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New Principles of Non-Linear Integral Inequalities on Time Scales
No full textThe concept of inequalities in time scales has attracted the attention of mathematicians for a quarter century. And these
studies have inspired the solution of many problems in the branches of physics, biology, mechanics and economics etc. In
this article, new principles of non-linear integral inequalities are presented in time scales via diamond-α dynamic integral
and the nabla integral
Ecofriendly/Rapid Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract of Waste Parts of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and Evaluation of their Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities
No full textRecycling wastes and providing their use in useful fields attract attention every day. In our study, with the extract prepared from the parts of the Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke) plant that is not suitable for human consumption, silver nanoparticles were easily synthesized in an ec-friendly, energy-free way. Characterization of the obtained nanoparticles was done with a UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis data. In these data, it was determined that AgNPs have a maximum absorbance at 458.8 nm wavelength, a crystal nanosize of 28.78 nm, and a spherical appearance. The zeta potential of (-) 16.9 mV indicates that silver nanoparticles exhibit a stable structure. Particles show antimicrobial effects on pathogenic species at concentrations of 0.03-0.25 μg/ml, and it was determined by using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) microdilution method. By examining their cytotoxic effects on U118, CaCo-2, and Skov-3 cancer cell lines and healthy HDF cell lines by the MTT method, concentrations of inhibitive effects on survival were determined
Economic fast synthesis of olive leaf extract and silver nanoparticles and biomedical applications
No full textIn this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized economically and simply using an environmentally friendly method with the extract obtained from agricultural waste olive leaves. AgNPs synthesized according to the analysis data were determined to have maximum absorbance at 433.5 nm wavelength, spherical appearance, 7.2 nm crystal nano size and -19.9 mV zeta potential. It was determined by the microdilution method with Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) that AgNPs exert a suppressive effect on the growth of pathogen gram-negative, positive bacteria and yeast at very low concentrations. The cytotoxic effects of the particles were investigated on healthy cell lines (HDF) and cancerous cell lines (U118, CaCo-2, Skov-3). AgNPs showed up to 70% suppression in cancer cell lines
Organizational Structure and Relationship Networks of Kelek Raftsmen in the Ottoman Diyarbakır
No full textKeçi veya koyun tulumlarının şişirilmesi ve üzerlerine keresteden platformların eklenmesiyle yapılan kelek, Osmanlı dönemi boyunca Dicle Nehri’nin DiyarbakırMusul arası kısmında hem nakliyat hem de ulaşımda kullanılan yegâne vasıta olmuştur. Diyarbakır ve çevresinde üretilen mal ve eşya, kelek vasıtasıyla Irak pazarlarına, oradan da uluslararası pazarlara taşınmıştır. Şehir ticareti ve ulaşımındaki etkin rolüne dayalı olarak, kelek imâl eden ve onu nehir yolunda kullanan kelekçiler, şehrin iktisadi örgütlenmesinin önemli bileşenlerinden biri hâline gelmiştir. Dicle’nin Musul’a kadar olan kısmının topoğrafyası ve sığ debisinin kelek dışında başka bir vasıtaya imkân tanımaması kelekçiliği, bu bölgeyle sınırlı bir mesleğe dönüştürmüştür. Böylece kelekçilik, Osmanlı Devleti’nin esnaf birliklerinin belli ilkelere bağlı olarak işleyen yapısına Diyarbakır bölgesine münhasır bir meslek olarak dâhil olmuştur. Mesleki anlamda kelekçiliğin örgütsel yapısı ve bu yapıdan kaynaklı ilişkiler ağına dâir çalışma eksikliği, bu konuya yönelmemizi sağlamıştır. Söz konusu eksikliği gidermek amacıyla hazırladığımız bu çalışmada, kelekçilik mesleğine ve loncasına yönelik detaylı bilgiler sunulmaktadır. Çalışmada, Osmanlı Arşivi ve Diyarbakır Şer’iye Sicillerinin 18. yüzyıl ile 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısına ait verilerinden hareketle, Osmanlı Dönemi’nde Diyarbakır ekonomisinin önemli bir iş kolu olan kelekçiliğin örgütlenme biçimi ve işleyiş düzeni incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede mesleki örgütlenmenin işleyişinde kelekçilerin devlet ve esnaf örgütleriyle kurduğu ilişki ağları tespit edilerek söz konusu ilişkinin yapısı çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır.Kelek, an ancient type of raft, made of timber and wooden frames laid upon inflated goatskins, had been the sole vehicle of transportation and carrying in the Diyarbakır-Mosul part of the Tigris River during the Ottoman period. The goods and commodities produced in Diyarbakır and its surroundings got into Iraqi markets by means of keleks and from there to international markets. In addition to commodities, the utilization of kelek also in