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Türkçe Şâhnâme Tercümeleri ve Zerdüşt'ün Tercümelerde Uğradığı Dönüşüm
No full textTercüme faaliyetinde hedef ve kaynak metin arasında, kültür farklılığı ve iki dilin sahip olduğu imkân ve özellikler sebebiyle değişiklikler olması kaçınılmazdır. Buna ilaveten yazarın bakış açısı, tercümenin hedef kitlesi, tercümenin amacı veya dönemin şartlarının getirdiği bazı zaruretler de tercümenin üslubuna ve muhtevasına etki edebilir. Başta Şerîfî’nin manzum tercümesi olmak üzere Şâhnâme tercümelerinde Zerdüşt karakterinin uğradığı dönüşüm bu duruma örnek teşkil etmektedir. İslam ve İran tarihi açısından farklı anlamlar ifade eden Zerdüşt, kaynak metin olan Şâhnâme’de olumlu bir şahsiyet olarak sunulurken bazı Türkçe tercümelerde olumsuz bir karakter olarak karşımıza çıkar.
Bu çalışmada; Şâhnâme ile tercümelerde Zerdüşt karakterinin nasıl bir şahsiyet olarak takdim edildiğinin tespiti yapılarak farklılıklar ortaya konulmuş, mütercimlerin bu konudaki çeviri kararlarında etkili olan âmiller tetkik edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra Şâhnâme tercümeleri ve nüshalarıyla ile ilgili bazı bilgiler de tashih edilmiştir.
Çalışmada; Şerîfî-i Amîdî tarafından yapılan manzum tercüme; II. Murad’ın emriyle yapılan, mütercimi belli olmayan tercüme; II. Osman’ın emriyle Medhî mahlaslı Derviş Hasan tarafından yapılan tercüme; İÜ Kütüphanesi Nadir Eserler TY6131-6133 numaralarıyla kayıtlı, mütercimi belli olmayan tercüme; İBB Kütüphanesi Muallim Cevdet nr. 101 numarasıyla kayıtlı tercüme; Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi Hüsrev Paşa nr. 370 numaralı Eyüp Sabri Paşa'ya ait olduğu kaydedilen tercüme incelenmiştir
Determinants of the economic adaptation of refugees: the case of Midyat Camp
Get PDFIn the context of the bottom-up approach to development and poverty reduction, this is the first study to use the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), with a slight adjustment, to study the economic adaptation of refugees within camps. The object- ive of this study was to explore the factors affecting the economic adaptation of refugees in Midyat Refugee Camp in Turkey. The study used a focus group to help design the questionnaire that was subsequently used to collect data from a sample of 393 households in Midyat Camp. The data was used to estimate a Structural Equations Model. The findings indicated that the most important factors in deter- mining refugees’ economic adaptation are human capital, social capital and institutions
Ganoderma Lucidum Alleviates Ischemia- Reperfusion-Induced Renal Injury in Wistar Rats
No full textOBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) kidney sections of rats induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 40 rats were assigned to 4 groups: control (Sham), I/R, G. lucidum, and I/R+ G. lucidum groups. Prior to animal experiments, 20 mL/kg G. lucidum was administered to the G. lucidum-treated groups for 7 days. The control and 1/R groups received only saline solution. The kidney was exposed to hypoxia for 1 hour by clamping renal vessels and was then allowed to reoxygenate for 6 hours. Blood was taken to measure for serum MDA, MPO, and GSH. Kidney tissues were resected for histological paraffin tissue protocol. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining were performed. RESULTS: MDA and MPO levels were highest in the I/R group but were close to the levels of the control group in the I/R+G. lucidum group. Unlike MDA and MPO values, GSH values were the lowest in the I/R group, but after G. lucidum treatment, GSH levels increased in the I/R+ G. lucidum group. In kidney sections of hematoxylin-eosin staining, the control group showed no pathology. In the I/R group, atrophic glomeruli, degenerated tubular cells, and mononuclear cell infiltration with dilated and congested vessels were observed. In the I/R+ G. lucidum group, I/R pathology was mostly recovered. In the G. lucidum group, ADAMTS-4 expression was moderately expressed in glomerular and tubular cells. The I/R group showed positive ADAMTS-4 expression in mostly inflammatory cells. In the I/R+ G. lucidun: group, ADAMTS-4 was positively expressed only in glomerular structures. In the G. lucidum group, caspase-3 expression was observed in glomerular and tubular cells. The I/R group showed strong caspase-3 activity in glomerular and tubular cells, in vascular cells, and inflammatory cells. The I/R +G. lucidum group showed weak caspase-3 expression. CONCLUSION: Ischemia-reperfusion injury caused histopathological and biochemical alterations in renal tissue; G. lucidum protected tissue structure and integrity by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
Electrocatalysis property of CuZn electrode with Pt and Ru decoration
No full textElectrocatalysis properties strongly depend on the interaction of metallic particles and this interaction enables to change the electronic structure of alloys which enhances the catalytic activity. This property is the key factor in the developing of cost-effective and efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production. In this study, novel electrocatalysts which are decorated with Pt and Ru have been developed for HER electrocatalysis. Microscopic analysis such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are performed to determine the morphological and compositional structures. Electrocatalysis properties are evaluated by cathodic current-potential curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1.0 M KOH solution. Chronoamperometry (CA) and cycle tests are used for stability/durability of electrocatalysts. Results show that a small onset potential of the porous Cu/Ni/CuZn–Pt is obtained for HER. Exchange current density and polarization resistance are found to be 5.39 mA cm−2 and 2.0 Ω cm2 at overpotential of −100 mV for porous Cu/Ni/CuZn–Pt, respectively, indicating that Cu/Ni/CuZn–Pt is higher electrocatalytic properties than the others. Moreover, very low overpotentials at 10 and 40 mA cm−2 are obtained on porous Cu/Ni/CuZn–Pt compared with porous Cu/Ni/CuZn–Ru and Cu/Ni/CuZn. Porous Cu/Ni/CuZn–Pt also displays excellent stability/durability in test solution. The remarkable electrocatalysis properties of porous Cu/Ni/CuZn–Pt can be explained due to high porous structure, leaching of Zn from the deposit, intrinsic activity of Pt as well as changing in the electronic structure. It should be considered that porous Cu/Ni/CuZn–Pt is of high corrosion resistance in test solution for 120 h, which makes it good candidate for HER
