Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Comparative analysis of key fiber characteristics in white pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.): Native accessions from the Peruvian Amazon
Get PDFThe fiber quality of cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) native to the Peruvian Amazon region is one of the most versatile and essential natural fibers in the Peruvian textile industry. There is little information about the fiber quality traits of cotton genotypes native to the Peruvian Amazon region. This study investigated the fiber quality traits of Peruvian Pima cotton accessions native to the Amazon region of the La Convención Province, Cusco, Peru, to determine the lines with the greatest potential for improving fiber quality in cotton genetic breeding programs. A total of 14 cotton accessions with white fiber color, being 12 accessions of G. barbadense L. (Pima cotton) and two accessions of Gossypium sp. (unknown cotton), were analyzed. The fiber properties determined using the high volume instrument method included seven characteristics. All fiber properties were classified into five quality classes. The data on fiber quality properties were subjected to distribution, correlation, and canonical variable analysis. The results of fiber quality properties showed that the two accessions of Gossypium sp. (unknown cotton) can be promising options to be used as high-quality fiber progenies in crop genetic breeding programs or can be cultivated by regional farmers for the purpose of producing cotton with high fiber quality. Future investigations could utilize other methods of fiber quality analysis and compare the fiber quality of these cotton accessions native to the Peruvian Amazon region with other cotton species grown worldwide to improve the understanding of Pima cotton fiber quality and its applicability in different contexts of the textile industries
Reporte de Investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 31 de Marzo 2024
No full textEn este reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT se observa que al finalizar el mes de marzo se cuenta con un total de 72 investigadores, divididas en 66 afiliados y 06 no afiliados. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre los investigadores del INIA en el RENACYT
Morphological characterization of the caigua germoplasma collection (Cyclantera spp.) of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation, Peru
Get PDFObjetivo: Caracterizar las accesiones de la colección de germoplasma de caigua (Cyclanthera spp.) en la Estación Experimental Agraria Donoso de INIA en Huaral, Perú. Metodología: Se evaluaron 15 descriptores cuantitativos y 45 descriptores cualitativos, de una muestra de tres plantas por cada accesión; luego se procedió a realizar análisis multivariado para el agrupamiento de la información colectada. Resultados: Se halló que 5 de las 15 variables cuantitativas y 27 de las 45 variables cualitativas, presentaron un alto comportamiento discriminante. Los análisis de componentes principales y de conglomerados, mostraron que las accesiones se dividían en dos grandes grupos diferenciados, en las cuales se identificaron 14 accesiones pertenecientes a la especie C. brachybotrys y 32 accesiones a C. pedata. Conclusión: La variabilidad encontrada entre y dentro de los grupos mostró el potencial de estos materiales en los programas de mejoramiento genético vegetal para los diferentes rasgos evaluados, proponiendo 12 accesiones de C. pedata como promisorias, debido a sus características morfológicas, tanto vegetativas como reproductivas
Omics strategies targeting microbes with microplastic detection and biodegradation properties
No full textPlastic-based products are ubiquitous in ecosystems due to their widespread use and utility in everyday life. Water matrices and winds are the primary means of plastic dispersal, which poses a threat to water consumption due to the presence of invisible contaminants. Microplastics (MPs) are the result of the physical, chemical, and biological degradation of bulky plastics, becoming a health hazard to living organisms. Microorganisms play a crucial role in the recycling and decomposition of harmful compounds. Studies have explored the properties of microorganisms in biodegradation and genetic manipulation to improve their metabolic properties. However, new strategies for detecting and understanding MPs’ metabolic versatility are needed. Various techniques have been developed to detect microbes and their biomolecules in various environments, including those not detectable using traditional culturing techniques. Omics approaches based on massive sequencing technologies (next generation sequencing) provide a better understanding of microbial cells and their characteristics. Strategies such as genomics, transcriptomics, metagenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics allow for precise molecular analysis, generating information about the genes a microorganism can harbor and the pattern of gene expression and protein synthesis under different conditions. This chapter aims to address the main omics strategies for detecting and identifying MPs and their biomolecules, including recent studies in humans
