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A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia
Get PDFLiterary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom's northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region
Food Rituals of Mardin
Get PDFBu araştırmanın amacı Mardin’in yemek ritüellerini belirlemek ve ritüellerin nedenleri ile
2020’li yıllarda uygulanıp uygulanmadığını tespit etmektir. Etnografik nitel araştırma
kapsamında birincil veriler görüşme yolu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu
çeşitli etnik kökene sahip, yemek konusunda bilgili ve tecrübeli 50 yaş ve üzeri yerli halktan
28 kadın oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu
kullanılmıştır. Doğum, nişan, düğün ve ölüm gibi geçiş dönemleri ve kutsal gün ritüelleri
ilgili veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular, yemek ritüellerinde benzerlik ve farklılıkların olduğunu göstermektedir. Birtakım
değişikliklere uğrayan ritüellerin çoğu hala uygulanırken, bazı ritüeller ise günümüz
şartlarında önemini yitirdiği görülmüştürThe aim this research is to determine the food rituals of Mardin and to determine the reasons
for the rituals and whether they are practiced in 2020’s. Primary data were collected through
interviews within the scope of qualitative ethnographic research. The study group of the
research consisted of 28 women from local people aged 50 and over, with various ethnic
origins, knowledgeable and experienced in food. A semi-structured interview form was
used as a data collection tool. Data were collected on transitional periods such as birth,
engagement, wedding and death, and sacred day rituals. Descriptive analysis method was
used in the analysis of the data. The findings show that there are similarities and differences
in food rituals. While most of the rituals that have undergone some changes are still being
practiced, it has been seen that some rituals have lost their importance in today’s conditions
Reflections of COVID-19 Pandemic Process on Education
Get PDFCovid-19 salgını eğitim ile büyük bir şok oldu. Eğitim ile ilgili bütün paydaşlar daha önce alışık olmadıkları bir durumla baş başa kaldılar. Acil uzaktan eğitim ile öğrencilerin öğrenmesine devam etmeleri sağlanmışsa da bu sürecin eğitim üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu etkilerin neler olduğunun belirlenmesi gelecekteki eğitimler için önem araz etmektedir. Bu araştırmada, öğretmen görüşlerine göre Covid-19 salgın sürecinin eğitime yansımalarının incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada olgubilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu farklı branş ve kurumlarda çalışan 26 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler elektronik ortamda toplanmış olup toplanan veriler içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin genel anlamda eğitime olumlu ve olumsuz yansımaları olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Olumlu yansımaların öğrenciye, öğretmene, uzaktan eğitime ve veliye yönelik olduğu; olumsuz yansımaların da eğitim öğretime, öğretmene, öğrenciye yönelik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrenciye yönelik olumsuz yansımaların da öğrencilerin sosyal ilişkileri, kişisel hayatları, psikolojik ve sağlık durumları ile ilgili olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.Introduction When the relevant literature is examined, it is stated that the COVID-19 epidemic causes different positive and negative effects on education. Determining what these effects are is important for planning the education process and for education stakeholders. It is expected that the research will serve to meet this need. In this direction, it is aimed to determine the reflections of the Covid-19 Pandemic process on education, according to teacher opinions. The results of the research are expected to present scientific data to school administrators, teachers, teacher training institutions, students and policy makers and contribute to the education literature. Within the scope of the research, it has been tried to determine the positive and negative reflections of the Covid-19 pandemic process on education according to the opinions of teachers. Method This research was designed as a phenomenology. It is thought that the COVID-19 epidemic process will have reflections on education. With the phenomenology pattern, these reflections are revealed in detail and in depth. The criterion sampling method was used in the study. Inclusion criteria in the sampling were determined as being involved in distance education processes and still working as a teacher. 26 teachers with these characteristics were included in the study. 10 of the teachers work in secondary school, eight of them work in primary and high school. While 10 of the teachers are male, 16 are female. A semi-structured interview form was utilized as a data collection tool. Data collection tool, which was prepared in line with the expert opinions and pre-applied, was sent to the teachers in the study group by e-mail. The data collected from the teachers in the study group were analyzed by descriptive and content analysis. Results According to the results of the research, it has been revealed that the COVID-19 epidemic process has positive and negative reflections on education. The positive reflections are in the form of being autonomous in learning for the student, adapting to distance education for the teacher, and being an alternative option in mandatory situations. The negative