Thermal analysis of different Refuse Derived Fuels samples
No full textAs a result of the activities carried out by people to maintain their daily lives in
different places such as homes, hospitals, hotels or workplaces, waste consisting
of furniture, paint, batteries, food waste, sachets, bottles, fabrics, and fibers with
the heterogeneous structure is called municipal solid waste. Secondary fuels with
higher heating value, which are generated by recycling of non-recyclable and reusable wastes in municipal solid wastes, are called as refuse derived fuel (RDF).
In this study, RDF1 (taken in December, winter season) and RDF2 (taken in June,
summer season) samples obtained from different dates were used. The ultimate,
proximate, calorific value, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, and
differential scanning calorimetry analysis were performed for these samples.
Combustion characterization from RDF samples was investigated in the applied
analyzes. The results of the content analysis made were examined separately and
compared with the thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis
combustion graph curves. It was revealed that the RDF1 sample had a better combustion compared to the RDF2 sample, as the ash amount and content obtained as
a result of the combustion also supported other data. In addition, the results of the
analysis show how different the RDF samples taken from the same region in two
different months are different from each other
Common and atypical otorhinolaryngological findings of Covid-19
Get PDFPurpose: Several atypical presentations of COVID-19 like anosmia, conjuctivitis, and gastrointestinal findings are seen in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the common and atypical symptoms of COVID-19 among the patients admitted to the otorhinolaryngology (ENT) outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: This case series was conducted with 49 patients who applied to hospital between April 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020. Common and atypical otolaryngological findings were recorded. Sociodemographic findings and blood parameters were also evaluated. Results: Of the patients, 59.18% were aged 40 and over, 46.94% were of the A blood group, 55.10% were male and 24.49% were smokers, 51.02% had a chronic disease. Among typical symptoms; fever (71.43%), a dry cough (46.94%), shortness of breath (42.86%) was seen. Diarrhea (48.98%), runny nose (51.02%), nasal congestion (42.85%), sore throat (22.44%), headaches (32.65%), 18.36% olfactory disorder, 26.53% gustatory disturbance were noted. Olfactory and gustatory disturbances are found to be related to good prognosis and mild clinical course. The difference between Hg and D–dimer levels of the female and male patients were found to be statistically significant. The D-dimer levels determined in the present study were higher than those reported in the literature. Conclusion: While COVID-19 present with common symptoms, sometimes atypical symptoms can be the only finding during initial application to the hospital. Olfactory and gustatory disturbances point to the effects of COVID-19 on neurons. Neuronal effects like olfactory and gustatory disturbances should be closely monitored in COVID-19 patients in long term
On innovations of n-dimensional integral-type inequality on time scales
Get PDFIntegral-type inequalities and dynamic equations have an important place in time
scales. In this paper, we present some innovations of n-dimensional Minkowski’s
integral-type inequality on time scales via ♦α-integral
An Evaluation on Spatial and Functional Changes of the Mardin Idadi School
Get PDFTarihi binalara yapılan ilavelerin ve müdahalelerin tasarım yaklaşımları; mimari koruma ve restorasyon alanında devam eden tartışmalar arasındadır. Bu çalışma tarihi bir eğitim yapısının özelliklerine göre yapılan eklemelerin sonucunda uğradığı mekânsal ve işlevsel değişimleri ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada; Mardin kentinin ilk eğitim-öğretim yapısı olan idadi mektebin mekânsal dönüşümü çağdaş koruma ilkeleri dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi, tarihi idadi mektebinde yeni işlevler sonucunda, değişen kütle ve işlev ilişkilerini kronolojik olarak dönemler içerisinde tespit etmeye dayanmaktadır. Tarihi yapıya yapılan eklemeler incelenerek, önemli süreçler tespit edilmiş ve karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Uygulanan yöntem, kültürel miras yapılarında etki değerlendirmesi ve etki sürecinin tespit edilmesi alanına bir katkı olarak değerlendirilebilir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen tarihi idadi mektebi binasının, benzer ve uyumlu işlevler ile günümüze kadar özgün halini koruduğunu ve yapılan ek binanın ise mevcut tarihi yapının önüne geçmeyecek şekilde, farklı bir üslupta tasarlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumda, başarılı eklemeler ile İdadi mektebin korunması ve sürekli kullanım halinde olacak şekilde topluma kazandırılması; aidiyet duygusunu sonraki nesillere aktarmada katkıda bulunarak kentin eğitim-öğretim tarihi ile ilgili somut bir örnek olabilmektedir. Çalışmada; Mardin özelinden tarihi yapı geneline, kültür varlıklarına geri dönüşümü olmayan müdahaleler ile kütlesel ölçeğini değiştirerek yeniden işlevlendirmek