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The Heritage of Contingency and Mutuality: Performance, Agency, and Ethics in Prompted Realities
No full textPeer reviewe
Cybercrime Correlates Among Adolescents in Europe and South America: A Cross-National Analysis Based on Situational Action Theory
No full textCybercrime is increasingly recognized as a global issue, with adolescents being a key group as crime trends shift online. However, relatively little is known about the prevalence of cybercrime, its specific risk factors, and how they differ across high and low-middle-income countries. This highlights the need for more cross-national comparative studies on the cybercriminal behavior of young people. This study examines the prevalence of four types of cybercrime (image-based abuse, online hate speech, cyberfraud, and hacking) among adolescents aged 13–17 in Europe and South America (N = 28,325). Utilizing data from the International Self-Report Delinquency Study 4 (ISRD4), the analysis includes nine countries from Europe (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Lithuania, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) and three from South America (Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela). According to our results, there is variation in adolescent cybercrime offending between countries and continents. Overall, cybercrime and hacking were more common in South America, while image-based abuse was more prevalent among adolescents from Europe. Cybercrime was associated with low self-control, morality, and anticipated formal sanctions for cybercrimes, whereas Peer delinquency was associated with a higher likelihood of offending. In line with situational action theory (SAT), peer delinquency and anticipated formal sanctions for cybercrimes were associated with cybercrime only among those with low or average morality.Peer reviewe
Board governance priorities in higher education institutions: comparative analysis of board members’ visions in Finland and Sweden
No full textThis study examines the perceived governance roles of university boards in Nordic higher education, focusing on Sweden and Finland as case examples. In light of global governance reforms, this research aims to explore how board members in Finnish and Swedish university governance systems perceive their roles. The theoretical framework builds on layered governance styles and the literature on board roles. The findings contribute to the discussion of Nordic higher education governance by exploring the visions of board members regarding board governance, which is a relatively under-researched area. This comparative approach not only sheds light on commonalities due to shared historical, social, and political ties between the two countries but also highlights differences through an analysis of key factors and issues that distinguish board governance in these countries. This analysis enriches the understanding of board governance in the Nordic context.Peer reviewe
Multi-actor support received by children for physical activity: hearing children’s voices
No full textAims: Receiving or lacking support can be decisive in how children engage in and continue with sports hobbies or physical activity (PA) in general. The topic is timely, since the PA levels of children are currently insufficient. However, children’s own experiences concerning the support they receive are under-researched. The purpose of this study is to explore from whom, to what extent and what kind of support children experience receiving for PA. Methods: This mixed-methods study collected empirical data among 11-year-old children, regarding children’s own perceptions of PA by local interviews (n = 36) as the main primary material, complemented with a local survey (n = 114), and national survey (n = 1765) conducted in Finland. In addition, access to the local respondents’ accelerometer measurements conducted in five schools in a city in Southern Finland was utilised to characterise the interviewees in terms of their PA. The various data were gathered in 2021 and 2022. Results: According to data from both local and national surveys, children experience receiving support for PA from multiple actors (particularly from parents, teachers, hobby instructors/coaches, friends). Support styles vary from coercive to enabling, encouraging and participatory support. The combination of support from different actors can be reinforcing, remedial or destructive, depending on the type and amount of support and a child’s experiences regarding the support. Conclusions: To reinforce positive support experiences and to avoid destructive support combinations, shared responsibility and congruence regarding the provision of support for children’s PA is called for.Peer reviewe
Wear of Femoral Head Taper Connections of Contemporary Total Hip Prostheses: An Experimental Study
No full textPurpose: Progress in the design of total hip prostheses has enhanced the long-term results of total hip arthroplasty. However, recent clinical failures have raised concerns regarding the long-term performance of taper connections. Issues at the taper connection of the femoral head can lead to implant failure and revision surgery. There is scarcity of published studies on the wear performance of contemporary femoral head taper connections in carefully controlled laboratory tests. This work aims to help remedy this shortcoming. Methods: The study comprised dynamic load frame tests and multidirectional hip joint simulator tests for two contemporary prosthesis designs with titanium alloy femoral stems and CoCr and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) femoral heads of 36 mm diameter and medium neck length against vitamin E stabilized, highly cross-linked polyethylene liners (n = 3). Worn surfaces were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Wear was more prominent in the inferior and distal parts of the CoCr head tapers, and these regions aligned with those of the trunnions that showed most wear. Wear marks on CoCr heads were relatively mild, indicative of fretting due to micromotion. Material displacement occurred locally without dislodged debris. ZTA heads mainly showed titanium transfer by adhesive wear. ZTA femoral heads outperformed CoCr heads regarding wear resistance and surface stability. The 12/14 tapers showed more pronounced wear and surface modifications compared with Type 1 tapers. EDX analysis confirmed the absence of adhesion between CoCr and Ti alloy, and increased oxygen percentage on worn regions. Conclusion: The wear marks were mild. No serious damage was observed. The wear behavior of the taper connections appeared satisfactory, and not a cause for concern in the short term.Peer reviewe
