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    Erol Güngör Düşüncesinde Felsefe Bilim Faaliyeti Olarak Sosyal Psikoloji

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    Erol Güngör’ün bilim düşüncesini sadece akademik uzmanlığı bakımından sosyal psikoloji alanında akademik çalışmalar gerçekleştirmiş bir akademisyen olarak açıklamak yeterli değildir. Çünkü bilime dair düşünceleri bu çalışmalarının sınırını aşmaktadır. Güngör’ün bilim düşüncesini oluşturan dünya görüşünde esas hedefi kendi toplumunun meselelerini tespit etmek ve bunları bir problem çözme faaliyeti haline dönüştürmektir. Bu sebeple, onun düşüncesi hem “dünya görüşü” ortaya koymak hem de “bilimsel faaliyet” gerçekleştirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Felsefe ve bilimi bir araya getiren bu tavır, Güngör’ün araştırmacı kimliğini ve psikolojinin konusunu tekrar düşünmeyi teklif etmektedir. Güngör’e göre, sosyal psikolojinin konusu toplumsal meselelere dair çalışmalar olup bu meselelerinin kendi toplumu ile “içkin bir bağ” etrafında şekillenmesi gerekmektedir. Buradan bir bilim insanının aynı zamanda bir düşünür olması gerektiği kendisinin tabiriyle “münevver” olması gerektiği sonucu çıkmaktadır. Aksi takdirde sadece metodolojik tutarlılık motivasyonuyla bilimsel araştırmalar yapılabilir ve bu durumda kendi toplumu için problem çözme faaliyetinin eksik kalması söz konusudur. Bu bakımdan Erol Güngör modern dönem Türk Düşüncesi için “felsefi-bilim faaliyeti kurmak” bakımından kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu araştırmada, Güngör’ün düşüncelerini ve bilimsel çalışmalarını felsefe-bilim çizgisinden ve toplum-kültür varlığı bakımından değerlendirdiğimizde, sosyal psikoloji faaliyetindeki meseleleri kendi toplumunun problemleri olarak ele aldığı ve bir problem çözme faaliyeti bakımından sosyal psikoloji araştırmaları haline dönüştürdüğü sonucu çıkmaktadır

    Examination of the effects of kefir on healing factors in a mice burn model infected with E.coli, S.aureus and P.aeruginosa using qRT-PCR

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    Burn areas are susceptible to bacterial growth and infections, particularly in cases with lengthy periods of hospital stay. Burn wound healing, which involves various molecular and cellular mechanisms, continues to be a significant problem. Growth factors and cytokines play an active and vital role in wound healing. In the present study, the effects of kefir on wound healing in a 2nd-degree mouse burn model infected with e.coli, s.aureus and p.aeruginosa were investigated in vitro. In order to clarify the effects of kefir in the wound healing process, the macroscopic changes in kefir-applied scar tissue as well as wound depth and width were examined and IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α, VEGF, TGF-β protein levels were determined using the qRT-PCR method. The findings of the present study show that kefir has a positive impact on the factors playing a role in wound healing and accelerates the healing process

    Competitive adsorption of VOCs (benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene) with Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOPHENONE magnetic nanoadsorbents

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    Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic, are considered a critical factor for air pollution and cause serious harm to the eco-environment and human health. In this study, Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOFENONE were synthesized as new magnetic nanoadsorbents (MNAs) and used for the first time in the removal of gas-phase benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene. The synthesised MNAs were characterized by SEM-EDS, TEM, FTIR, XRD, VSM, TGA and BET analyses. The characterization results showed that the MNAs have mesoporous structure, type IV physioresorption and type H3 hysteresis loop character. In order to clarify the comparative and competitive adsorption behaviour, the adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOFENONE MNA was found to be in the order of xylene > ethylbenzene > benzene in both single, binary and ternary component systems. The adsorption kinetics of benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene with Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOFENONE MNA were found to be governed by multistep mechanisms. Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOFENONE MNA showed reuse efficiencies of 83.07%, 84.35% and 82.99% after 5 cycles for benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene respectively. In the framework of the results, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOPHENONE MNA, which has a high potential in terms of both adsorption capacity and reuse efficiency, is proposed as a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.This project is funded by the financial support from Mardin Artuklu University (Project No. MAÜ.BAP.22.LEE.013

    Investigation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Efficacy of Zinc and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Nasturtium officinale