yerine yapılan müdahalelerin özgün tarihi yapının tümüyle orantılı olması veya yeni bir ek yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.Indeed, architectural heritages are considered as aggregation of a civilization’s economic, social and cultural background. Accordingly, restoration, conservation and any intervention aimed at such valuable heritage are of great importance. Design approaches of interventions to historical buildings are among the ongoing discussions in the field of architectural conservation and restoration. This study aims to reveal the spatial and functional changes of a historical educational structure as a result of additions made according to its characteristics. The İdadi historical school in city of Mardin whose construction dates back to the late 19th century is chosen as the case study of this investigation. Mardin is located in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey and is one of the most crucial, historical and cultural poles of the country. Consequently, a diverse range of historical constructions including churches, monasteries, mosques, social complexes, traditional houses and pavilions are located in the city. There are a considerable number of studies investigating these constructions in the literature but there is no up-to-date work on historical educational buildings of Mardin. This study chose the İdadi historical school as a case study to fill this gap in literature. The spatial transformation of the İdadi school, which is considered to be the first educational structure of the city of Mardin, was evaluated in accordance with contemporary preservation principles. The method of the study was based on determining the constructional and functional changes in chronological periods as a result of the new functions being determined for the İdadi historical school. Integrated additions to the historical building were examined and comparisons were made over various time periods. The method applied can be considered as a contribution to the field of impact assessment and determination of the impact process in cultural heritage structures. It was determined that the İdadi historical school preserved its original form with similar and harmonious functions until today and the annex was designed in a different style, so as not to override the existing historical building. In this case, with successful additions and by preservation of the İdadi school structure it can be reintegrated to the society by providing continuous use. Particularly, appropriate refunctioning of a historical building is the most chief step in conservation, maintenance, contribution to the city’s skyline, revitalization of its peripheral context and contribution to the economy of the city. Since preparing survey and restitution projects and restoring the building alone is not sufficient for the protection of historical buildings and cultural heritages, sustainable conservation of a historical building would be more successful by appropriate refunctioning and maintaining its continuous use. For the reason that unfunctional structures remain vacant, such neglected constructions get more vulnerable to turn into ruins. However, according to the findings of this research, any changes to construction in accordance to refunction the historical building should not damage the originality of the structure. Accordingly, it has been concluded that the interventions to a historical structure in general and in this case to Mardin’s historical constructions should be in proportion to the original historical building rather than re-using by changing its constructional scale with non-recyclable interventions
The intercultural sensitivity levels of primary health care workers in a city in Eastern Turkey
Get PDFObjective: To assess intercultural sensitivity levels and related factors of primary healthcare workers providing care to a variety of socio-ethnic groups. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1, 2019, to February 1, 2020, in the city of Mardin, Turkey, and comprised primary healthcare workers. Data was collected using a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics and the Turkish version of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 24 software version. Results: Of the 150 subjects approached, 131(87.3%) volunteered to participate. Of them, 80(61%) were females and 51(39%) were males. The largest age group was 25-34 years having 77(59%) subjects. The total mean score of the intercultural sensitivity scale was 73.30±16.7. There was a strong relationship between the subscales of 'Responsibility and Interaction Attentiveness' and 'Respect for Cultural Differences' (p<0.01). Significant difference was found between the sensitivity levels and the job titles of the participants, their status of friendship in different countries, the opportunity to be with people in other cultures for any reason, the status of willingness to work in different cultures and their intercultural sensitivity scale scores (p<0.05). Conclusions: The level of cultural sensitivity of the healthcare professionals was overall moderate. © 2021 Pakistan Medical Association. All rights reserved
Case Study as a Research Method in Hospitality and Tourism Research: A Systematic Literature Review (1974–2020)
Get PDFThis systematic literature review aimed to investigate the use of case study method in hospitality and tourism research to increase the awareness about the use of case study as a research method. Data were collected (n = 871) from 10 leading hospitality and tourism journals published between 1974 and 2020. A thematic analysis of the data was conducted using Leximancer as a computer-aided analysis software. The study findings reveal an overall mislabel and misuse of the case study method. Suggestions are provided to improve case study method applications and increase case study research for more theory development in hospitality and tourism researc