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Esteettömien autopaikkojen käyttö- ja tarveselvitys sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluiden kohteissa Pirkanmaalla
Get PDF“They Are ‘Civilised off the Face of the Earth’” : Toiseuttamisen keinot ja kuvaukset brittiläisestä imperiumista Illustrated London News:issa toisen oopiumsodan aikana
Get PDFToinen oopiumsota oli Qing-dynastian ja Yhdistyneen Kuningaskunnan välinen sota 1850-luvulla, joka johti eurooppalaisten imperiumien leviämisen Kiinaan. Tästä sodasta uutisoitiin laajasti, sillä painoteknologioiden kehitys mahdollisti suurempien sanomalehtimäärien painon. Teknologiset harppaukset toivat myös piirtokuvia uutislehtiin, jotka nousivat heti suureen suosioon. Yksi suosituimmista kuvitetuista lehdistä oli Illustrated London News, joka uutisoi sodasta kymmenillä artikkeleilla. Illustrated London News yritti esittää itseään puolueettomana lehtenä, mikä ei aina käynyt ilmi sen artikkeleista, jotka olivat valtaosan ajasta imperialismin puolella. Ajan rotuopin mukaisesti kiinalaiset nähtiin eurooppalaisia huonompina ja vähempiarvoisina, mikä myös kuvastui lehden artikkeleista. Tämä narratiivi vain vahveni maiden ollessa sodassa, mikä johti toiseuttamiseen ja täten myös imperialistisen aatteen oikeuttamiseen.
Tässä tutkimuksessa tutkin, miten Illustrated London News kuvasi ja toiseutti kiinalaisia, sekä kuinka lehti kuvasi brittiläistä imperialismia Kiinassa toisen oopiumsodan aikana. Olen jakanut tutkimukseni käsittelykappaleet kolmeen osaan. Ensimmäisessä käsittelen lehden kirjoittajia ja heidän roolejaan imperialistisen propagandan levittäjinä. Toisessa kappaleessa käyn läpi sodan tapahtumia ja taisteluja ja kuinka niitä kuvattiin lehden kirjoituksissa. Kolmannessa kappaleessa tutkin lehden kuvauksia kiinalaisista ja imperialismista, ja kuinka toiseuttaminen lehden kuvauksissa toimi nostattamaan brittiläistä imperialistista identiteettiä. Nostan esille kolme kuvaa tutkimuksessani, jotka toimivat esimerkkeinä lehden visuaalisesta tuotannosta sekä tukemaan esittämiäni argumentteja. Näytän, kuinka kuvat tekstin ohella loivat kokonaisuuksia, jotka mahdollistivat kiinalaisten toiseuttamisen sekä brittiläisen imperialistisen propagandan levittämisen
Low Index Cladding For Polymer Microring Resonator Waveguides
No full textPolymericmaterials are one option to realize photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Pureand hybrid polymer materials have garnered significant interest due to theirdistinctive properties, such as a simple, efficient, and scalable fabricationprocess as well as refractive index tuning [1-3]. Microring resonators (MRRs)fabricated in polymer waveguides have demonstrated groundbreaking applicationsin biosensing, medical diagnostics, food analysis, and environmental monitoring[1-4]. Additionally, they are emerging as miniaturized ultrasonic detectors forphotoacoustic imaging [5], [6]. However, polymers face challenges in achievingboth low and high refractive indices, which are crucial for versatileapplications. This limitation highlights the need to improve the refractive indexcontrast between the core and cladding in various applications. Recentadvancements in virtual - and augmented reality (VR/AR) devices have expanded the range of available polymersolutions. For example, low- refractive-index polymers have been used for lowercladding layers [7], while UV-curable hybrid organic-inorganic materials havebeen employed as waveguide materials.In this work, the MRRs are developed for photoacoustic imaging where a smallradius of the ring is beneficial. Our target is to achieve R<25 mm indicating a need to have sufficientrefractive index contrast between core and claddings. We have prepared theseMRRs using the established nanoimprint lithography (NIL) technique [1], [2], [5],[6] which is known for its high resolution and cost-effectiveness [1], [3]. Wereport on using using MgF2 (n=1.375) as well as a low refractive index (n=1.25)polymer (IOC-501TM from Inkron) as bottom claddings of the waveguides whosecore is imprinted on established ORMOCORETM resist. For the top claddingencapsulating the waveguide also a low refractive index (n=1.33) solution(MY-133-MCTM from MY Polymers) is used. Figure 1a shows a MRR fabricated on a MgF2 substrate. One of the resonance dips is shownin Fig. 1b. This work addresses key factors for improving the MRR performanceincluding a low residual layer thickness of <100 nm as depicted in Fig. 1c,low scattering and bending losses and a small ring radius.Peer reviewe
Intelligent Approach to Enhance Redundancy in Novel Steer-by-Wire for Heavy Earth Moving Machinery
