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A Levantine Building in Mersin: Old 3 Ocak Primary School (Capuchin Monks House)
Get PDFTarihi binaların günün ihtiyaçlarına göre yeniden işlevlendirilmesi, mimari koruma ve restorasyon alanında uzun yıllardır süren tartışmalar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, bulunduğu bölgenin demografik yapısı ile şekillenen ve günümüzde önemli bir kültürel değeri ortaya çıkaran tarihi bir binanın, yeniden işlevlendirmesi sonucu yıllar içerisindeki dönüşümü sonrasında yapının barındırdığı tarihi kimliğin tipolojisini tespit etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Mersin’de, önemli bir kültürel mirası barındıran levanten yapılarını incelemek, bölgenin tarihi değerlerini ortaya koymak açısından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada, Mersin’de levanten yapılarının genel olarak ele alınması ile birlikte St. Antuan Latin Katolik (Katedral) Kilisesi Kompleksi’ne yer verilmiştir. Beraberinde kompleks içerisinde yer alan ve günümüzde restorasyon süreci devam eden Eski 3 Ocak İlkokulu yapısı incelenmiştir. Tarihi binanın dönüşümündeki önemli süreçler yerinde yapılan gözlem ile literatürdeki mevcut çalışmalar ve yerel kurumlardaki belgeler ışığında tespit edilmiştir. Yapının barındırdığı ve ortaya konulan dikkat çekici mimari değerleri, inşa edildiği dönemin kültürel ve mimari özellikleri ile birlikte ele alınarak değerlendirmelere yer verilmiştir. İncelenen Eski Üç Ocak İlkokul binasının, dönemin geleneksel Mersin ve levanten yapıları ile benzer özellikler taşıdığı görülmüştür. Çalışmada, demografik yapının etkisiyle oluşan farklı yapı tiplerinin, hem farklı bölgedeki aynı demografik yapının oluşturduğu yapılar ile hem de bölgedeki mevcut geleneksel yapılar ile tipolojik olarak benzerlik gösterebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile günümüzde özgün değeri yüksek olan ve hakkında yapılan çalışmanın yetersiz olduğu Mersin Levanten yapılarının belgelenmesine ve korunmasına dikkat çekmek ve konuya ilişkin araştırmaların önünü açmak amaçlanmaktadır.Cultural assets are referred as the sum of the economic, social and cultural history of a civilization. For this reason, restoration, preservation and all kinds of interventions for this valuable heritage are of great importance. Reusing historical buildings according to the needs of the day is among the ongoing discussions in the field of architectural preservation and restoration. This study aims to determine the typology of the historical identity of a historical building, which is shaped by the demographical properties of the region and which reveals an important cultural value today, after its transformation over the years as a result of reusing. Examining the Levantine structures in Mersin, which have an important cultural heritage, is important in terms of revealing the historical values of the region. Mersin, located in the Mediterranean region of Türkiye, is one of the most important port cities of the country. This situation has caused the demographic to differ in the city and various historical buildings such as churches, monasteries, mosques, kulliyes, traditional houses were designed in different styles. There are many studies investigating these structures in the literature, but there is no current study on the Levantine building that emerged as a result of the different demographical properties in Mersin. In this study, the Old Üç Ocak Primary School, which is a Mersin Levantine building, was discussed and it was aimed to fill this gap in the literature and to make a documentation study of the structure.
