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Investigation of the Effects of Apigenin, a Possible Therapeutic Agent, on Cytotoxic and SWH Pathway in Colorectal Cancer (HT29) Cells
Get PDFPurpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies in humans, still leading to serious morbidity and mortality. We here aimed to investigate the effects of flavonoid apigenin, which is considered to have anti-tumoral activity on CRC with high epidemiological prevalence, on cell proliferation and cell survivals, and the positive and negative dose-dependent effects of genetic or mutational alterations in SWH pathway components on HT29 CRC cell lines.
Methods: Human colon cancer cell lines HT-29 were commercially available. In each flask, 5 groups were formed, each of which consists of 5,000 cells for different dose groups and the cells were plated. After a 24 and 48 h incubation period, cytotoxicity values were measured by MTT assay and gene expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis method.
Results: Application of 12.5 and 25 nM of apigenin significantly increased cell death in HT29 cell lines. LATS1, STK3 and TP53 gene expression decreased in the same dose groups compared to control and other groups.
Conclusion: It has been concluded that TP53 gene is strongly correlated with LATS1 and STK3 genes among the SWH pathway factors in the progression of CRC and could be used as an important marker for early detection of malignant transmission. In addition, it may be effective in CRC cases especially when 25 nM of apigenin applies for therapeutic purpose
Intellectual foundations of management in Ömer b. Abdulaziz's letters
No full textİslâm tarihinde Hulefâ-yi Râşidîn döneminden sonra yarım asırdan fazla bir süre yönetimde ciddi değişimler oldu. Yönetim, şûra sisteminden veraset sistemine dönüşmüştü. Devlet ve halk arasında ciddi problemler oluştu. Devlete muhalif birçok siyasî, dinî ve sosyal gruportaya çıktı. Bu çalkantılı dönemden sonra İslâm tarihinde beşincihalife olarakda bilinen Ömer b. Abdülazîz,devlet başkanı olarak seçildi. Yaklaşık iki buçuk yıl süren (717-720)bu dönem, erken dönem İslâm tarihinde toplum ve devlet düzeyinde ahlaki, sosyal, siyasî, askeri ve ekonomi alanında köklü değişimlerin gerçekleştiği önemli bir dönem olmuştur. Ömer b.Abdülazîz'in başlattığı bu çok yönlü hareket, İslâm medeniyet tarihinde ilk tecdit, ıslah ve ihya hareketi olarak bilinir.Bu çalışmada,Ömer b. Abdülazîz'in yaklaşık iki buçuk yıla yakın bir zaman diliminde ve geniş bir coğrafyada hayatın birçok alanında gerçekleştirdiği devrim niteliğindeki bu değişimi devletin önemli resmî belgeleri hükmündeki mektupları vasıtasıyla incelenmeye çalışıldı. Bu mektuplar, Ömer b. Abdülazîz'in medeniyet tasavvurunu, yönetim anlayışını açıkça yansıtmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Ömer b. Abdülazîz'in valilere, âmillere, komutanlara, âlimlere ve muhalif gruplara göndermiş olduğu mektuplar, İslâm tarihi kaynakları taranarak tespit edildi. Bu mektupların incelenmesi sonucunda Ömer b. Abdülazîz'in siyasî, idarî, ekonomik, askerî ve toplumsal yönetiminin fikrî temellerini oluşturan temel düşünce, değer ve ilkeler tespit edilmeye çalışıldı. Bu mektuplarda; akîde(tevhid), emanet, ehliyet, adalet, özgürlük, şûra, merhamet, eşitlik, güvenlik, yenilik, ıslah ve vasat olma gibi daha birçok düşünce, değer ve ilkeler tespitedildi. Ömer b. Abdülazîz, kendi medeniyet tasavvurunu oluşturan bu temel düşünceleri bir medeniyet projesine dönüştürdü.In the history of Islam, serious changes took place in the administration for more than half a century after the period of Hulefa-yi Raşidin. The administration had changed from the shura system to the succession system. There were serious problems between the state and the people. Many political, religious and social groups opposed to the state emerged. After this turbulent period, Ömer b. Abdulaziz was elected as the head of state. This period, which lasted for about two and a half years (717-720), was an important period in the early Islamic history in which fundamental changes took place in moral, social, political, military and economic fields at the level of society and the state. This multi-faceted movement, initiated by Ömer