No full textThe articulated Heavy Earth Moving Machinery predominantly uses hydrostatic steering, because of its reliability and redundancy. In earlier studies, an energy efficient Electro-Hydrostatic Steering System was proposed, which works on the Steer-by-Wire principle and complies with the safety standards. In the proposed steering system, the redundancy of the steering is achieved by an electronically controlled proportional valve circuit that activates when a fault is detected in the steering operation. The detection of fault and activation of secondary steering is safety critical in the operation, failure of which may lead to a hazardous outcome. In this paper, an intelligent approach is taken to identify the fault in steering using pressure signals. Different algorithms based on machine learning and deep learning, namely bagged decision tree ensemble, multi-layer perceptron, and Gaussian kernel-based Naive Bayes classifiers are selected for this work. A real-time interactive co-simulation environment integrating the proposed electro-hydrostatic steering system is used for the study. Two fault scenarios corresponding to the major hazardous outcomes related to steering are carefully simulated to capture the fault conditions in steering, ensuring that the classifiers are trained on a diverse and representative dataset. Finally, an ensemble of all the trained classifiers is created and integrated into co-simulation model to detect the faults in real-time simulation, using probabilistic approach. The study demonstrates an effective use of artificial intelligence (AI) to ensure safety through redundancy in the Steer-by-Wire for heavy earth-moving machinery.Peer reviewe
Residential air quality near noise barriers strongly affected by wind velocity
No full textResiding within 300–500 m of main roads is linked to specific negative health effects, including reduced lung capacity and increased cardiovascular mortality (Health Effects Institute, 2010). Noise barriers, widely used due to their ability to reduce noise levels, can also have the beneficial side effect of limiting the dispersion of traffic emissions from highways into adjacent areas. We investigated how a high noise barrier influences near-road aerosol concentrations under varying wind conditions. An urban site, which includes a highway, was simulated using observations of traffic emissions, topography data and recorded traffic patterns over 2 h with in-situ observations utilized for validation. We presented continuous spatial fields of aerosol concentrations and wind velocity, which give a more comprehensive view of the situation than localized measurements. We found that noise barriers reduced aerosol concentration behind the barrier under low (typical) wind speed condition but under the high-speed crosswind condition, the noise barrier had an overall adverse effect on nearby air quality, contrary to expectation. This is due to two main reasons: (1) air parcels with high particulate loading from the traffic sources slowdown in the presence of the barrier, leading to a high concentration plume on the windward side of the barrier; and (2) the upward motion of the flow near the noise barrier carries the high concentration plume into the wind flow above the barrier, which then disperses pollutants toward adjacent areas. In the context of providing better air quality near highways, this study helps urban planners to have a deeper understanding of noise barrier's efficacy under different wind conditions to optimize both noise and air pollution control.Peer reviewe
Broadband continuous-wave GaSb-based superluminescent diodes emitting at 2.1 μm
No full textWe report development of GaSb-based superluminescent diodes (SLDs) emitting around 2.1 μm wavelength for applications in sensing and non-destructive imaging benefitting from broad and smooth spectra with low modulation depth ripples. Record-large spectral bandwidth is reported by exploiting an asymmetric type-I double quantum well InGaSb/AlGaAsSb active region. Preventing lasing from such gain structures while enhancing the amplified stimulated emission and mitigating the spectral modulation is essential. To this end, we employ J-waveguide chip architecture and perform a systematic study of the influence of facet’s reflectivity orienting the SLD chip’s p-side in upward direction. Broad emission with a full width at half maximum spectrum of ≥140 nm [corresponds to ∼1 mW in continuous wave (CW) power] and minimal ripples is reported, which is a nearly twofold increase in emission bandwidth compared to the previous reports in this spectral region. We also report SLD devices that can deliver a maximum output power of 56 mW for a limited bandwidth of ∼45 nm at room temperature in CW operation.Peer reviewe
Outdoor adventure education supporting relational resilience among young people: Finnish action research on nature-based school camps
No full textThe article examines how outdoor adventure education (OAE) can support therelational resilience of young people. It is based on a Finnish case study of weeklong nature-based school camps where OAE was adopted as a pedagogicalapproach to experiencing nature and discussing climate change–related topics. Inthe action research, extensive data, such as questionnaires, interviews and fieldnotes were gathered among 71 14–15-year-olds. The data was analysed throughcontent analysis from the perspective of relational resilience. The analysisrevealed three aspects that can be supported in OAE: supported vulnerability,mutual growth and relational confidence. However, the utilised OAE activitiesprovided slightly varied opportunities strengthening different aspects of relationalresilience. Therefore, when aiming for certain aspects of relational resilience,activities should be chosen carefully. The research reveals the value of relationalresilience in OAE. In addition, it suggests that adopting relational resilience as apart of sustainability competences, such as ‘collective action’ and ‘adaptability’,would make these competences more effective when facing adversity whilecarrying out sustainability actions in everyday life.Peer reviewe