In the study, the Latin-Italian Catholic (Cathedral) Church Complex is included, together with the general consideration of the Levantine buildings in Mersin. The Old 3 Ocak Primary School, which is located in the complex and whose restoration process continues today, has been examined. In line with the determined goals, first of all, the important processes in the transformation of the historical school were determined in the light of the existing studies in the literature and documents in local institutions, together with on-site observations. The determined information is discussed under three headings as plan, facade and material and technical features. The remarkable architectural values that the building contains and revealed, together with the cultural and architectural features of the period in which it was built, are evaluated. Within the scope of the evaluations, it has been seen that the examined Old 3 Ocak Primary School building has similarities with the traditional Mersin and Levantine buildings. It has been concluded that the different building types formed by the effect of the demographical properties may show typological similarities with the structures formed by the same demographical properties in a different region and with the existing traditional buildings in the region. Since the preparation of the survey and restitution projects and the restoration of the building will not be sufficient alone for the preservation of historical buildings and cultural heritage, it will provide more effective preservation, as in the Old Üç Ocak Primary School, where its sustainable preservation is addressed with the proper reusing and continuous use of a historical building. With this study, it is aimed to draw attention to the documentation and preservation of Mersin Levantines, which have a high original value
The distribution and the antimicrobial susceptibility features of microorganisms isolated from the burn wounds; a ten-year retrospective analysis
No full textIn this study we aimed to evaluate the distribution features and antimicrobial susceptibility test results of the microorganisms isolated from the wounds of pediatric and adult burn patients. The culture and susceptibility test results of the microorganisms isolated from the wound swabs of the patients hospitalised in a tertiary burn care center in 10-years period, were retrospectively screened on the microbiology department databases. Their distribution of isolated microorganisms regarding species and susceptibility test results were compared with previous studies. A total of 367 microorganisms isolated from the burn wounds of 293 patients (13± 18.9 years, F/M: 0.93) (73 adult and 220 pediatric patients), were included in this study. A solitary agent was isolated in 239 (81.6%) patients, while two were isolated in 43 (14.7%) and three or more agents in 11 (3.8%). From these, 33% of the isolated microorganisms were gram positive cocci, 61% were gram negative bacteria and 6% were Candida spp. The most common isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus (18.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (16.9) and Escherichia coli (%11.2), while the least common was Streptococcus spp. (2.5%). Methicillin resistance was 15% among the S. aureus strains. No resistance was observed against levofloxacin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, daptomycin, fusidic acid and tigecycline in S. aureus strains. The highest resistance rates were observed against levofloxacin (64%), tobramycin (64%), pip/tazobactam (63%), imipenem (63%), and the lowest against colistin (5%) and ceftazidime (29%), among Pseudomonas spp. The most common causative agents in burn wound infections and their current antimicrobial susceptibility features should be well identified, in order for prevention of serious complications and optimal management the condition to occur
Investigation of the Sensitivity of EU Countries to Temperature Anomalies in Terms of Economic and Technological Indicators
No full textIn this study, the interrelationships between global climate change and EU countries’ GDP, investments, R&D expenditures, innovations, and labor productivity
indicators are discussed. Global temperature anomalies are adopted as an indicator
of climate change and the relationsgip estimated with the panel vector autoregreesion (PVAR) approach for the period from 1996 to 2018. Results suggest that an
increase in atmospheric temperature has negative efect on economic growth, investment, and labor productivity. However, an increase in atmospheric tempetrature
increases patent applications by 0.4% in the long run. Moreover, while economic
growth and investments trigger temperature anomalies, labor productivity has a
negative efect on atmospheric temperature. The long-run coefcient estimation
results are confrmed by analysis, and the existence of strong dynamic relationships
between the variables is determined. Impulse–response graphs difer from these
results and emphasize that the efects caused by shocks should be considered temperature anomalies and EU’s technological and economic developments