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    Nanoparticles are nano-sized materials that can be widely used in fields such as medicine, pharmacology, and industry. The use of natural and easily available materials in nanoparticle synthesis is preferable for economic reasons. Plants are extremely suitable for the synthesis of nanoparticles due to their wide availability and the large number of components they contain with various properties. For this purpose, silver nanoparticles and zinc nanoparticles (AgNPs and ZnNPs), two different nanoparticles were synthesized from an edible plant, watercress (Nasturtium officinale). Scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, UV-VIS spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) analyses of these nanoparticles were performed. In addition, the antimicrobial effects of these synthesized nanoparticles were determined using the disk diffusion method. The nanoparticles obtained from Nasturtium officinale were effective on Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes), and fungi (Candida albicans). In particular, AgNPs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity were obtained from the watercress. While ZnNPs showed inhibition effects of 49% on K. pneumoniae, 51% on S. aureus, and 62% on C. albicans, AgNPs showed inhibition effects of 93% on P. aeruginosa, 87% on S. aureus, 81% on E. coli, 80% on C. albicans, 72% on K. pneumoniae, and 56% on S. pyogenes. The results show that Nasturtium officinale can be used effectively in the production of new biotechnological products, particularly ones with antimicrobial properties

    The possibility and nature of attributing direction to God in Ghazali and Ibn Rushd

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    Bu çalışmada, Gazâli ve İbn Rüşd'ün görüşleri çerçevesinde Tanrı'nın mekân ve cihette bulunup bulunmadığı konusu bir din felsefesi problemi bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda tez, giriş ve üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde mekân ve cihet kavramı, Tanrı ve bu kavramların ilişkileri, İlk Çağ filozoflarının Tanrı-mekân ve boşluk görüşleri, İslam filozoflarından Kindî, Fârâbî, İbn Sînâ ve İbn Rüşd'ün Tanrı-mekân, Tanrı-cihet düşüncelerine atıflar yapılarak genel problemler aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde Gazâli'nin Tanrı, cihet ve mekân görüşleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca Gazâli'nin Tanrı'nın cihet ve mekân gibi hâdis varlıkların niteliklerinden münezzeh oluşunu ispatlama yöntemi incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise İbn Rüşd'ün Tanrı, cihet ve mekân görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. İbn Rüşd'ün Tanrı'nın dinî ve aklî olarak bir mekân ve yönde oluşunun imkânı ele alınmıştır.In this study, within the framework of the views of Ghazali and Ibn Rushd, the issue of whether God exists in place and direction is discussed in the context of a philosophy of religion problem. In this context, the thesis consists of an introduction and three main parts. In the first chapter, the concept of place and direction, God and the relations of these concepts, the views of God-space and space of the ancient philosophers, and the ideas of God-place and God-direction, It has been tried to convey general problems to construct references to the idea of God-place, God-direction of the Islamic philosophers Kindî, Fârâbî, İbn Sînâ and Averroes. In the second part, Gazali's views on God, direction and place are discussed. In addition, al-Ghazali's method of proving that God is free from the attributes of hadith entities such as direction and place has been examined. In the third part, Ibn Rushd's views on God, direction and place are given. The possibility of Ibn Rushd's existence of God in a religious and mental place and direction is discussed

    Interpretation of kawni verses in ishari tafsir: The example of Al-Bahru'l-Medid tafsir

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    Kur'an-ı Kerim'in nüzul gayesi insanları hidâyete eriştirmektir. Asırlar boyunca bu yönüyle araştırılmış, doğruya ulaşmak için kendisinden istifade edilmiştir. Kur'ân'ın anlaşılması için tarih boyunca tefsir kitapları kaleme alınmış her müfessir kendi ilmi kabiliyeti cihetinde âyetleri yorumlamaya çalışmıştır. İslam coğrafyasının genişlemesi, farklı dil, din ve kültürlerden olan şahsiyetlerin İslâm'a girmesi gibi birçok neden âyetlerin farklı yorumlanmasına kapı aralamıştır. Kur'ân'ın anlaşılmasına yönelik gayret ve çabalar zamanla mezhep ve ideolojilere de sirâyet etmiş böylece her fırka ve mezhep Kur'ân âyetlerini zihin düşünceleri çerçevesinde yorumlamıştır. Tefsirdeki zahiri yorum çeşitliliğine bir müddet sonra batınî/işârî yorumlar da eklenmiş böylece işârî/tasavvufî tefsir diyeceğimiz bir yorumlama anlayışı ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışma konumuzu oluşturan İbn Acibe'nin (ö. 1224/1809) el- Bahrü'l-medid adlı eseri âyetleri hem zahiri hem batınî yönden ele almış bir eserdir. Müellif'in kevnî âyetleri ele alış biçimi, yorumlaması ve değerlendirmesi tarafımızca merak edilmiş ve bu minvalde bir araştırmanın faydalı olacağı düşüncesi ortaya çıkmıştır.The purpose of the revelation of the Qur'an is to guide people to the right path. It has been researched in this aspect for centuries, and it has been used to reach the truth. Every commentator who has written tafsir books throughout history to understand the Qur'an has tried to interpret the verses in terms of his own scientific ability. Many reasons, such as the expansion of the Islamic geography, the entry of people from different languages, religions and cultures into Islam, opened the door to different interpretations of the verses. Efforts and efforts to understand the Qur'an have spread to sects and ideologies over time, so every sect and sect interpreted the verses of the Qur'an within the framework of mental thoughts. After a while, esoteric/ishari interpretations were added to the apparent diversity of interpretations in tafsir, thus an understanding of interpretation that we would call ishari/sufi tafsir emerged. The work of Ibn Acibe (d. 1224/1809) named el-Bahrü'l-medid, which constitutes our study subject, is a work that deals with the verses both externally and internally. We were curious about the author's way of handling, interpretation and evaluation of the kevnî verses, and we thought that a research in this way would be beneficial