Laskelmia lakisääteisestä vanhuuseläketurvasta julkisella sektorilla
No full textTämän kirjoituksen tavoite on tuoda lisätietoa vanhuuseläkkeensaajien työeläketurvan riittävyyttä käsittelevään keskusteluun. Tutkimus havainnollistaa kokonaisaineistoon perustuvan laskelman avulla, millaiseksi lakisääteinen eläketurva julkisella sektorilla muodostuu, kun työeläkkeen perusteella approksimoidaan Kelan eläkkeet. Pyrimme vastaamaan kysymyksiin, miten yleisesti työeläkkeen lisäksi maksetaan Kelan eläkkeitä, millainen on eläketurvan rakenne ja missä ammateissa on suuri vanhuuseläkeaikaisen pienituloisuuden riski. Tulosten mukaan vuonna 2024 lähes 40 prosentille julkisen sektorin vanhuuseläkkeensaajista maksettiin toimeentulon turvaamiseksi Kelan eläkkeitä. Tutkimuksesta saa aiempaa tarkemman kuvan ammattitaustoista, joissa pelkkä työeläke ei riitä toimeentulon turvaksi vanhuuseläkkeellä.Non peer reviewe
Turning up the current – optimizing stimulation parameters with vagus nerve stimulation in a nationwide Norwegian cohort (The NOR-current study)
No full textBackground: Despite widespread use of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), evidence regarding optimal stimulation titration and dosing remains limited. Significant inter-practice variability and deviation from guidelines, results in sub-optimal dosing. Objective: Identify optimal stimulation parameters and establish target dosing for VNS therapy in epilepsy. Methods: We linked long-term outcomes with dosing parameters in 415 patients from a VNS registry (median follow-up = 79.0 months). A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) assessed relationships between stimulation parameters (Output Current (OC), Frequency, Pulse Width (PW), Duty cycle [DC]) and very good clinical response (≥75 % seizure frequency reduction from baseline). Results: Output current was the strongest predictor of seizure reduction (p = 0.001). Increasing OC by 1 mA more than doubled the probability of ≥75 % seizure reduction, peaking at 2.70 mA. Greatest likelihood of ≥50 % seizure reduction was at 2.1 mA. Post-hoc analysis supported GLMM findings, showing significantly more patients (46.3 %) receiving >2.0 mA OC achieved ≥75 % seizure reduction compared with 30.7 % (p = 0.01) among patients using lower OC. Although changes in DC were not significantly associated with seizure reduction, post-hoc analysis suggested benefits from other duty cycles. Standard 250 μs PW and 20 Hz frequency were associated with best effect. Longer follow-up improved seizure control (p < 0.001); intellectual disability negatively impacted response (p = 0.005). Seizure-free patients had significantly lower total charge (122.4 vs. 250.1 mC, p = 0.014) than patients with persistent seizures. Conclusion: Output current should be the primary focus when titrating VNS patients to optimal dose. We suggest a target range of 1.5–2.25 mA with 250 μs PW and 20 Hz frequency. Higher OC should be attempted if tolerated.Peer reviewe
Feminist exploratory interpretive study of the content policy changes of Meta and the corresponding news coverage
No full textMeta CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently made an announcement that there will be major changes to his company’s content moderation policies. As part of this move, Meta is eliminating its third-party fact-checking program, and replacing it with a community based program called Community Notes as well as making changes to the “Hateful Conduct” policy document of Meta. Under conditions of rising anti-gender backlash and the emergence of post-truth societies transnationally with distorted notions of truth, these changes are deeply concerning for social media researchers, media studies researchers, gender studies researchers and policy scholars as well, as not only CEOs like Mark Zuckerberg but also, politicians like vice-president JD Vance, can be seen as launching a brutal ideological assault on Europe. Taking into account these political dynamics, in this article, I investigated (i) how are the proposed policy changes of Meta discursively constructed in major European online news outlets; (ii) what are the actual policy changes, taking into account women and LGBTIQ+ identities? (iii) what should/ could be the European level response to this situation considering policy and civil society level discussions? I carried out an exploratory reflexive thematic-discursive analysis of 14 articles from major European news sources published online between 7 January to 7 March 2025 related to the announcements of Mark Zuckerberg as well as responses to these announcements and Meta’s official “Hateful Conduct” policy document and the official statement. Adopting an intersectional feminist standpoint theory, strong objectivity and group oppression theory, the exploratory reflexive thematic-discursive analysis was carried out through the lens of hateful speech. The emerging themes of this research are (i) retreat on human rights, LGBTIQ+ rights and freedom of expression, (ii) frightening developments for the rise of misinformation/ disinformation, (iii) Zuckerberg as “re-setting relations with Europe, ignoring Digital Services Act of EU and the need to debunk ´institutionalization of censorship claims.”Peer reviewe