Agromorphological characterization of Phaseolus spp., accessions in Amazonas region, Peru
No full textEl Perú cuenta con una alta diversidad genética de leguminosas andinas, especialmente del género Phaseolus. Su identificación a través de descriptores agromorfológicos es trascendental para impulsar su conservación y desarrollar estudios de mejoramiento genético. Bajo este escenario, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar morfológica y agronómicamente 58 accesiones de frijol (Phaseolus spp) depositadas en el banco de germoplasma del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria del Perú. Para ello, se utilizaron 24 descriptores cuantitativos y 18 cualitativos que se evaluaron en la fenología de cada accesión. El análisis de conglomerados y de correspondencias múltiples, permitió identificar la formación de cuatro grupos en función de sus características semejantes. El mayor número de accesiones se localizaron en el tercer y cuarto grupo. Sin embargo, las siete accesiones que conformaron el segundo grupo, exhibieron características promisorias por presentar alta productividad (2777,86 kg•ha-1), con semillas blancas, de aceptables dimensiones, con una germinación epigea temprana (10 días), hojas ovado-lanceoladas de crecimiento indeterminado (174,79 cm de altura de planta) que desarrollan numerosas guías. Además, mostraron una floración prolongada (33,86 días) con pétalos rosados y blancos, que dan origen a un mayor número de vainas (66,71 por planta) de color verde hasta alcanzar su madurez fisiológica. Estas son cualidades que las convierten en fuente valiosa para la implementación apropiada de futuros programas de mejoramiento genético
Draft genome sequence data of Fusarium verticillioides strain REC01, a phytopathogen isolated from a Peruvian maize
No full textFusarium verticillioides represents a major phytopathogenic threat to maize crops worldwide. In this study, we present genomic sequence data of a phytopathogen isolated from a maize stem that shows obvious signs of vascular rot. Using rigorous microbiological identification techniques, we correlated the disease symptoms observed in an affected maize region with the presence of the pathogen. Subsequently, the pathogen was cultured in a suitable fungal growth medium and extensive morphological characterization was performed. In addition, a pathogenicity test was carried out in a DCA model with three treatments and seven repetitions. De novo assembly from Illumina Novaseq 60 0 0 sequencing yielded 456 contigs, which together constitute a 42.8 Mb genome assembly with a GC % content of 48.26. Subsequent comparative analyses were performed with other Fusarium genomes available in the NCBI database
Sex-induced changes in microbial eukaryotes and prokaryotes in gastrointestinal tract of simmental cattle
No full textThis study investigates gender-based differences in the gut microbiota of Simmental cattle, focusing on bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, with taxonomic classification performed through the SILVA and UNITE databases. Alpha and beta diversity metrics were assessed, revealing significant differences in the diversity and composition of archaeal communities between males and females. Notably, females exhibited higher alpha diversity in archaea, while beta diversity analyses indicated distinct clustering of bacterial and archaeal communities by gender. The study also identified correlations between specific microbial taxa and hematological parameters, with Treponema and Methanosphaera showing gender-specific associations that may influence cattle health and productivity. These findings highlight the importance of considering gender in microbiota-related research and suggest that gender-specific management strategies could optimize livestock performance. Future research should explore the role of sex hormones in shaping these microbial differences.This research was funded by the following research project: “Mejoramiento de la disponibilidad de material genético de ganado bovino con alto valor a nivel nacional 7 departamentos” of the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation (MIDAGRI) of the Peruvian government, with grant number CUI 2432072
Estimation of height and aerial biomass in Eucalyptus globulus plantations using UAV-LiDAR
