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Memory of destroyed Khorsabad, Victor Place, and the story of a shipwreck
No full textVictor Place was appointed as a consul to Mosul in 1851, where having arrived in 1852 he started excavations at Khorsabad. Financial problems forced him to stop this activity towards the end of 1853. As the Interior Ministry appointed him to another post in 1854, he wanted to transport the Khorsabad finds before he left Mosul. However, the roads were extremely unsafe because of the Muntafiq Arab tribes' revolt. The local authorities repeatedly warned Place about this problem, stressing that he should wait until after the revolt was over before leaving. But despite these warnings, Place transported the Khorsabad finds from Mosul to Baghdad by keleks (rafts). The plan was then to transport them to Basra from Baghdad. Place set off on the river with a fleet made up of four keleks and a ship. Smuggled goods loaded on the ship made it heavier and attracted the attention of looters. On 21 May 1855, the fleet was attacked by bandits in the region of Kurna, located between Baghdad and Basra. The ship and two keleks sank at the spot, while the remaining two keleks arrived at Basra with some of the rescued goods. Various attempts to retrieve the sunken finds then followed. This article accordingly considers new data on the Kurna accident, drawing on Ottoman archival sources, particularly reports written at the time that discussed the possible causes of the accident and the negligent actions linked to it. As the destroyed memory of Khorsabad makes clear, archaeology cannot be rushed
Sleep arousal detection using one dimensional local binary pattern-based convolutional neural network
No full textSleep arousal is defined as a shift from deep sleep to light sleep or complete awakening. Arousals cause sleep deprivation by fragmenting sleep, and ultimately, many health problems. Arousals can be induced by well-studied apneas and hypopneas or other sleep orders such as hypoventilation, bruxism, respiratory effort-related arousals. Thus, detection of less-studied non-apnea/hypopnea arousals is important for diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. Traditionally, polysomnography (PSG) test that is recording and inspecting overnight physiological signals is used for sleep studies. In this work, a novel method based on one dimensional local binary pattern (1D-LBP) and convolutional neural network (CNN) for automatic arousal detection from polysomnography recordings is proposed. 25 recordings from PhysioNet Challenge 2018 PSG dataset are used for experiments. Each signal in PSG recordings is transformed to a new signal using 1D-LBP, and then segmented using 10-s-long sliding window. The segments are fed to a CNN model formed by stacking 25 layers for classification of non-apnea/hypopnea arousal regions from non-arousal regions. Area under precision-recall curve (AUPRC) and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) metrics are used for performance measurement. Experimental results reflect that the proposed method shows a great promise and obtains an AUPRC of 0.934 and an AUROC of 0.866
Service robots as a tool for physical distancing in tourism
No full textCOVID-19 pandemic is affecting negatively the tourism and hospitality industry. As people must avoid physical interaction, service robots can be a useful tool to ensure a high level of physical social distance during the epidemic. This paper discusses whether the application of service robots to provide physical distance in the tourism and hospitality context is going to be beneficial or there will be side effects as well. The paper posits that service robots create a technological shield between tourists and employees that increases the physical and emotional distance between them
Human Acts Regarding the Power-Act Relationship and Responsible Free Personality in the Opinion of Nuraddin as-Sabuni
No full textBu çalışma, Buharalı Hanefî ve Mâtürîdî âlimi olan Nûreddîn esSâbûnî’nin (ö. 580/1184), el-Kifâye ve onun özeti mahiyetinde el-Bidâyeadlı eserlerinden istifade edilerek oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın odaknoktasını, insanın eylemlerini gerçekleştirirken özgür ve sorumlu olduğudüşüncesi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada dolaylı olarak cevabı aranan soru iseşer/çirkin olarak bilinen eylemlerin failinin kim olduğudur. Mu‘tezile,insanın eylemlerini yaparken özgür ve sorumlu olduğunu göstermekamacıyla onu fiillerinin yaratıcısı kabul etmiştir. Dolayısıyla onlara göreşerrin yaratıcısı da insan olmaktadır. Ehl-i sünnet, hayrın da şerrin deyaratıcısının Allah olduğunu söyleyerek buna karşı çıkmıştır. Genel SünnîMâtürîdî çizgiyi takip eden Sâbûnî, yaratmayı (halk) Allah’a kesbi deinsana atfederek, bir yandan insanın eylemlerinde asla Allah’tan müstağnikalamayacağını, diğer yandan da özgür ve sorumlu olduğunutemellendirmeye çalışmıştır. O, Eş’arîyye’den farklı olarak söz konusukesbin hakiki fiil niteliğinde olduğunu belirtmiştir. Sâbûnî söz konusutemellendirmeyi gerçekleştirmek üzere, insana kesbini gerçekleştirirkengerekli olan kudretin özelliklerinden hareket etmiş ve kudretin fille beraberolması, süreksiz/devamsız olması ve iki zıt şeye elverişli olması gerektiğinibelirtmiştir.This study has been developed with reference to the works al-Kifayah and its associated summary al-Bidayah written by Nuraddin as-Sabuni (d.580/1184), a scholar of Bukhara Hanafism and Maturidism. The postulate that human beings are free and responsible while performing their actions forms the focus of the study. The study indirectly seeks a possible answer to this question: who is the perpetrator of evil actions? Mu'tazila considers the human as the creator of his own acts to adduce that they are free and responsible while committing their acts. Thereby, in view of their opinion it is also the human who creates evil acts. Sunnah-followers opposed this assertion via the counterargument that Allah is the creator of both good and evil. Sabuni who abides by the inclination of general Sunnism and Maturidism, by referring creation (calling into being) to Allah and acquisition (kasb) to human, has attempted to form such a base articulating that, on one side, people can never be free from God in their actions, and, on the other side, they are also free and responsible in this regard. Differing from Ash‘ariyyah, he states that, the acquisition in question bears the essence of a real act. To actualize his argument in question, Sabuni infers from the features of the power that is required for the people during the actualization of their own acquisition, and he claims that the power must be together with the act, must be impermanent/discontinuous, and also be appropriate for the two opposing things