b.Abdulaziz, is known as the first revival, reformation and revival movement in the history of Islamic civilization. In this study, Ömer b. This revolutionary change that Abdulaziz made in many areas of life in a wide geography in a period of about two and a half years was tried to be examined through his letters, which are the important official documents of the state. These letters were written by Umar b. It clearly reflects Abdülaziz's conception of civilization and his understanding of management. In this study, Umar b. The letters that Abdulaziz sent to governors, agents, commanders, scholars and opposition groups were identified by scanning Islamic historical sources. As a result of the examination of these letters, Umar b. The main ideas, values and principles that formed the intellectual foundations of Abdulaziz's political, administrative, economic, military and social management were tried to be determined. In these letters; Many other ideas, values and principles such as creed (tawhid), trust, competence, justice, freedom, council, mercy, equality, security, innovation, improvement and mediocrity were determined. Umar b. Abdulaziz transformed these basic ideas, which formed his own conception of civilization, into a civilization project
Glutaric aciduria and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria: Clinical and molecular findings of 35 patients from Turkey
No full textBackground: Cerebral organic acid disorders are progressive neurometabolic diseases characterized by neurologic dysfunction. Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L2HGA) are the main cerebral organic acid disorders. They are both classified as, and it is suggested that these two disorders may share a common metabolic pathway. Current treatment strategies are based on levocarnitine, vitamin B2, and diet. Recent guidelines recommend a lysine-restricted diet up to six years of age, but there is no consensus for patients over the age of six. Vitamin B2 is exists in the blood as riboflavin and its cofactors, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). FAD, the cofactor of L2HGD, accelerates the conversion of L-2-hydoxy glutarate to alpha-ketoglutarate. Levocarnitine stimulates the formation and excretion of derivatives of glutaric acid. Also, lysine-associated organic acidurias some results provide principal proof for the beneficial effects of riboflavin in GA-I. It has been previously reported that combination therapy with riboflavin and levocarnitine is effective for L2HGA as well as GA-I. Riboflavin and levocarnitine have been reported to improve not only clinical symptoms but also urinary 2-HGA levels. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the current treatment strategies and genotype on urinary metabolites and IQ scores in GA-I and L2HGA patients. Methods: The presented retrospective multicenter study included patients followed up in Diyarbakir Children's Hospital and Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Metabolism. Between 2016 and 2021, we retrospectively evaluated 35 patients with confirmed diagnosis of GA-I and L-2HGA. We analyzed the clinical, biochemical, neuroradiological, molecular data and treatment of the patients. The follow-up period was every 2 months until 12 months old, every 3 months until 6 years of age, and every 6 months thereafter. Therapy monitoring was undertaken during follow-up visits that included evaluation of clinical parameters, laboratory parameters, and dietary consumption records. Denver II was applied in order to evaluate children aged 0–6 years in terms of development. Patients between 6 and 16 years of age were evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Results: We identified 25 with GA-I and 10 with L2HGA. The most common clinical symptoms were developmental delay, intellectual disability, and movement disorders. Behavioural problems were more common in L2HGA than in GA-I patients. In the same family, there were patients with severe developmental delay despite early diagnosis and treatment and individuals with normal IQ scores. In our study group, we used diet (lysine restricted or protein controlled), levocarnitine and vitamin B2 for GA-I patients. The mean urinary glutaric acid levels