Overlapping correlates of being subjected to and perpetration of adolescent dating violence
No full textPeer reviewe
‘In the best interest of the child’: misopedy in education
No full textThis article examines misopedy–hatred of children–in educational settings. Drawing on nine qualitative datasets, including interviews, ethnographic observations, questionnaire responses and literature, it argues that misopedy is a socially, collectively, and structurally produced system. The paper analyses discursive practices embedded in educational frameworks, showing how children are positioned as fundamentally flawed, lacking agency, and as natural objects of control, punishment, and violence. Crucially, the study does not claim that educators are inherently misopedic; rather, it suggests that educators are compelled to navigate powerful and normalised discourses of misopedy.Peer reviewe
Lung cancer screening in Finland: a prospective randomized trial
No full textBACKGROUND: Early detection of lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can shift diagnoses to early-stage disease and improve survival. However, LDCT has several challenges such as high false positive rate and indefinite cost-effectiveness. We report here secondary and exploratory endpoints of the Low-dose CT screening for lung cancer combined with different smoking cessation approach in Finland (LDCT-SC-FI) study including recruitment channels, LDCT performance, and long-term smoking cessation.METHODS: In this study, we randomized 200 current smokers with a significant smoking history in 1:1 fashion to receive a smartphone application or standard of care written materials, both for smoking cessation. All underwent LDCT screening at baseline and at 1-year. Participants were recruited through multiple channels, including newspapers, internet advertisements, and healthcare referrals.RESULTS: Newspaper advertisements were the most effective recruitment method, accounting for 74.5% of participants while minority came through referrals (2.5%). LDCT screening demonstrated uptake of 96.7% for both rounds combined. Six lung cancers were detected with a positive predictive value of 75%. Of the detected lung cancers, five were at stage I and all of these underwent curative intent treatment. Smoking cessation rates at 1-year were higher in the application (18.3%) than in the control arm (12.8%), though the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio [OR]: 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-3.41).INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that LDCT screening for lung cancer is feasible in Finland. The screening examination uptake was high with both screening rounds, while the positive predictive value for lung cancer detection remained at good level.Peer reviewe
Electronic Structure and Electrical Conductivity of Ge2Sb2Te5 Heterostructures With Varying Stacking Configurations
No full textPhase change materials (PCMs) are an important group of materials with distinct solid phases. In this group, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is a promising compound with many technological applications. GST can be grown into a heterostructure where the phase change is spatially confined, resulting in improved efficiency. In the present work, the electronic properties and electrical conductivity of GST heterostructures with various stacking configurations are studied using density functional calculations. Geometry optimization calculations show the importance of the van der Waals (vdW) correction that results in a decrease of the out-of-plane lattice parameter. Band structure calculations show metallic or semimetallic character for some configurations, whereas the others are semiconductors with bandgaps below 1 eV near the Γ point. The in-plane electrical conductivity is higher than the out-of-plane one, with differences between the configurations at most three- to fourfold, indicating they all belong to the same phase. The Te atoms are negatively charged, while the Ge and Sb atoms have positive charges. There is no significant charge transfer between the blocks separated by vdW gaps although visible electron accumulation occurs within the gaps. The observed stacking-dependent changes can possibly be applied to the design of interfacial PCMs with new properties and functionalities.Peer reviewe
Comparing Gastrectomy Complications Consensus Group (GCCG) and Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) Classifications in Reporting Postoperative Complications After Gastrectomy: A Population-Based Nationwide Study in Finland
No full textBackground: Previously, no international consensus on reporting complications after gastric cancer surgery existed, making comparisons between studies difficult. In 2015 the Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) published a standardized list for classification of postoperative complications after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, which also was applied for gastric cancer. In 2019 the Gastrectomy Complications Consensus Group (GCCG) reported outcomes after gastrectomy for gastric cancer with a list of different complication types. This study aimed to compare the two classifications in reporting postoperative outcomes after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods: This population-based study, based on the Finnish National Esophago-Gastric Cancer Cohort, included all patients age 18 years or older undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer in Finland during 2010–2016. For classifying and describing different postoperative outcomes, both the ECCG and GCCG lists of complications were used separately. Results: The study analyzed 1115 patients. The occurrence of complications 90 days postoperatively was 23.0% according to the GCCG classification (504 individual complications) and 43.0% according to the ECCG classification (1084 individual complications). Most of the notable differences between the classifications in reporting complications were in cardiac dysrhythmia, infections, and myocardial infarction, with the GCCG classification reporting a lower incidence. Additionally, 131 complications occurring in 13 individual types of complications defined only in the ECCG and not in the GCCG were recorded. Conclusions: This study suggests that the ECCG classification is more comprehensive and sensitive in evaluating complications of gastrectomy than the GCCG classification. Use of the ECCG classification may be preferable in the context of gastrectomy.Peer reviewe