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The protective effects of different parts of hypericum perforatum extracts on human mononuclear leukocytes in hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and their phenolic contents
Get PDFOxidative stress is the state of the formation of some pathophysiological condition with the excessive increase of the normal amount of free radicals in the organism. In
this study, the in vivo genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of methanol and water extract and phenolic content of Hypericum perforatum flower, fruit, and seed methanol
extracts were analyzed. HPLC was used to evaluate the quantities of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, O-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and
catechin in the methanol extracts. The alkaline comet test was used to assess the DNA damage and protective effects of H. perforatum flower fruit, seed methanol, and
water extract on human mononuclear leukocytes. The amounts of catechin and caffeic acid in seed methanol extract were found as quite high when compared to other
extracts. The highest protective effects were seen at 10 and 50μg/ml concentrations of seed methanol extract. The optimum doses of fruit, flower, and seed extracts obtained
from H. perforatum neutralized the genotoxic effect. This effect is stronger in seed methanol extract than other extracts. We suggest that more research is needed to evaluate
the effects of H. perforatum phytochemicals in vitro and in vivo
Extended contact with Turks and Syrian refugees' intention to migrate: The mediating roles of ingroup and outgroup identification
No full textTurkey hosts millions of Syrian refugees, while very little is known about the factors that relate to their voluntary intentions to return and migrate to Western countries. We proposed that extended contact with the host group members, the mere knowledge of ingroup members having positive interactions with others, can be associated with refugees’ intentions to return and migrate to Western countries. To investigate this idea, we examined associates of both positive and negative extended contact because negativity is also a part of intergroup interactions with a sample of Syrian adults (N = 358). We also examined mediating roles of ingroup identification (identification with Syrians) and identification with the host society (identification with Turks) for the associations between intergroup contact and intentions to migrate. Results revealed that positive and negative extended contact were associated, respectively, with reduced and greater return migration intentions via identification with the host society. Extended positive contact was related to reduced intentions to migrate to the West while negative contact did not have a significant association with the intention to migrate. Ingroup identification was solely associated with increased intentions to return. Intergroup contact and social identification processes maintain a potential to explain the underlying processes behind migration decisions among refugees
Effects of Massage Therapy on Clinical Symptoms of Older People
Get PDFNurses can improve outcomes of patient care by integrating complementary and alternative therapies with traditional medical practices. Among the non-pharmacological methods that can be used in geriatrics and gerontology are massage, aromatherapy, relaxation, meditation, therapeutic touch, biofeedback (neurotherapy), guided affective imagery (creative psychotherapy), reflexology, acupressure, and naturopathy. Massage therapy attracts the attention of healthcare professionals, patients, and families because it improves many symptoms, it has no side effects, it is easy to learn and apply, and is safe, effective, and economical. Massage therapy is used in geriatric patients for various purposes. For instance, it is effective in the management of pain, agitation, stress, anxiety, worry, and depression, it relieves constipation and improves the range of motion of the joints. Massage therapy together with pharmacological treatments reduces many symptoms of neurological diseases and neurological disease-associated risks, and it has a safe, supportive and positive effect. It is thought that this review, based on the effects of massage therapy, can be a guide especially for nurses working with elderly patients in the neurology clinic
Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia
Get PDFWe present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia
Exploring genetic diversity and Population structure of five Aegilops species with inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers
No full textBackground: Turkey is not only a center of origin for wheat, but also contains wild forms of various cereals. Turkey, located in the Fertile Crescent, has conserved its genetic richness to the present day. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic diversity of 70 wild wheat species, to evaluate the structure of diversity in germplasm and to generate useful data for further breeding programs.