    The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourist guides intention to stay and leave in the sector

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    Turizm sektörü doğası gereği krizlere karşı hassasiyet ve duyarlılık gösterir. Savaş, ekonomik kriz, doğal afet ve salgın gibi olayların turizm sektöründe öngörülemeyen krizlere neden olduğu söylenebilir. Yakın zamanda yaşanan Covid-19 Pandemisinin insan sağlığını tehdit etmesinin yanı sıra, pandemi kapsamında alınan tedbirler de turizm sektöründe derin yaralar açmış ve durgunlukların yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı turizm sektörünün bir bileşeni olan turizm rehberlerinin, Covid-19 Pandemisinden ne derecede etkilendiklerini, mesleklerini yapmaya devam etme ve meslekten ayrılma niyeti yönündeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda nitel araştırma tekniğinden faydalanılmış, veriler Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren eylemli profesyonel turist rehberleriyle yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Covid-19 Pandemisinin oluşturduğu olumsuz etkilere karşın turizm rehberlerinin mesleklerini bırakmayı düşünmedikleri, turizm rehberliği mesleğiyle ilgili tatmin düzeylerinin yüksek seviyede olduğu, bununla birlikte pandemi gibi öngörülemeyen kriz durumlarında hayatlarını idame ettirebilmek amacıyla ikinci bir meslek edinme eğiliminde oldukları kanaatine varılmıştır.The tourism sector, by its nature, shows sensitivity and responsiveness to crises. It can be said that events such as war, economic crises, natural disasters, and pandemics lead to unforeseen crises in the tourism sector. The recent Covid-19 pandemic has not only threatened human health but also caused deep wounds and stagnation in the tourism sector due to the measures taken during the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to reveal the extent to which tourism guides, as a component of the tourism sector, have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and to assess its impact on their intentions to continue their profession or leave it. Qualitative research techniques were utilized in line with the purpose of the study, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews with active professional tourist guides operating in Turkey. As a result of the study, it has been concluded that despite the negative effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, tourism guides do not consider quitting their profession, their satisfaction levels with the tourism guiding profession are high, and nevertheless, they tend to acquire a second profession in order to sustain their lives during unforeseen crisis situations such as a pandemic

    Oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and proliferation modulator function of visnagin provide gonadoprotective activity in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury

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    OBJECTIVE: Visnagin (Vis) is a compound found in the flowers and seeds of the Ammi visnaga plant with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate the dose-dependent gonadoprotective effects of visnagin in rats while considering oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation-related protein expression levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight adult rats were divided into four groups of seven animals each; control, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), I/R+30Vis, and I/R+60Vis. Animals in control received no surgical application and were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. The rats in I/R, I/R + Vis30, and I/R + Vis60 were exposed to testicular ischemia and the animals in I/R + Vis30, and I/R + Vis60 groups received either 30 or 60 mg/kg visnagin intraperitoneal. At the end of the experiment, testis tissues were used for the measurement of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. RESULTS: Our microscopic examinations indicated that I/R resulted in testicular degenerations and morphological alterations, which were improved in visnagin-treated animals. The biochemical analyses demonstrated that oxidative stress in the I/R group increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group. The immunohistochemical examinations showed that pro-apoptotic Bax and Caspase 3 expressions, and pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were significantly up-regulated (p<0.05) but proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in I/R group was significantly (p<0.001) down-regulated compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemia leading to testicular torsion is a reproductive health-affecting problem, and current surgical treatment methods might be insufficient to recover the testis due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our observations indicate that visnagin is a potential co-modality along with the surgical interventions for the recovery of ischemia encountered testis, but we believe the requirement of more detailed studies to explore the underlying signaling pathways and the strength of visnagin against testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury

    Biosynthesis, characterization, and investigation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of silver nanoparticles using Solanum tuberosum peel aqueous extract