passenger transportation has made the kelek raftsmen, who manufactured and used kelek on the river road, an important component of the economic organization of the city. In the professional sense, the organizational structure of kelek raftsmen and the lack of study on the network of relationships stemming from this structure have led us to address this issue. This study, which we prepared in order to fill the deficiency in question, gives detailed information based on documents related to the profession of kelek raftsmen. Based on the data collected from the Ottoman Archives and Diyarbakır Court Records, this study examines the organizational structure and functioning order of kelek raftsmen, which was an important business line of the economy of Diyarbakir in the Ottoman period. In this framework and within the context of functioning of their professional organization, the relationship networks established by kelek raftsmen with the state and other craftsman’s organizations were determined and the structure of these relationships were tried to be analyzed
The combination of N-acetylcysteine and cyclosporin A reduces acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice
Get PDFAcetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure in worldwide. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is used as the APAP antidote. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is suppressed mitochondrial damage by binding cyclophilin, a mitochondrial pore transport component. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of NAC, CsA, and NAC+CsA treatments on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6). 400 mg/kg/ip/single dose APAP, 1200 mg/kg/i.p/single dose NAC and 50 mg/kg/i.p/single dose CsA were performed. Light and electron microscopic alterations were investigated in liver samples. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and liver glutathione (GSH) were analyzed. 3-nitrotyrosine and cytochrome c immunoreactivities were evaluated in liver tissue. Here, we found that APAP leads to histopathological and ultrastructural changes in mice liver. Also, APAP increased cytochrome c and 3-nitrotyrosine immunopositive staining. Besides, a significant decrease in liver GSH and an increase in serum AST and ALT levels were detected in the APAP group. Interestingly, NAC+CsA treatment improved histological alterations, cytochrome c, and 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivities and liver GSH, serum AST/ALT levels caused by APAP. We suggest that the combination of NAC and CsA reduces acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice
First report of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae on common sage (Salvia officinalis)
No full textIn June 2020, many plants exhibited symptoms of root rot and foliar blight in the experimental field of common sage in Sanliurfa province, Turkey. The pathogen was identified as Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of partial sequence of the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha gene and the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by successful re-isolation of the pathogen from inoculated plants in the pathogenicity assay. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of N. novaehollandiae causing root rot and foliar blight of common sage worldwide
Evidence of Muhammad's (pbuh) Prophethood in Qadi Abd al-Jabbar
Get PDFBu çalışmanın amacı Kâdî Abdülcebbâr’ın Hz. Peygamber’in nübüvvetini temellendirme yöntemini ve risâletinin kanıtlarını sistematik şekilde ortaya koymaktır. Usûl-i selâse arasında bulunan nübüvvet ulûhiyyet ve meâd ile birlikte yer alan üç temel mevzudan birisidir. Allah’a imanın ve diğer itikadî esasların kabulü ancak nübüvvet müessesesi ile mümkündür. Günümüzde ateistik akımların peygamber ve din karşıtlığı üzerinde merkezileşmesi nübüvvetin ispatına dair literatürü daha fazla önemli hale getirmiş ve bu konuda yeni çalışmaları gerekli kılmıştır. Kâdî Abdülcebbâr’ın nübüvvetin ispatı bağlamında ortaya koyduğu deliller, peygambere imanın klasik kanıtlarını görmek açısından mühimdir. O, aklî, haberî ve hissî mûcizelere dayanarak nübüvveti ispat etmeye çalışmıştır. Bu bağlamda Kur’an fesâhat ve belagat açısından, içerdiği gaybî haberler ve aklî delillere vurgu yapması yönüyle en önemli nübüvvet delilidir. Haberî mûcizeler de Hz. Peygamber’in nübüvvetini kanıtladığı gibi bu haberlerin yer aldığı Kur’an’ın da hak kitap olduğunu ortaya koyar. Onun, Mu’tezilî kelamcıların çoğunluğundan farklı olarak hissî mûcizeleri risâlet delili olarak ele alması da onu Sünnî düşünceye yaklaştırmıştır.The purpose of this study is to systematically reveal the Qadi Abd al-Jabbar's method of the foundation of prophethood and evidence of the prophethood of Muhammad (pbuh). Prophethood, which is among the usul as-salase, is one of the three fundamental issues that take place together with divinity and madd. The acceptance of faith in Allah and other creed principles is only possible with the institution of prophethood. Today, the centralization of atheistic