were decreased with treatment in GA-I patients. Group I consisted of 14/25 patients receiving lysine restricted diet and levocarnitine, Group II (8/25) received protein-controlled diet and levocarnitine. Group III (3/25) patients whom had p.Pro248Leu (P248L) variant, received riboflavin in combination with protein-controlled diet and levocarnitine. When we evaluated according to the treatment groups, a significant decrease was observed in urinary glutaric acid levels in group I. But there were no significant difference in Group II and III. The patients with c.1018C > T variant in GCDH gene had higher pre-treatment urinary metabolites and significant reduction in urinary metabolites with treatment was detected. In L2HGA patients, we used levocarnitine and vitamin B2. In all L2HGA patients, there was a significant decrease in the mean urinary 2- hydoxy glutarate with treatment. However, there was no significant difference between the c.164G > A and c.1115delT variants. The mean pre- and post-treatment IQ scores of GA-I patients, no significant difference was observed. Relative neurologic improvement was seen in three L2HGA patients. We found two novel variants, including the c.221A > G (p.Tyr74Cys) in the GCDH gene and the c.738 + 5A > G splice variant in the L2HGDH gene. Conclusions: Glutaric aciduria type I and L2HGA are the most common cerebral organic acidurias. Early and correct diagnosis is crucial. Poor prognosis based on metabolic crises and progressive deterioration still appears. In countries where newborn screening is not performed, a clinical suspicion index is required for cerebral organic aciduria. GA-I and L-2HGA are difficult to examine by medical evidence standards because of the small sample size, regional differences in newborn screening, and medical care limits. More clinical studies are needed to identify effective treatments. However, the significant decrease in urinary glutaric acid levels after treatment in patients on lysine-restricted diet raises the question of whether lysine-restricted diet should be continued after six years of age. We also reported our experience in order to contribute to the literature
An investigation of the poems mentioned in Teftâzânî's work titled Şerhu Tasrîfi'z-Zencânî
No full textBu çalışmada, Teftâzânî'nin (ö.792/1390) yaşadığı dönem, hayatı ve ilmî kişiliğiyle ilgili önemli bilgiler verilmiştir. Onun, Sarf ilmine dair şaheser bir biçim ve iyi bir üslupla kaleme aldığı Şerhu Tasrîfi'z-Zencânî isimli eserinde sarf kuralların ispatında şahid olarak getirdiği şiirlerin tespiti ve onların istişhâd yönleri geniş bir şekilde ele alınıp incelenmiştir. Çalışmamız, giriş ve iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş kısmında; İstişhad kavramı ve istişhad kaynakları ele alınmıştır. Birinci bölümde; Teftâzânî'nin yaşadığı dönem, hayatı, ilmî kişiliği, hocaları, öğrencileri, eserleri ve Şerhu Tasrîfi'z-Zencânî adlı eserinin adı, yazılış gayesi, ihtiva ettiği konular ve istişhâd metodu incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise Teftâzânî'nin Şerhu Tasrîfi'z-Zencânî adlı eserinde, Sarf kuralların ispatında istişhâd ettiği şiirlerin tespiti ve onların istişhâd yönleri tafsilatlı bir şekilde ele alınıp incelenmiştir.In this study, important information about the period, lifetime and scientific personality of Teftâzânî (ö.792/1390) has been given. It has been handled and investigated that the determination of the poems he wrote as a witness in the proof of the rules of the sarf and their istishhad aspects in his work named Şerhu Tasrîfi'z-Zencânî that he wrote in a perfect literary style in detail. The study consists of an introduction and two parts. The concept istishhad and the sources of istishhad has been handled in the study. In the first section, it has been investigated that the period, lifetime, scientific personality, scholars, students, works of Teftazani, and the name of his work, the purpose of writing, content and istishhad method in his work named Şerhu Tasrîfi'z-Zencânî. In the second part, it has been examined that the determination of the poems istishhad in proof of the rules of Sarf, and the istishhad aspects of his poems in detail
New Urartian Inscriptions from Malazgirt, East Turkey, and the Localization of the City of Mezaiani