reflections are in the form of students’ alienation from the lessons and the increase in the workload of teachers. In addition, the process reflected negatively on students in terms of social relations, personal life, psychological and health conditions. Conclusion One of the positive reflections of the pandemic process on students is the effective use of technological tools. It was stated that this situation contributed to the increase of students’ digital literacy skills. With the more use of technological tools, learning in lessons has been made more enjoyable, students have been able to listen to the lessons as they wished and have the opportunity to arrange their study times as they wish. It was determined as another reflection that teachers offer students the opportunity to learn independently of time and place. In addition, students have the opportunity to become autonomous in learning, to receive education from home, to progress at their own pace and to experience new experiences. According to the research findings, it has been revealed that the negative reflections of the COVID-19 epidemic process on education are related to education, students and teachers. The teachers stated that the students regressed cognitively, the first-year students did not gain sufficient literacy skills, the students studying in other classes had difficulties in understanding, comprehending, making connections between the subjects and experiencing learning difficulties. In addition, they stated that with the pandemic process, students were alienated from school and lessons, their desire to wonder and research decreased, and they developed a negative attitude towards the lesson. According to the research findings, it has been determined that the negative reflections of the pandemic process on students are related to their social relations, personal lives, psychology and health. It was stated that with the pandemic, students became lonely, their belonging to the school weakened, they had difficulty in expressing themselves and adapting to the environment. Besides, it was stated that during this period, students’ private information became open to digital risks, technological addiction and the possibility of dropping out of school increased, child labor and early marriage could be in question. In addition, it was stated that they were bored in the lesson, felt fear and psychological discomfort, and faced obesity due to being inactive for a long time. According to the research findings, it has been revealed that the pandemic process has negative reflections on teachers. Along with the pandemic period, teachers faced a training process that they were not accustomed to. In addition, it was stated that the bond between teacher-student weakened, the losses incurred would burden teachers in the future, and the difference between students who participated in distance education and those who did not would deepen. It has been stated that this situation will force teachers in planning the learning process and managing the classroom
The anatomical properties of Salvia section (Lamiaceae) in central district of Mardin (Turkey) and their taxonomic implications
Get PDFIn this study, 4 Salvia species found in the Salvia section distributed in the Artuklu district of Mardin province were analyzed comparatively in terms of anatomy. Plant specimens of Salvia section were collected from 11 localities. Anatomical studies were performed on specimens preserved in 70% alcohol. Transverse sections taken from the roots, stems, leaves, and petioles of the species were examined under a light microscope for anatomical examination. The anatomy of S. bracteata, S. macrochlamys, S. suffruticosa, S. trichoclada species were examined. The S. suffruticosa species was examined in detail for the first time anatomically. The data obtained as a result of the researches were compared with the previous studies on the Salvia section. In anatomical examinations, it was observed that the root, stem, leaf, and petiole structures of the taxa were similar but shapes and measurements in addition to this the number of tissue layers and pith rows are different. Also anatomically analyses, it has been seen that hairiness formed a difference between some species. As a result of all these discussed data, the anatomical characters such as number of ray rows in root, number of collenchyma layers in stem, mesophyll structures in leaves, shape of midrib and number of vascular bundles in petiole, provide important taxonomic information
Reading Classical Poetry With Kierkegaard: Stages of Existence And Stock Characters
Get PDFDivan şiiri kendine mahsus bir hayat görüşünü, dünya ve varoluş algısını da içinde barındırır. Bu hayat görüşünün makbûl olan ve olmayan tipleri şiire yansır. Bu çalışmayı ilgilendiren tipler sahte âşık (ehl-i hevâ, ehl-i heves), zâhid ve âşık’tır. Bu tiplerin belli başlı özellikleri Divan şiiri mahsullerinde tespit edilebilmektedir. Böylelikle kabule mazhar olan ve kınanan hayat tarzlarını belirlemek de mümkündür. Diğer yandan insan varoluş biçimlerini estetik, etik ve dinî olmak üzere üç kısımda ele alan Kierkegaard bu üç evreyi temsil eden; edebiyat, müzik, tarih ve mitoloji gibi farklı alanlardan tipler seçmiştir. Bu çalışmada Divan şiirinin yukarıda bahsi geçen üç tipi ile Kierkegaard’ın varoluş evreleri arasında bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Buna göre estetik evrenin dolaysız hazcısı ile ehl-i heves, etik evrenin ahlakçı tipi ile zâhid, din evresinin