Methods and results: Genetic diversity and population structure of 70 wild wheat species (Ae. cylindrica, Ae. geniculata, Ae. triuncialis, T. dicocoides, Ae. columnaris) collected from Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions of Turkey were investigated in this study with the use of inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers. Of 35 iPBS primers used, 11 yielded a total of 61 alleles. Number of alleles per marker varied between 2 (iPBS-2085) and 9 (iPBS-2394) with an average value of 5.55. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values varied between 0.22 and 0.47, with an average value of 0.35. Average number of effective alleles (Ne) was identified as 1.9488, Nei's genetic diversity (H) as 0,4861 and Shannon's information index (I) as 0.6791. Cluster analysis through unweighted pair-group mean average (UPGMA) method revealed that 70 wild wheats were divided into three main clusters. Genetic similarity between the genotypes, calculated with the use of NTSYS-pc software, varied between 19% (YB2 and YB70) and 98% (YB66 and YB67). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that three principal coordinates explained 62.33% of total variation. Moreover, population structure analysis showed that all genotypes formed three sub-populations. Expected heterozygosity values varied between 0.2666 (the first sub-population) and 0.2330 (third sub-population), with an average value of 0.2500. Average population differentiation measurement (Fst) was identified as 0.3716 for the first sub-population, 0.3930 for the second subpopulation and 0.4804 for the third sub-population.
Conclusions: Based on present findings population structure of 70 wild wheat genotypes collected from Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions of Turkey were successfully characterized with the use of iPBS markers. Present findings suggested that iPBS-retrotransposon markers could reliably be used to elucidate genetic diversity of Aegilops genotypes
I. Dünya Savaşı’nda Osmanlı ve İngiliz Savaş Dergilerinin Propaganda Bağlamında Karşılaştırılması: “The War Illustrated” ve “Harp Mecmuası” Örneği
No full textİlk kitlesel savaş olan I. Dünya Savaşı’nda, kitle iletişim araçlarının propaganda amacıyla yoğun şekilde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Savaş yılları boyunca basın sıkı bir denetim altında tutulmuş, bizzat devlet eliyle çıkarılan gazete ve dergilerle halka ve askerlere verilmek istenilen mesajlar doğrudan iletilmiştir. Bu dönemde çıkarılan “savaş dergileri” (war magazine) ya da “askeri dergiler” (military magazine), mesajların doğrudan hedef kitleye iletilmesi açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Mevcut literatürde Osmanlı Devleti’nin I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında yaptığı propaganda faaliyetleriyle savaştığı ülkelerdeki propaganda faaliyetlerini karşılaştırarak inceleyen çalışmaların sayısının oldukça yetersiz olduğu gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında, dönemin süper gücü konumundaki Büyük Britanya’nın ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin askeri dergilerdeki propaganda faaliyetlerini propaganda teknikleri açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemek, bu yolla dönemin iki karşıt devletinin propagandalarındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, I. Dünya Savaşı yılarında Büyük Britanya’da yayınlanan The War Illustrated dergisi ile Osmanlı Devleti’nde çıkarılan Harp Mecmuası dergisinin içerik ve söylemleri propaganda teknikleri açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda The War Illustrated dergisinde Domenach’ın güçlü propagandanın beş temel kuralına uygun bir propaganda kampanyası yürütüldüğü Harp Mecmuası’nda ise bu kurallara yeterince uyulmadığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new aza-acyclic nucleosides and their hydrogen complexes from indole
No full textThree novel aza-acyclic nucleosides and two hydrogen complexes were isolated by flash chromatography after being produced in a reaction between indole and dibenzosulfonyl diethylamine (which had previously been prepared) in the presence of sodium and absolute ethanol as a basic catalyst. Structures of new compounds and complexes were determined by 1D-NMR: 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135, 2D-NMR: COSY, HMQC, HSQC, HMBC, IR, and MS spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungal strains. These compounds showed good biological activity
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles from rumex acetosella l. (sorrel) plant