No full textLocated in the northwest of the Lake Van basin, the city of Malazgirt was an important area of the kingdom of Urartu from its earliest period due to its strategic location. Inscriptions of king Minua (810–785/80 BCE) mention important construction projects, including fortresses, temples, and irrigation canals, in and around Malazgirt. This article deals with the Urartian presence in Malazgirt, presents new Urartian inscriptions, and considers their significance for historical geography. Particularly important is the Leter stele, which informs us of the correct reading of the name of the irrigation canal built by King Minua—Mezaiani, the antecedent form of Malazgirt. Another stele documents the agricultural activities of King Argišti (780–756 bc)
Green synthesis and evaluation of antipathogenic, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from Allium cepa L. peel aqueous extract
No full textGold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have potentially therapeutic properties as they are synthesized via biomolecules as reducing
and stabilizing agent(s). The aim of this study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of Au NPs
using extracts from the Allium cepa (AC) red peel (skin) extract and investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity and
also inhibitory efects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. UV–Vis peak at~564 nm
confrmed the Au NPs absorbance. TEM images revealed the formation of Au NPs with mostly spherical shapes and sizes
between 6.08 and 54.20 nm. FTIR analysis confrmed the important biological compounds responsible for the reduction of
gold. The strong absorption property of Au NPs was studied by EDX. The produced Au NPs demonstrated signifcant antibacterial and antifungal activity against the bacterial and fungal strains tested, as well as efcient inhibitory activity against
both AChE and BChE enzymes. The highest antimicrobial activities were found against Staphylococcus aureus (0.06° mg/
ml) and Candida albicans (0.06° mg/ml). The antioxidant test fndings revealed that AC-Au NPs had lesser activity when
compared to normal antioxidants. The Au NPs showed excellent inhibitory efcacy against AChE and BChE. The proposed
green technique could encourage the innocuous generation of Au NPs, implying therapeutic possibilities
Promoting Events and Festivals through Digital Marketing Tools: A Conceptual Framework
No full textIn the digitalization of marketing, digital marketing tools are the best way to advertise and promote the products and services. In the context of events and festival, digital media is better than traditional media to promote the events using digital marketing tools such as social media networks, content marketing, search engine optimization, search engine marketing, web portal, mobile marketing, e-wom marketing, etc. To illustrate, event’s organizers use the social media applications like Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube to advertise and promote events they organized at the stage of pre and during events. Parallel to advent of information and communication technology, every destination must adopt their management and marketing practices to the changed world and changed consumer behavior. In this context, tourism destination try to look for new communication way and new marketing approaches in order that they could satisfy their consumers, advertise, and promote their product. Digital marketing tools are appropriate way to reach targeted audience to announce and marketing the events by creating effective promotional strategies. Thus, the aim of this chapter to present the usage of digital marketing tools for event and festival promotions conceptuall
Şanlıurfa'da yayılış gösteren endemik Verbascum stepporum Murb., ve Verbascum tenue Hub.-Mor., (Scrophulariaceae) türleri üzerinde anatomik araştırmalar