No full textThe lack of precise methods for estimating forest biomass results in both economic losses and incorrect decisions in the management of forest plantations. In response to this issue, this study evaluated the effectiveness of using the DJI Zenmuse L1 LiDAR, mounted on a DJI Matrice 300 RTK UAV, to provide three-dimensional measurements of canopy structure and estimate the aboveground biomass of Eucalyptus globulus. Various LiDAR metrics were employed alongside field measurements to calibrate predictive models using multiple regression and machine learning algorithms. The results at the individual tree level show that RF is the most accurate model, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.76 in the training set and 0.66 in the test set, outperforming Elastic Net (R² of 0.58 and 0.57, respectively). At the plot level, a multiple regression model achieved an R² of 0.647, highlighting LiDAR-derived metrics as key predictors. The findings revealed that the combination of LiDAR with advanced statistical techniques, such as multiple regression and Random Forest, significantly improves the accuracy of biomass estimation, surpassing traditional methods based on allometric equations. Therefore, the use of LiDAR in conjunction with machine learning represents an effective alternative for biomasss estimation, with great potential in such plantations and contribute to more sustainable exploitation of timber resources.Project "Creation of the precision agriculture service in the Departments of Lambayeque, Huancavelica, Ucayali and San Martín" CUI 2449640 of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA) through the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation (MIDAGRI) of the Government of Peru.1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
o 2.1. Study site
o 2.2. Methodological framework
o 2.3. Sampling design and field data collection
2.3.1. Tree position
2.3.2. Dendrometric variables
o 2.4. UAV-LIDAR remote sensing data acquisition
o 2.5. Data processing and statistical analysis
2.5.1. Point cloud generation
2.5.2. Processing of the point cloud
2.5.3. Extraction of metrics
o 2.6. Forest biomass estimation
2.6.1. Area-based approach (ABA) with statistical regression models
2.6.2. Individual tree-based approach (ITD) with machine learning algorithms
3. Results
o 3.1. Coefficient of determination in estimating maximum height
o 3.2. Correlation analysis between LiDAR metrics and biomass
o 3.3. Estimation of biomass at the individual tree level
o 3.4. Estimation of maximum height at the individual tree level
o 3.5. Multiple linear regression model at the plot level
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Declaration of competing interest
Acknowledgments
Reference
Reporte de Repositorio Institucional del 01 al 30 de Noviembre 2024
No full textDurante el mes de noviembre se incorporaron 11 publicaciones técnico científicas, en el Repositorio Institucional del INIA, contando a la fecha con un total de 2474 publicaciones, divididas en comunidades y colecciones. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA
Morphological and productive correlations of cutting Pennisetum varieties under conditions of peruvian humid tropics
No full textLivestock farming in the Peruvian tropics is based on the use of grazing forage, but cutting grasses offers greater productivity and seasonality advantages. In this study, the morphological and productive characteristics of King Grass Morado (KGM), Cuba OM-22 (CU), and Maralfalfa (MA) were evaluated and correlated with chlorophyll content under Peruvian humid tropic conditions. Five plots of 1 ha each were installed for the three Pennisetum varieties (2-1-2), with three samples per plot. No significant differences were found in plant height, leaf length, number of nodes, number of leaves/stem, number of stems, stem circumference, length of nodes, leaf, stems, and total weight, chlorophyll index (atLEAF CLOR), performance index (API), and dry matter. KGM stood out in tillering (12.86) (p<0.01), but CU and MA showed greater leaf width (4.16 and 4.42 cm, respectively) (p<0.05). The calculated biomass production was 40.3 t/ha for KGM, 24.5 t/ha for MA, and 76.5 t/ha for CU. MA had higher nitrogen (0.70%) and protein (4.33%) contents (p<0.01). The correlations were significant between stem height with the number of nodes and leaf width, stem circumference with stem, leaf, and total weight (p<0.05), and nitrogen and protein content were estimated with the atLEAF CLOR and API values of the basal leaves with R2 = 0.548 and R2 = 0.563, respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion, KGM, CU, and MA differed in some morphological and productive variables and were correlated with others; furthermore, the protein content could be estimated with the atLEAF CLOR and API values in these Pennisetum varieties.We thank the Project “Mejoramiento de la disponibilidad y acceso del material genético mediante el uso de técnicas de biotecnología reproductiva en ganado bovino tropical en las regiones de San Martín, Loreto y Ucayali” [CUI N° 2338934] for funding this research, as well as César Tapullima and Joel Tuanama T. in sample collection