No full textRumex acetosella L. (kuzukulağı), Polygonaceae familyasına mensup bir bitki olup ülkemiz genelinde doğal olarak yetişen bir türdür. Bu tez çalışmasında Rumx acetosella L. bitkisinden yeşil sentez yöntemi ile elde edilen gümüş nanopartiküllerin (AgNP) karakterizasyonu ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında doğal yetiştiği ortamından toplanan bitki örneklerinden elde edilen bitki özütü ile AgNP'ler başarılı bir şekilde sentezlenmiştir. Elde edilen Ra-AgNP'lerin karakterizasyonu uygun analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak (UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, Zeta Potansiyeli ve Zeta Sizer) tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre AgNP'lerin 476 nm dalga boyunda maksimum absorbans gösterdiği; beşgen, altıgen ve küresel görünüm; 29.16 nm boyut; -¬9.88 mV zeta potansiyeline sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. AgNP'lerin antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri gram pozitif Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis ve gram negatif Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli bakterileri ile Candida albicans mantarı üzerinde MİK (Minimum İnhibisyon Konsantrasyonu) değerlerinin belirlendiği mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ile tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Ra-AgNP'lerin hem düşük konsantrasyonlarda hem de ticari antibiyotiklere kıyasla daha güçlü antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.Rumex acetosella L. (sorrel) is a plant belonging to the Polygonaceae family and is a species that grows naturally throughout our country. In this thesis, the characterization and antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) obtained from Rumex acetosella L. plants by the green synthesis method were investigated. In the first stage of the study, AgNPs were successfully synthesized with the help of plant extract obtained from plant samples collected from their natural growing environment. The characterization of the obtained Ra-AgNPs was determined using appropriate analysis methods (UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, Zeta Potential and Zeta Sizer). According to the analysis results, AgNPs showed maximum absorbance at 476 nm wavelength; pentagonal, hexagonal and spherical views; 29.16 nm in size; It has been determined that they have a zeta potential of -9.88 mV. Antimicrobial activities of AgNPs were determined by the microdilution method in which MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) values were determined for gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungus. As a result, it was determined that Ra-AgNPs showed stronger antimicrobial activity both at low concentration and compared to commercial antibiotics
Mehdi el Hanefi'nin Merahu'l-Ervah şerhinin tahkik ve incelemesi sayfa: (/50/b) - (/110/b)
No full textArapça ilimler arasında sarf ilminin önemi herkesçe malumdur. Bundan dolayı eskiden beri alimlerimiz sarf ilmiyle ilgili eser yazmayı önemsemişlerdir. Sarf ilminin önemli eserlerinden biri olan ve gün yüzüne çıkarılmaya değer, fayda sağlayacak olan Mehdi Hanefi'ye ait "şerhü'l-merah" isim eserde Yazarın önemli kişiliği bu kitapta kendini göstermiş ve yazar birkaç konuya değinerek mazi, muzari, emir kiplerini, merfu, mansub, merfu ve gizli zamirleri, fiilleri ve durumlarını, Ayrı ve bitişik yazılanları gizli ve açık zamirleri incelemiştir. Hazfetme ve Ziyade çalışmalarına değinmiştir. Farsça bazı kelimeleri açıklamıştır. Şerhü'l Merah metninde geçen ibareleri açıklamak için çaba göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla bu eser, sarf kitapları arasında kendine layık bir yer edinen güzel bir şerh olmuştur . Bu eserin Bir bölümünü ( sayfa 50-110 arası ) tahkik ettiğim çalışmam üç bölümden oluşuyor . 1. Bölüm El yazmasının incelenmesi 2. Bölüm eserin metni ve 3. Bölüm eserin tahkiki. Çalışmam yaklaşık 130 sayfadan oluşmaktadır . Eserin anlaşılması güç olan ibarelerini açıkladım ve tüm dikkatimle hatalardan arınmış bir şekilde metni doğru yazmak için çabaladım. Bu çalışmamın faydalı olmasını Allah'tan dilerim, çünkü o en iyi işiten ve en yakın olandır.Everyone knows the importance of morphology in Arabic sciences, that is why our scholars have been interested in it since ancient times. (Sharih Marah Al Arouah) by Al Mahdi Al Hanfi is one of the important books in the science of morphology. It is a useful book, and it is a book worthy of coming out into the light. Where the author's character appears in it, where he focused on many subjects. He researched the words' structures in past, present, and imperative. The author touched on several topics in it. He studied the nomination, accusation, and their conditions with the verbs; connection and separation; appearance and disappearance. The author has done his best to explain appropriateness among the morphology books. I have schooled in part of this book, and my research included three sections, the manuscript study, the Marah Alroah text section, and the investigation section. My research included 130 pages. I have focused my attention to get the text correct and empty of corrections and distortions, so I extracted the author's text on what is most likely to be the author's text and that is interviewing the manuscript copies and proofing the correct from the differences when there is a difference. I also cleared the ambiguous statements in it and I committed when there's a need. I ask the Almighty God to benefit in it he is all-hearing and all near