currents on the opposition of prophethood and religion has made the literature on the proof of prophethood more essential and required new studies on this subject. The evidence put forward by Qadi Abd al-Jabbar in the context of the proof of prophethood is essential in seeing the classical proofs of faith in the prophet. He tried to prove prophethood based on rational, informed and emotional miracles. In this context, the Quran is the most important evidence of prophethood in terms of misconduct and rhetoric, emphasizing the unseen news and rational evidence it contains. Narrative miracles also prove the prophethood of the Muhammad (pbuh) and reveal that the Quran in which these news takes place is an actual book. Unlike the majority of Mu'tezilite theologians, his treatment of emotional miracles as evidence of prophethood brought him closer to Sunni thought
Kemançe” and “Mû-Zik”: Identity in nusaybin doms
No full textBu çalışmada Mardin’in Nusaybin ilçesinde yaşayan Domların kendilerini nasıl
tanımladıkları konu edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma boyunca kendisinden hareket edilen kavram kimlik kavramıdır. Kimliğin ilişkisel olduğu kabul edilerek
çalışmanın merkezini Domlar ile Nusaybin ilçe nüfusunun geri kalanı arasındaki
ilişkiler oluşturmaktadır. Bu ilişkilerin arakesitinde ise müzik yer alır. Nusaybinli
Domlar kendilerini öncelikli olarak müzisyen diye tanımlar ve öyle de tanımlanırlar. Nusaybinli Domların ana sazları ise rebap denen enstrümandır. Yerel dilde
“kemançe” olarak adlandırılan rebap Domlar ile özdeşleşmiştir. Müzisyenlik ve
kemançe Dom kimliğinin oluşumundaki temel tartışma eksenini oluşturmaktadır.
Çalışma boyunca kemançe bir maddi kültür öğesi olarak ele alınmakta olup Dom
kimliğinin oluşumunda kemançenin nasıl bir rol oynadığı soruşturulmaktadır. Bu
yolla çalışmanın açığa çıkarmayı hedeflediği temel mesele Dom kimliğinin nasıl
kurulduğudur. Bu temel meseleye ek olarak ayrıca maddi kültür aracılığıyla kişiler
ve nesneler arasındaki ilişki üzerine düşünülmesi de amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma,
2011 – 2015 yılları ile 2018 – 2019 yılları arasında Mardin’in Nusaybin ilçesinde
yaşayan Domlar ile yürütülen alan araştırmasına dayanmaktadır. Katılımlı gözlem ve derinlemesine görüşme tekniklerinin kullanıldığı bu alan araştırmasında
etnografik yöntem benimsenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen alan araştırmasından hareketle çalışmada, kemançenin Dom kimliğinin oluşumundaki faillerden biri ve Dom
kimliğinin değişen bağlam ve durumlara göre yeniden biçimlenmeye açık olduğu
sonucuna varılmıştır
First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing blight of Melissa officinalis in Turkey
No full textIn July 2020, a blight disease on lemon balm plants was observed with an incidence of up to 10% in three fields in Sanliurfa province, Turkey. The causal agent was identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum based on macro- and micro-morphological features of the colonies and sequencing of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene and the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA. Re-isolation of N. dimidiatum from lemon balm plants showing blight symptoms was successfully established. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. dimidiatum causing blight on lemon balm in Turkey and worldwide
Relationship Between School Performance and Breakfast Quality in Refugee Children: Case Study of Mardin Region
No full textBackground: Many studies have found that the academic success of school-age children is proved to be in close relation with regular
and healthy nutrition.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between breakfast quality and academic success of refugee primaryschool children.
Methods: After scanning 24 schools in the city center, 384 students who were refugee Syrians from primary schools in Mardin city
center were included. In addition to the demographic characteristics of the individuals, breakfast habits of these students were
investigated.
Results: In this study, 91.6% of the children stated that they have breakfast habits. The reasons for skipping breakfast among students
of all levels can be listed as being late for school (67.8%) and not liking to have breakfast (18.8%). The breakfast quality index (BQI)
score was low in both boys and girls and all age groups. According to this marked value, all age groups had poor nutrition in terms
of breakfast. Although girls showed a significant difference in all age groups (P = 0.046), this difference was not significant among
boys (P = 0.671). The number of students with a breakfast quality score higher than 8 was very low. It was observed that boys had the
highest academic success with the lowest breakfast quality score. The breakfast quality score of girls with the best academic success
ranged between 4 - 7 points.
Conclusions: It was observed that academic success was linked to having breakfast habit, and students had breakfast habit performed relatively better in school compared to those who did not