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    Metallic nanoparticle biosynthesis is thought to offer opportunities for a wide range of biological uses. The green process of turning biological waste into utilizable products gaining attention due to its economical and eco-friendly approach in recent years. This study reported the ability of Solanum tuberosum (ST) peel extract to the green synthesis of non-toxic, stable, small-sized silver nanoparticles without any toxic reducing agent utilizing the phytochemical components present in its structure. UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, flourier scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive analysis X-ray confirmed the biosynthesis and char-acterization of silver nanoparticles. Also, dynamic light scattering and thermogravimetric ana-lyses showed stable synthesized nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated against four different bacterial strains, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and a yeast, Candida albicans (C. albicans) using the minimum inhibitory concen-tration technique. The cytotoxic activities were determined against Human dermal fibroblast (HDF), glioblastoma (U118), colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2), and human ovarian (Skov-3) cell lines cancer cells using MTT test. The nanoparticle capping agents that could be involved in the reduction of silver ions to Ag NPs and their stabilization was identified using FTIR. Nano -particles were spherical in shape and had a size ranging from 3.91 to 27.07 nm, showed crys-talline nature, good stability (-31.3 mV), and the presence of capping agents. ST-Ag NPs significantly decreased the growth of bacterial strains after treatment. The in vitro analysis showed that the ST-Ag NPs demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against cell lines. Based on the data, it is feasible to infer that biogenic Ag NPs were capped with functional groups and demonstrated considerable potential as antibacterial and anticancer agents for biomedical and industrial applications

    COVID-19'un Gaziantep ve İstanbul'daki Suriyeli ve mülteci şirketlerindeki uluslararası tedarik zincirlerine etkisi

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    Bu çalışma, ticari ve endüstriyel şirketlerin faaliyetleri de dahil olmak üzere tüm dünyada değişikliklere neden olan küresel salgın Corona (COVID-19) sırasında Türkiye'deki mültecilerin şirketleri için uluslararası tedarik zincirlerinin esneklik boyutunu belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Böylece mültecilerin şirketlerinin kapanmalardan ne ölçüde etkilendiğini belirlenecektir. Hükümetler tarafından kaynakların ve ürünlerin uluslararası alanlardaki hareketini sınırlamak veya azaltmak için uluslararası düzeyde uygulanan tam ve sıhhi izolasyon operasyonları bu konu içindedir. Alt hedefler ise mültecilerin şirketlerinin uluslararası tedarik zincirlerinin faaliyetlerine etkisini vurgulayarak uluslararası tedarik zincirlerinin dayanıklılığını ve küresel krizlere tepkilerini belirlemektir (bilgi, hammaddeler, envanter, işleme, fiziksel dağıtım ve nakliye). Vaka çalışması aracı olarak; ölçülebilir veriler elde etmek için şirket yöneticileri ile uzun görüşmeler yanında veri toplama aracı olması için kişisel gözlem ile alınmıştır. Özellikle (İstanbul ve Gaziantep) araştırma için başlangıç merkezidir. Çalışmanın en önemli bulguları, kapanmaların ihracatçı ve ithalatçıları kaynaklarını çeşitlendirmeye yöneltmesi ve imalatçıların kendi ana pazarlarına yakın tesisler kurmasıdır. İhracatçı ve ithalatçıların mesafeleri kısaltıp yakınlaşmaya yönelmesidir. Coğrafi olarak pazarlarını, yani zincirin başı ile sonu arasındaki coğrafi mesafeleri daraltmaya başlamışlardır. Öte yandan, neredeyse tasfiye ve iflasa varan büyük maddi kayıplar görülmüş zincirin aşamaları boyunca ek maliyetler ortaya çıkmıştır. Pandemi mültecilerin şirketleri ve hareketleri üzerinde çok olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Sonuçların da gösterdiği gibi, birçoğunda bu yaşanmıştır.This study aims to determine the flexibility dimension of international supply chains for the companies of refugees in Turkey during the global epidemic Corona (COVID-19), which has caused changes all over the world, including the activities of commercial and industrial companies. Thus, it will be determined to what extent the companies of refugees have been affected by the closures. This includes the full and sanitary isolation operations implemented at the international level by governments to limit or reduce the movement of resources and products in international areas. The sub-objectives are to identify the resilience of international supply chains and their response to global crises (information, raw materials, inventory, processing, physical distribution and transport) by emphasizing the impact of refugees' companies on the activities of international supply chains. As a case study tool; In order to obtain measurable data, it was taken with personal observation to be a data collection tool as well as long interviews with company managers. Especially (Istanbul and Gaziantep) it is the starting center for research. The most important findings of the study are that the closures led exporters and importers to diversify their sources and manufacturers established facilities close to their home markets. It is the tendency of exporters and importers to shorten the distances and get closer. Geographically, they have begun to narrow their market, that is, the geographical distances between the beginning and the end of the chain. On the other hand, there have been huge financial losses, almost liquidation and bankruptcy, and additional costs have arisen throughout the stages of the chain. The pandemic has had a very negative impact on the companies and movements of refugees. As the results show, many have experienced this

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