Motivation and experience of tourists who prefer Airbnb in the sharing economy: Mardin case
No full textGelişen bilgi teknolojileri ışığında, Airbnb turistler için birçok avantajlar sunmakta ve uluslararası düzeyde yaygın bir kullanım ağına sahip olduğu gözlenmektedir. Airbnb turistlere konaklama açısından sayısız seçenekler sunmakta olan çevrimiçi bir uygulama özelliği göstermesine ek olarak maliyet açısından avantajlar sunması ve sahip olduğu kullanım kolaylığı ile dünya çapında gezginler tarafından tercih edilen önemli bir platform olmuştur. Tez kapsamında gelişen bilgi teknolojilerinin turistlere sunduğu alternatif konaklama seçeneklerinden biri olan Airbnb platformu kullanıcılarının, paylaşım ekonomisine katılım motivasyonlarını belirlemek ve kullanım sonrası deneyimlerini incelemektir. Tezin alan araştırması için nitel yöntem seçilmiş ve çalışma Mardin ilini ziyaret eden yerli ve yabancı turistlere uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın analiz birimini amaçlı örneklem metodu ile seçilen 9'u yerli 16'sı yabancı 25 turist oluşturmaktadır.In light of developing information technologies, Airbnb offers many advantages for tourists, it can be seen that it has a widespread usage network at the international level. Airbnb has become an important platform preferred by travelers around the world with its cost advantages and ease of use, in addition to being an online application that offers numerous options for tourists in terms of accommodation. Them aim of the thesis is to determine the motivations of Airbnb platform users in the sharing economy and to examine their post-use experiences. The qualitative method method was chosen for the field research of the thesis and the study was applied to domestic and foreign tourists visiting the province of Mardin. The analysis unit of the research consists of 25 participants, 9 domestics and 16 internationals, selected by purposeful sampling method
Advances and applications of nanomaterial-assisted phytoremediation
No full textNanotechnology has the potential to drastically transform the agri-food sector with
its significant applications to improve agricultural productivity and the efficiency of
agrochemicals. The food sector has benefitted from the inclusion of nanoparticles in
food matrixes and the nanoencapsulation of nutraceuticals. Smart packaging mate rials designed with the help of nanotechnology have been used for increasing the
shelf life of stored food products. Nanomaterials have been extensively used for the
delivery of important agrochemicals to enhance their bioefficacy, prevent their deg radation, and control their release. Various nanomaterials have been explored for
remediation of arising environmental issues. Nanotechnology has also made a useful
contribution to the utilization of huge agricultural and food wastes for production of
valuable products. The existing and emerging applications of nanotechnology will
contribute to environmental sustainabilit
El-Lümâ ve el-Burhân adlı kitapların kıyas bölümlerinin karşılaştırılması
No full textÇalışma, İmam Şirazi'nin el-Lüma adlı kitabı ve İmam el-Cüveyni'nin el-Burhan kitabının kıyas bölümündeki müstakil içtihatlarına ek olarak kıyas babında ele aldığı bölüme usulcü yaklaşımı ve iki yaklaşım arasındaki ortaklık ve farklılıkları ortaya koyan usulcü metodolojilerini karşılaştırarak açıklamıştır. Bu çalışmayı diğer çalışmalardan ayıran nokta Şafiilerin başını çektiği usulcü bir ekole mensup iki imamın iki yaklaşımının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Karşılaştırmalı yöntemin yanı sıra tanımlayıcı, tümevarımsal ve analitik yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bir giriş bölümü, iki ana bölüm ve bir sonuç bölümünden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde İmam Şirazi ve Cüveynî'nin bilimsel tercümeleri ve kitaplarının tanımı ele alınmıştır. Birinci bölüm, kıyas bölümünde İmam Şirazi ve Cüveynî'nin iki yaklaşımı arasında temel bir karşılaştırmayı, usulcü görüşleri akıl yürütme ile sunma ve aktarma biçimleri, anlaşmazlık konusunu açıklama, ifadeleri tartışma ve ihlal edenlere yanıt verme yolları ve görüşler için tercihlerini içermektedir. Son bölümde ise iki imamın kıyas, kıyasın aslı ve mahiyeti, kıyasın yetkisi ve çıkarımı, kıyasın bölümleri ve çeşitleri, kıyasın sebebini ispat etme yolları konularındaki görüşleri arasında karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma sayesinde İmam Şirazi'nin, mantık ve teolojiye müdahale etmeden, kendisinden öncekileri takip ederek usulcü ekole daha fazla bağlı olduğu görülmüştür. O, usulcü bir bilgindir.Görüşlerinin ve usulcü tercihlerinin çoğunda Şafii düşünce ekolünden pek ayrılmayan bir bilim adamıdır. İmam Cüveynî ise çıkarımlarda bulunurken, akli ve kelami delillerin aracılığıyla usulcü fikirleri genişletmiştir. Bazen kendi ekolünün imamı Şafii ve hocası el-Bakıllani'nin fikirleriyle çelişmiştir. O, içtihat olarak, kelamcı olarak, usulcü olarak, özgür fikirli biri olarak, alışılagelmiş düşünce ekollerinin dışındadır. Ardından sonuç bölümü önemli sonuçları ve tavsiyeleri ifade etmiştir.The study clarified the fundamentalist approach to the measurement section taken by: Imam Al-Shirazi in his book Al-Lama', and