iman şövalyesi ile âşık tipleri mukayeseli bir şekilde tahlil edilmiştir. Divan şiiriyle doğrudan bir teması tespit edilemeyen Kierkegaard’ın, tasnif ve tarif ettiği varoluş biçimleriyle Divan şiirindeki söz konusu tipler arasındaki benzerliğin nasıl yorumlanabileceği üzerine düşünceler ortaya konulmuşturDivan poetry contains a unique view of life, the perception of the world and existence. The acceptable and undesirable stock characters of this view of life are reflected in the poem. The stock characters that are relevant to this study are the false lover (ehl-i havâ, ehl-i heves), the ascetic (zahid) and the lover (aashiq). The main features of these stock characters can be determined in the Divan poetry works. In this way, it is also possible to determine the lifestyles that are accepted or condemned. On the other hand, Kierkegaard, who deals with human existence forms in three parts aesthetic, ethical and religious, represents these three stages, chose characters from different fields such as literature, music, history and mythology. In this study, a comparison has been made between the three stock characters of Divan poetry mentioned above and the stages of existence of Kierkegaard. Accordingly, the immediate hedonist of the aesthetic universe and ehl-i heves (people of caprice), the moralistic type of the ethical universe and zahid (the ascetic), the knight of faith of the religious stage and aşık (lover) have been analyzed comparatively. Thoughts have been put forward on how the similarity between the stock characters in Divan poetry and the forms of existence classified and described by Kierkegaard, whose direct contact with the Divan poetry could not be determined, can be interpreted
Evaluation as time-dependent of pesticides applied in pre-harvest period of grown vegetables: removal of pesticide residues in the vegetables
No full textPesticide use has benefits such as increasing the quality and amount of food required to sustain the human population. However, its harmful effects on the environment and human health are of great concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate concentrations as timedependent of the pesticide and the removal of pesticide residues in vegetable samples with the aid of the QuEChERS 2007.01 procedure. The analytical method has been validated according to SANTE/12682/2019. Good linearity (2.5–100 ng/mL, R2 > 0.99) was observed, and the recovery yields ranged from 94.76% to 104.03%, repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 2.33% to 4.59% and reproducibility (RSDwR) ranged from 4.06% to 8.40%. LOD and LOQ values were determined to be 3.00 ng/g and 10.00 ng/g, respectively. The grown tomato, eggplant and cucumber samples were sprayed with drugs against pests and diseases. Imidacloprid in the grown tomato, cucumber and eggplant samples was determined to be 0.026, 0.186 and 0.096 mg/kg, respectively. Trifloxystrobin was determined to be 0.102, 0.129 and 0.063 mg/kg, respectively. It was determined that pesticide residue in vegetable samples decreases by washing and peeling but does not disappear completely. The peeling process was determined to be more effective than washing. The concentration of pesticide residues in the shell part was found to be hight than in the whole product. Thus, it is important to consume vegetables with their skin peeled and to consume the unpeeled ones by washing them with water at least
God and Human Conceiving According to Sehbenderzade Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi
Get PDFBu makalenin amacı Şehbenderzâde Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi’nin Allah ve insan hakkındaki görüşlerini incelemektir. Son dönem Osmanlı düşünürlerinden olan Filibeli’nin Allah ve insan kavramlarına ilişkin görüşleri felsefî ve tasavvufî niteliktedir. Tanrı ve ruhu inkâr eden pozitivist düşüncenin yaygınlık kazandığı bir dönemde Filibeli’nin din savunusu temelde vahdet-i vücûd görüşüne dayanmaktadır. Vücûd sıfatına sahip tek hakikatın olduğunu savunan Filibeli, insanı Allah’ın irade ve kudret sıfatlarının bir tecellisi ve yansıması olarak tanımlar. Ona göre insan ruh ve cesedin vahdetidir. Yeryüzünde şahsiyet sahibi yegâne varlık insan olup ona bu özelliğini idrak ve ahlak sahibi oluşu verir. Ahlak için dinin zorunlu olması, insanın dine muhtaç oluşunun temel sebebi niteliğindedir. Filibeli vahdet-i vücûdu savunsa da Allah tasavvurunda teşbihi reddetmiştir. Keza Filibeli aşırı tenzihî yoruma çıkmışsa da özellikle Batı düşüncesinde görülen bu tip yorumların dünyevileşmeye ve oradan da deizme yöneleceğini fark etmiş ve kendine has bir yorumla vahdet-i vücûd düşüncesinde somutlaşan Tanrı tasavvuruna ağırlık vermiştir. Hakikati tek varlığa indirgemiş olan Filibeli’nin insan yorumu, ruh ve din ile sıkı bir ilişki içerisindedir. Sekülerizmin gölgesinde din karşıtlığının ivme kazandığı bu dönemde Filibeli’nin görüşlerini incelemek, günümüz akaid ve kelam probleminin çözümüne katkı sağlayacağına inanıyoruz
The effect of hospital-based breastfeeding group education given early perinatal period on breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding status