Carbamazepine-induced renal toxicity may be associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis in male rat
No full textCarbamazepine (CBZ) is the antiepileptic drug used in epilepsy and some psychiatric disorders. Besides its widely used, many adverse effects have been reported including hematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, endocrine disorders, and testicular damages due to oxidative stress. However, the role of CBZ on renal toxicity is not fully known. In this study, we attempted to explain the connected mechanisms by focusing on the metabolism of CBZ-induced renal toxicity in rats. Twenty male Wistar-Albino rats were randomized into 2 groups (n = 10); control (1 mL/day distilled water, orally) and CBZ (25 mg/kg/day CBZ, orally) groups. After 60 days, TAS (total oxidant status) and TOS (total oxidant status) levels, histopathological features, some genes involved in apoptosis, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) activity, and apoptotic cells were assessed of kidney tissue. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was measured from TAS and TOS levels. TOS levels and OSI significantly increased, while TAS levels decreased in the CBZ group relative to the control group. Histopathological observations, Caspase-3 (Casp3), Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase-1 (PARP-1), 8-OHdG immunoreactivities, and apoptotic cells markedly raised in the CBZ group compared with the control group. Also, mRNA expression of Cytochrome c (Cytc) and CASP3 significantly increased in the CBZ group compared to the control group. In conclusion, long-term use of CBZ may promote renal damage in rats by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis
An Assessment of the Reflection of Traditional and Computer Assisted Architectural Designing Periods on Buildings Through Hyperbolic Paraboloid Forms
No full textThis study examined the changes and developments in the designs and practices regarding the hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces, which have been more popular after the designs of Felix Candela during the architectural period of 20th century. Tracer method was utilized to compare the periods before and after the computerassisted designing instruments were added to the architectural education curriculum. A comparison table was formed for the difference between the periods, and the variable traits that may change in years such as materials, method of practice or span were specified and presented in a chronological order. Assessments indicated that hyperbolic paraboloids used for different purposes could be used as designing elements as well as for passing wide spans, and that they were utilized in different continents during the same periods. It was understood that this form span could be used to reach and pass greater spans through the support provided by using computer-assisted architectural designing instruments. During 1950s, issues related to heating, illumination and ventilation emerged on the hyperbolic surfaces constructed with concrete materials. With the computer-assisted architectural designing instruments, solutions were found on these issues following the trials on the model. As people started to use computers as designing instruments, differences emerged in practices. Instead of buildings that were constructed through on-site concreting procedure with molds during the period of traditional drawing instruments, the panelization systems were able to be produced with the help of computer models and mounted accordingly. Furthermore, with the development of steel industry after 1990, steel was used more often in the construction of hyperbolic paraboloids. This study revealed the contribution of computer-assisted designing instruments which enable designing, analyzing and building complicated geometries to the constructability of hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces, and it demonstrated the current status of these instruments within designing-related processes following the technological advancements. The impact of computer-assisted designing instruments on the relationship between the architectural designing and load-bearing system designing was explained through the examples regarding integrated designing processes. Examining the architectural changes and developments in the hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces, this study indicated that using advanced computer technologies caused radical changes and that the designers were granted new horizons and became more liberal upon the searches for architectural form with the algorithms becoming producible in the digital environment
Endohelminth Fauna of Teleost Fishes from Coasts of Şile Region of the Black Sea
Get PDFA total of 508 fish specimens belonging to 19 species collected in the coast of Şile region of the Black sea were examined to detect the presence of endohelminths. Of this, 357 (70.27%) were found to be infected with parasites. 15 distinct helminths species were recovered including four species of nematodes, seven digenean species, one species of cestodes and three species of acanthocephalans. It was also determined that the species of nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum was the most common parasite and the most diverse endohelminth fauna was found in Gobius niger and Solea vulgaris, with five species. Furthermore, it should be noted that Capillaria gracilis is reported for the first time from the Turkish coasts. The infection rates, hosts, and parasites are listed in this paper
