED luminaire model meets the M1 and M2 class road lighting criteria defined by CIE. In the study, the optical design phase of a original and highly efficient luminaire model with COB LED in accordance with M1 and M2 road lighting class criteria has been successfully completed
The sharper version for generalized power mean inequalities with negative exponent
Get PDFIn this study, the generalized power mean inequalities with a negative parameter are refined using an optimality theorem on the generator function. The optimality theorem requires the study of different cases for the exponents and yields a refinement of the inequality in a neighbourhood of the vectors for which the equality occurs. Then, these local inequalities are generalized to all positive vectors by an appropriate selection of parameters. Also, some of the results are exemplified by numerical calculations
The effects of increasing levels of dietary sodium bentonite on performance, carcass indices, blood chemistry and meat quality in Japanese quails
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the effect of the inclusion of sodium bentonite (SB) in Japanese quails’ diet on performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical status, and meat quality traits. A total of 120 seven-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were randomly divided into four groups, with each group containing five replicates, six birds each. SB was mixed with the diet at four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%). Performance indicators were determined for an experimental period of six weeks. At the end of the experiment, 2 quails from each replicate were slaughtered and carcass traits were measured. The blood serum biochemical values, antioxidant status, and meat quality indicators were determined from blood and breast meat samples. The results showed that SB supplementation significantly improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 2-7 week period, the relative weight of the proventriculus, glucose and total cholesterol (TC) and a* (redness) colour traits in meat. Moreover, the total oxidant status (TOS) in blood serum and malondialdehyde (MDA) values were decreased with SB addition to Japanese quails’ diet. Hence, dietary SB supplementation could be used to improve the performance and antioxidant status in Japanese quails