No full textAim: This study was conducted to examine the effect of hospital-based group breastfeeding education provided to mothers before discharge from the hospital on mothers’ self-efficacy and on the increase of breastfeeding rates. Methods: This randomized controlled educational research was conducted in the hospital is located in the West of Turkey. Ninety mothers who had healthy and term babies, and an intent to breastfeed their babies participated in the study. The questionnaire forms were collected by the researcher using face to face interview technique. Chi-square, dependent and independent groups t-test and ANOVA analysis were used along with descriptive statistics in analyzing the data. Results: Compared to the control group, the scores obtained from the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale were higher in the education group in all the follow-ups. Similarly, status of exclusive breastfeeding was higher in the education group compared to the control group. In the twelfth week, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 80.0% in the education group, while it was 47.5% in the control group. Conclusion: These results show that breastfeeding group education and follow-up counseling given before discharge from the hospital were effective. This is evidence in favor of increasing the use of group education. This RCT was registered NCT04515862 with www.clinicaltrials.gov on 2020
The Effect of Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) Enhanced Schroth Method Training on Cobb Angle and Quality of Life in Patients with Scoliosis
Get PDFAim: Different treatment models are applied in cases that affect the quality of life of individuals with scoliosis. It has been stated that exercise applications, especially used in addition to physical therapy, are effective in the treatment process of patients with scoliosis. In recent years, Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has been used to increase the performance of athletes. Accordingly, this study was planned to examine the effect of Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) application on scoliosis cobb angle and quality of life in patients with scoliosis.
Methods: Twenty-four female scoliosis patients with scoliosis Cobb angle between 250 and 400 in the thoracic region between the ages of 14-26 participated in the study. The patients participating in the study were divided into three different groups as EMS Schroth exercise group (EMSS=8), Schroth exercise group (SE=8) and control group (CG=8). In addition, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), Cobb angle measurements were taken for each group before and after the study. Scoliosis Research Society 22 scale (SRS-22) was used for these measurements. SPSS 25 statistical package program was used to evaluate the data. Since the data were not normally distributed, Mann Whitney U-test was used for pairwise comparisons. Kruskal Wallis H-tests were used to compare more than two groups. The level of significance was accepted as P<0.05 in the evaluations.
Results: It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the age, weight, height and BMI of the EMSS, SE and CG participants and it was found that the EMSS cobb angle decreased statistically. Also, it was stated that there was a stable and very slight decrease in the SE cobb angle. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the negative direction in the CG cobb angle. It was determined that there was a significant change in SRS-22 scale values in all sub-dimensions of EMSS and SE, and there was no statistically significant difference in the pre-test and post-test mean scores of the other sub dimensions except the pain sub-dimension of the CG scale.
Conclusion: EMS exercises will save time in terms of faster recovery of patients in the treatment of scoliosis. Besides, it will be very beneficial in terms of time and cost by shortening the rehabilitation period of athletes after sports injuries
Investigation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties and Specification of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Derived From Cicer arietinum L. Green Leaf Extract
Get PDFUsing biological materials to synthesize metallic nanoparticles has become a frequently preferred method by researchers. This synthesis method is both fast and inexpensive. In this study, an aqueous extract obtained from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (CA) leaves was used in order to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). For specification of the synthesized AgNPs, UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), and zeta potential (ZP) analyses data were used. Biologically synthesized AgNPs demonstrated a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 417.47 nm after 3 h. With the powder XRD model, the mean crystallite dimension of nanoparticles was determined as 12.17 mm with a cubic structure. According to the TEM results, the dimensions of the obtained silver nanoparticles were found to be 6.11–9.66 nm. The ZP of the electric charge on the surface of AgNPs was measured as −19.6 mV. The inhibition effect of AgNPs on food pathogen strains and yeast was determined with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method. AgNPs demonstrated highly effective inhibition at low concentrations especially against the growth of B. subtilis (0.0625) and S. aureus (0.125) strains. The cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles on cancerous cell lines (CaCo-2, U118, Sk-ov-3) and healthy cell lines (HDF) were revealed. Despite the increase of AgNPs used against cancerous and healthy cell lines, no significant decrease in the percentage of viability was detected. Copyright © 2022 Baran, Fırat Baran, Keskin, Hatipoğlu, Yavuz, İrtegün Kandemir, Adican, Khalilov, Mammadova, Ahmadian, Rosić, Selakovic and Eftekhari