LEVEL OF EDUCATION BY GENDER AND THE ROLE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: PANEL VAR ANALYSIS FOR HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES
Get PDFSürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefi çerçevesinde ülkeler çevresel kaliteyi iyileştirmek amacıyla çevresel duyarlılığı geliştirecek uygulamalara yönelmektedirler. Bu çalışmada yüksek gelirli ülkelerde çevresel kirliliği artırarak çevresel kaliteyi kötüleştiren karbon emisyonu ve ekonomik büyüme, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi, cinsiyete göre eğitim düzeyi, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları arasındaki ilişki panel VAR yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Analizlerden elde edilen bulgular çevresel kaliteyi iyileştirmede eğitimin ve yenilenebilir enerjinin önemli bir rolünün olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, nedensellik ilişkisi bulgularına göre yüksek gelirli ülkelerin çevresel kirlilik göstergesi üzerine erkeklerin ve kadınların eğitim düzeylerinin, yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ve GSYH’nın etkili olduğu söylenebilir.Within the framework of the sustainable development goal countries turn to practices that will improve environmental awareness in order to improve environmental quality. In this study the relationship between carbon emissions which worsened environmental quality by increasing environmental pollution and economic growth, renewable energy consumption, education level by gender, foreign direct investment was investigated by panel VAR method in high income countries. Findings from the analysis show that education and renewable energy play an important role in improving environmental quality. In additon according to the causality relationship findingd, it can be said that the education levels of men and women, renewable energy consumption, foreign direct investment and GDP are effective on the environmental pollution indicator of high income countries
The Effect of Research and Development (R&D) Expenses on Profıtabılıty and Sales
No full textAr-Ge, yeni uygulamalar tasarlamak amacıyla yapılan çalışmaların toplamı olarak ifade edilmektedir. Şirketlerin rekabet üstünlüğü ve sürdürülebilirliği açısından yeni uygulamalar geliştirilmesi ve hayata geçirilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu nedenle şirketlerin Ar-Ge harcamalarına ayırdıkları bütçe her geçen gün artış eğilimindedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ar-Ge harcamalarının satışlar, net kar ve brüt kar üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda BİST 30 endeksinde yer alan 14 şirketin 2009-2019 yılları arasındaki Ar-Ge harcamalarının net kar, brüt kar ve satışlara etkisi statik panel veri analizleri aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Ar-Ge harcamalarının net kar, brüt kar ve satışları pozitif yönde ve anlamlı şekilde etkilediği belirlenmiştir.R&D is expressed as the sum of the work done to design new applications. It is very important to develop and implement new practices for companies' competitive advantage and sustainability. For this reason, the budget allocated by companies for R&D expenditures is increasing day by day. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of R&D expenditures on sales, net profit and gross profit. For this purpose, the effect of R&D expenditures of 14 companies included in the BIST 30 index between 2009-2019 on net profit, gross profit and sales was analyzed through static panel data analysis.. As a result of the study, it was determined that R&D expenditures positively and significantly affect net profit, gross profit and sales
With the Whip into the Dirty Orient: The Depiction of the Orient in Oskar Mann’s Travel Letters
No full textDer vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert die Reisebriefe des deutschen Orientalisten Oskar Mann (1867-1917). Mit finanzieller Unterstützung der Königlich-Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften unternahm Mann zwischen 1901 und 1906 zwei große wissenschaftliche Reisen in den Osten des Osmanischen Reiches und in den Iran, um die iranischen Sprachen und Dialekte zu erforschen. Die Reisebriefe und -tagebücher sind Texte mit relativ subjektiven Werturteilen, in denen häufig Menschen und Kulturen durch ethnozentrische Stereotype beschrieben wurden, da die realen Reisen eine kulturelle Begegnung und Konfrontation mit dem Anderen darstellen. Die Beschreibung einer fremden Kultur kann nicht von den subjektiven Werturteilen des Reisenden getrennt werden. Das heißt, die fremde Welt, in der sich der Reisende bewegt, ist die Projektion der äußeren Umgebung durch subjektive Wahrnehmung. Nach seiner Ansicht handelt es sich bei den Orientalen um Menschen eines Ortes, der sich dem Westen ergeben hatte. Mann trennt den Orient vom Okzident mit präzisen und scharfen Linien und teilt eurozentristisch in zwei voneinander getrennte Kategorien. Während seiner Reise produzierte und vermittelte Mann einerseits Wissen über fremde Kulturen, andererseits verbreitete und verstärkte er Bilder und Vorurteile sowie auch Stereotype, die zu ontologischen Unterscheidungen zwischen Orient und Okzident führten. Dieser Aufsatz versucht zu zeigen, dass Mann den Orient mit hegemonialem Denkmustern wahrgenommen hat; und dass seine Fremdvorstellung zutiefst dem klassisch europäischen orientalistischen Diskurs des 19. Jahrhunderts verhaftet bleibt, was zur Folge hat, dass der Orient abgewertet wird. Es wird in Frage gestellt, mit welchen Stereotypen, Bildern und Vorstellungsmustern Mann die Bevölkerung des bereisten fremden Landes darstellt