Imam Al-Juwayni in his book Al-Burhan, by balancing their fundamentalist methodology that revealed points of agreement and disagreement between the two approaches, in addition to their independent jurisprudence in the field of the measurement. What distinguishes this study is the comparison between the two approaches of two imams belonging to one fundamentalist school, which is the school of speakers, headed by the Shafi'is. Descriptive, inductive and analytical methods were used in addition to the comparative method. The research was divided into an introductory chapter, two main chapters, and a conclusion. The subject of dispute, discussion of statements, response to violators, and weighting between statements. The last chapter dealt with the comparison between the two imams' opinions in the topics of analogy regarding the origin of analogy and its essence, and the authority of analogy and its inference, and in the sections and types of analogy, and in the paths in proving the cause of the original, and in the ranks of analogies and weighting and weighting, and the inconsistencies and incongruities between them, and in the intentional view of measurement. Through this study, it is clear that Imam Shirazi was more committed to his fundamentalist school, following those who preceded him without interfering with logic and theology in it. And that Imam al-Juwayni more than expanded on fundamentalist ideas, through the massive collection of rational and verbal evidence when inferred. Scientifically and intellectually liberal, and outside the usual doctrines. Then a conclusion including the most important results and recommendations
A study for hydrogen evolution on Pt–MnCu electrocatalyst
No full textElectrocatalysts to be used in electrolysis, which is one of the hydrogen production methods, are very important. The development of electrocatalysts is related to the internal structure of combinated more than one metal. In the present work, the graphite substrate is coated with manganez (C/Mn), manganez-copper (C/MnCu) and this surface is modified with platinum nanoparticles (C/MnCu–Pt) using the electrodeposition method. Prepared electrocatalysts are used for characterization, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and stability using cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cathodic current-potential curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (CA). Hydrogen gas is measured in a basic environment by establishing an experimental electrolysis setup on these electrocatalysts. Results showed that binary MnCu enhances the characteristic current density of Tafel curves, reduces the polarization resistance and enhances the hydrogen gas volume compared to graphite substrate and single Mn coating. Apart from that, much more effective results are obtained on the C/MnCu–Pt electrocatalyst. Namely, a very high exchange current density (io = 5.50 mA cm−2), a very low polarization resistance (3.2 Ω cm2) and a very low overpotential (50 mV) at 10 mA cm−2 are obtained on the C/MnCu–Pt electrocatalyst. In addition to high performance, C/MnCu–Pt electrocatalyst exhibits good stability in alkaline medium
Evaluación de las conductas de lactancia materna y las prácticas de alimentación complementaria de las madres turcas y las madres refugiadas sirias
Get PDFObjectives: The purpose of this study was to compare breastfeeding and related factors (age, level of education, age at first pregnancy, etc.), and complementary feeding practices between Syrian refugee and native Turkish mothers. Material and methods: This descriptive-comparative study examined the nutritional characteristics of infants aged 9 to 60 months whose mothers were Turkish or Syrian refugees who attended Kızıltepe State Hospital between January 2022 and July 2022. Results: 204 mothers (126 Turkish and 78 Syrian) who had a child aged 9-60 months were included. The average age of the mothers was 27.60 ± 5.17 years for Turkish citizens and 28.91 ± 5.62 for Syrian refugees, without significant difference between the two groups (p: 0.091). Postpartum breastfeeding was 91.3% and breastfeeding duration was 12 (0-24) months in Turkish citizens; in Syrian refugees, breastfeeding was 84.6% and average breastfeeding time was 9 (0- 24) months (respectively, breast milk intake p: 0.144, uptake time p: 0.161; no statistical difference). Breastfeeding training was received by 23.8% of Turkish citizens and 5.1% of Syrian refugees; there was a significant difference between the two groups (p: 0.001). Conclusion: In refugee groups, infant and maternal nutrition practices are disrupted. Working in conjunction with local and international organizations and state agencies that give help to refugee groups, the appropriate interventions, initiatives, supports, and awareness-raising activities would strive to improve practices in mother and baby nutrition and narrow gaps.Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la lactancia y los factores relacionados (edad, nivel
educativo, edad al momento del primer embarazo, etc.) y las prácticas de alimentación complementaria
de las madres refugiadas sirias y las madres turcas.