Get PDFGenel olarak "sıracaotu" olarak bilinen Scrophulariaceae familyası, otsu bitkilerden ve bir cinsi ise çalıdan oluşur. Familyanın yaklaşık olarak 62 cinsi ve 1830 tanınmış türü vardır. Türkiye’de “sığırkuyruğu” olarak tanınan Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae, Lamiales) cinsi, Avrupa, Afrika ve Asya'daki ılıman bölgelerde geniş bir dağılım gösteren yaklaşık 360 türden oluşur. Bu cinsin gen merkezi, 256 tür, 131 hibrit ve 13 kısmen yapay gruba bölünmüş 6 ise tam olarak bilinmeyen veya şüpheli kayıt ile temsil edildiği Türkiye'dir. Bunlardan 201 tür Türkiye'ye endemiktir, bu da yaklaşık %80'lik bir endemizm oranını işaret etmektedir. Bu cins, morfolojik olarak otsu ve nadiren küçük çalılar, alternat veya çok nadiren karşılıklı basit veya bölünmüş yapraklara sahip, tabandaki yapraklar bir rozet oluşturur. Çiçekler üstte rasemoz, spika veya panikuladır. Korolla sarı, nadiren menekşe veya mor, kahverengi veya sarımsı veya mavimsi yeşil, rotat, aktinomorfik veya biraz zigomorfik, tek yıllık, iki yıllık veya çok yıllık bitkilerle karakterize edilir. Verbascum türleri geleneksel tıpta uzun süredir kullanılmaktadır. Yaprakları idrar söktürücü, terletici, balgam söktürücü, yatıştırıcı olarak kullanılmış olup, çiçekleri mukolitik ve balgam söktürücü özelliklere sahiptir. İlk kez bu çalışmada Şanlıurfa’da yayılış gösteren endemik Verbascum stepporum ve V. tenue türlerinin kök, gövde ve yapraklarından alınan enine kesitlerle anatomik yapıları karşılaştırılmış ve aydınlatılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimele
The Study of 2, 4-Diamino-6-methly-1, 3, 5-triazine on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in The Hydrochloric Acid Medium: Integrated Theoretical and Experimental Investigations
Get PDFThe aim of this study is the investigation of adsorption and corrosion behaviors of 2,4-Diamino-6-methly-1,3,5-triazine (2-DMT) on mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M HCI solution using many experimental and theoretical studies such as potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR), adsorption isotherm, potential of zero charge (PZC), scanning electron (SEM), atomic force microscopies (AFM) and quantum chemical calculations. The results showed that 2-DMT has an outstanding anti-corrosion performance of 94.6% at an optimum concentration of 10 mM and the MS surface, which was exposed to the inhibited solution at 298 K, does not contain pits, cracks or deformations. Values of icorr are found to be 0.51, 0.22, 0.098, 0.072 and 0.039 mA cm-2 for blank solution and each concentration of 2-DMT. Hydrogen volumes are 90 and 4.6 mL cm-2 for blank solution and the existence of 10.0 mM 2-DMT, respectively. The observed adsorption is much more consistent with Langmuir. The high performance is explained by the effective adsorbing of organic matter to the MS surface. HOMO, LUMO energies and the energy gap (∆E) are -7.1980, -1.9959 and 5.2021 eV, respectively. Accordingly, it is suggested that this organic compound can be used in the industrial acid cleaning procedure
G7 Ülkelerinde Karbon Emisyonu ile Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
No full textKüresel problemlerin başında gelen küresel ısınma ve iklim felaketlerinin
karbon emisyon hacmini artırması ve bunun da ekonomik büyüme ile
herhangi bir ilişkisinin olup olmadığı literatürde tartışılan konular arasındadır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1991 ile 2021 yılları arası gelişmiş 7 ülke (G7) için
karbon emisyonu ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkisini
incelemektir. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkisi Durbin-Hausman
panel eşbütünleşme testi ile belirlenmiştir. Eşbütünleşme testi doğrultusunda,
kişi başı karbon emisyon miktarı ile kişi başı GSYH değişkenleri arasında
eşbütünleşik ilişkinin varlığı saptanmıştır. Daha sonra uzun dönem katsayı
tahmini için tam düzeltilmiş en küçük kareler (FMOLS) ve dinamik en
küçük kareler (DOLS) tahmincileri kullanılmış ve elde edilen bulgulara
göre değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin negatif yönlü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Bunun anlamı, G7 ülkelerinde ekonomik büyümenin karbon emisyon
miktarını azalttığıdır. Bu sonuçlardan G7 ülkelerinde ekonomik büyümenin
çevresel politikaların belirlenmesine engel olmayacağı anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak
geleneksel ekonomik büyümenin yerine daha temiz ve yenilenebilir enerji
kaynaklarına dayalı bir ekonomik model oluşturmanın önemine vurgu
yapmak gerekir