Opinions of professional tourist guides on the role and responsibilities of the development of gastronomy tourism: The example of Sanliurfa
No full textPeygamberler şehri ve tarihin sıfır noktası olan Şanlıurfa gastronomik değerler açısından son derecede zengin bir imkâna sahiptir. Gastronomi turizminin sürdürülebilirliğinin ve gelişiminin artması ile birlikte yörelere ait mutfak kültürleri turizm faaliyetleri açısından tamamlayıcı rol oynamaktadır ve ilgili destinasyonlarda tüketilen gastronomik ürünler birbirini tamamlar özelliktedir. Orijinal ve otantik yöresel lezzetlerin tadımı, yöreye ait yeni bir kimlik oluşturulması ve bu kimliğin turistler tarafından keşfedilip deneyimlenmesi destinasyon tercihinde önemli bir adım atılmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu açıdan ele alındığında profesyonel turist rehberleri ülkelerinin turizm öncüsü olması sebebi ile turistlere aktardıkları her enformasyonun da sorumluğunu taşımaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada profesyonel turist rehberlerinin gastronomik değerlerin gelişimine ne derece katkısının olduğu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada profesyonel turist rehberlerine anketler uygulanmıştır. Anketler, 2020 yılının Mayıs ve Haziran aylarında yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Şanlıurfa'da gastronomi turizminin gelişmesinde Turist rehberleri perspektifinden ne durumda olduğunun belirlenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda ŞURO'ya bağlı eylemli 115 profesyonel turist rehberinden 106 sına ulaşılmış ve anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, cinsiyet faktörünün "profesyonel turist rehberinin yörenin kültürünü, geleneklerini, somut ve soyut değerlerini ziyaretçilere aktarma ölçütü" ile "Şanlıurfa'daki restoranlarının kentin orijinal ev mutfak kültürünü yansıtma ölçütü"ne ilişkin algı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, araştırmada katılımcıların % 34'ü turist rehberlerinin bölgenin yiyecek içecek kültürü ile ilgili yeterli donanıma sahip olmalı, tanıtım yapmalı" ve % 34'ü "Sosyal medyada paylaşım yapmalı" yanıtını vermişlerdir. Ayrıca turist rehberlerinin % 57'si "Yöresel yemekler ile ilgili misafirlere detaylı bilgilendirme yapmalı ve yöresel ürün tüketimine yönlendirmeli" şeklinde yanıtlamışlardır.Şanlıurfa, the city of prophets and the zero point of history, has an extremely rich opportunity in terms of gastronomic values. With the increase in the sustainability and development of gastronomic tourism, the culinary cultures of the regions play a complementary role in terms of tourism activities and the gastronomic products consumed in the relevant destinations complement each other. Tasting original and authentic local flavors, creating a new identity for the region and discovering and experiencing this identity by tourists provide an important step in the choice of destination. From this point of view, professional tourist guides are also responsible for every information they convey to tourists, since their country is the pioneer of tourism. In this study, it has been tried to determine to what extent professional tourist guides contribute to the development of gastronomic values. In the research, questionnaires were applied to professional tourist guides and in-depth interviews and literature review from qualitative research methods were also used. Surveys were conducted in May and June in 2020. One of the aims of this study is to determine the situation in the development of gastronomic tourism in Şanlıurfa from the perspective of tourist guides. In this direction, 106 of 115 professional tourist guides affiliated to Şanlıurfa Regional Tourist Guides Chamber (ŞURO) were reached and a survey study was conducted. According to the findings obtained in the research, it has been determined that the gender factor has a significant effect on the perception of "the professional tourist guide's criterion for conveying the culture, traditions, tangible and intangible values of the region to the visitors" and "the criterion for reflecting the original home kitchen culture of the city's restaurants in Şanlıurfa". In addition, 34% of the participants in the research answered that the tourist guides should have sufficient equipment about the food and beverage culture of the region, they should promote" and 34% answered "They should share on social media". In addition, 57% of the tourist guides answered that "They should provide detailed information to the guests about local dishes and direct them to consumption of local products"