Materiales y métodos: este estudio descriptivo y comparativo analizó las características nutricionales
de los bebés de 9 a 60 meses de edad cuyas madres fueran turcas o refugiadas sirias que asistieron al
Hospital Público de Kızıltepe entre enero y julio de 2022.
Resultados: se incluyó a 204 madres (126 turcas y 78 sirias). La edad promedio de las madres turcas
era 27,60 ± 5,17 años y la de las refugiadas sirias, 28,91 ± 5,62 años, sin una diferencia significativa entre
ambos grupos (p: 0,091). La lactancia materna posparto fue del 91,3 % y la duración de la lactancia fue
de 12 meses (0-24) en las ciudadanas turcas, mientras que, en las refugiadas sirias, fue del 84,6 % y
9 meses (0-24), respectivamente (consumo de leche materna, p: 0,144; tiempo de consumo, p: 0,161;
sin diferencias estadísticas). El 23,8 % de las ciudadanas turcas y el 5,1 % de las refugiadas sirias
recibieron capacitación sobre la lactancia, con una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos (p: 0,001).
Conclusión: en los grupos de refugiadas, las prácticas de nutrición infantil y materna se ven alteradas.
En colaboración con las organizaciones locales e internacionales y los organismos estatales que ayudan
a los grupos de refugiados se podrían mejorar las prácticas de nutrición maternoinfantil y reducir las
brecha
Postpartum Breastfeeding Practices and Attitudes in Parents: A Randomized Study to Evaluate the Effects of Individual and Group Breastfeeding Education of Mothers and Fathers
Get PDFBackground Antenatal breastfeeding training is defined as the provision of breastfeeding information during pregnancy, which can be given in various ways, such as individual training and group training. The inclusion of fathers in this educational approach is associated with the initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding and duration of breastfeeding. However, studies involving fathers are limited. This randomized controlled study aimed to compare the effects of individual and group training given to parents and those of normal hospital practices on mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy and fathers' attitudes toward breastfeeding. Methods The study was conducted randomly in a training and research hospital between March 2014 and September 2014 and included 180 people. Of them, 90 were prospective mothers who were in the third trimester of their pregnancy and were living with their husbands and received service from the obstetrics outpatient clinic of the hospital. The expecting mothers and their husbands were randomly assigned to three groups: individual training, group training and control group. After randomization, prospective mothers and fathers in all groups received training. In the first week, sixth week, and fourth month after delivery, the mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding attitudes as well as the attitudes of the fathers' toward breastfeeding were evaluated. Results There were no differences between the groups in terms of variables such as age, education status, family type, breastfeeding education status, and mode of delivery. There were significant differences between the scores obtained from the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and its subscales in all three groups during the postpartum period (p <0.05). The highest scale scores were obtained at the postpartum fourth month in the individual training and control groups and at the postpartum sixth week in the group training group. There were differences between the scores obtained by the mothers and fathers during the postpartum process from the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (p<0.05). Conclusion The analysis of all the results indicates that breastfeeding education given to parents in the antenatal period increases their breastfeeding self-efficacy and provides them with a positive attitude toward breastfeeding. However, further research is needed to determine whether individual or group training contributes to the development of breastfeeding self-efficacy and attitudes
Volatile Compounds, Bioactive Properties and Chlorophylls Contents in Dried Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) as Affected by Different Drying Methods
Get PDFThis study presents a comparison of the quality characteristics of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) dried by a photovoltaic thermal dryer (PVT), the shade dried spearmint (SDS), and an oven dried spearmint (ODS). The obtained samples were evaluated with respect to volatile compounds (VC), total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity (AC) and chlorophylls (Chl) contents. PDS had the highest amount of TPC, TFC and AC, while SDS and ODS did not differ significantly from each other in terms of these features. SDS exhibited the highest Chl a and Chl b contents, whereas ODS showed the lowest. The composition of VC in the dried spearmints was significantly affected by the drying methods used. The total amount of terpenoids, especially carvone, responsible for spearmint’s characteristic aroma in SDS was higher than those of the others, while the concentrations of most VC were lowest in ODS. According to the results, the PVT can be recommended for drying spearmint