Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Descriptores para tuna
No full textEl INIA presenta el documento de “Descriptores para tuna” para disposición de investigadores, profesionales, productores y público en general interesados en la diversidad de la tuna, su conservación, valoración y el mejoramiento genético orientado a optimizar los beneficios que pueden obtenerse de esta especie
Digital soil mapping of metals and metalloids in croplands using multiple geospatial data and machine learning, implemented in GEE, for the Peruvian Mantaro Valley
No full textQuality and safety of the soil are essential to ensure social and economic development and provides the supply of contaminant free food. With agriculture intensification, expansion of urban zones, construction of roads, and mining, some agricultural soils sites become polluted increasing environmental risks to ecosystems functions and human health. Hence the need know the spatial distribution of elements in soils, we mapped 25 elements, namely Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Be, K, Na, As, Sb, Se, Tl, Cd, Zn, Al, Pb, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, Fe, Co, Mn and V, using various geospatial datasets, such as remote sensing, climate, topography, soil data, and distance, to establish the spatial estimation models of spatial distribution trained trough machine learning model with a supervised dataset of 109 topsoil samples, into Google earth engine platform. Using R2, RMSE and MAE to assess the prediction accuracy. First Random Forest gave satisfactory results in predicting the distribution of analyzed elements in soil, being improved for some elements when adds more trees. Additionally, each element analyzed has a different combination of environmental covariates as predictor, mainly soil, climate, topographic and distance variables especially croplands close to rivers, with less importance for spectral variables. Our results suggest that is possible to identify polluted soils and improved regulations to minimize harm to environmental health and human health, for short-to-medium-term environmental risk control
Reporte de Repositorio Institucional del 01 al 31 de Enero 2024
No full textDurante el mes de enero se incorporaron 15 publicaciones técnico-científicas, en el Repositorio Institucional del INIA, contando a la fecha con un total de 2303 publicaciones, divididas en comunidades y colecciones. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA
Descriptores para pallar
No full textLos autores ponen a disposición del público en general este material de consulta que ayudará a la caracterización agromorfológica de pallar, permitiendo la identificación de accesiones con características deseables que puedan ser utilizadas en futuros programas d
Implementing artificial intelligence to measure meat quality parameters in local market traceability processes
No full textThe application of computer technologies associated with sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) in the quantification and qualification of quality parameters of meat products of various domestic species is an area of research, development, and innovation of great relevance in the agri-food industry. This review covers the most recent advances in this area, highlighting the importance of computer vision, artificial intelligence, and ultrasonography in evaluating quality and efficiency in meat products’ production and monitoring processes. Various techniques and methodologies used to evaluate quality parameters such as colour, water holding capacity (WHC), pH, moisture, texture, and intramuscular fat, among others related to animal origin, breed and handling, are discussed. In addition, the benefits and practical applications of the technology in the meat industry are examined, such as the automation of inspection processes, accurate product classification, traceability, and food safety. While the potential of artificial intelligence associated with sensor development in the meat industry is promising, it is crucial to recognize that this is an evolving field. This technology offers innovative solutions that enable efficient, cost effective, and consumer-oriented production. However, it also underlines the urgent need for further research and development of new techniques and tools such as artificial intelligence algorithms, the development of more sensitive and accurate multispectral sensors, advances in computer vision for 3D image analysis and automated detection, and the integration of advanced ultrasonography with other technologies. Also crucial is the development of autonomous robotic systems for the automation of inspection processes, the implementation of real-time monitoring systems for traceability and food safety, and the creation of intuitive interfaces for human-machine interaction. In addition, the automation of sensory analysis and the optimisation of sustainability and energy efficiency are key areas that require immediate attention to address the current challenges in this agri-food and agri-industrial sector, highlighting and emphasising the importance of ongoing innovation in the field.To Project CUI 2432072: ‘Mejoramiento de la disponibilidad de material genético de ganado bovino con alto valor a nivel nacional. 7 departamentos’ of the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation – Peru
Response of corn to the application of microbial consortium and its combination with biol, under dry tropic conditions
No full textAntecedentes: El empleo de abonos orgánicos se presenta como una medida efectiva para combatir la degradación de los suelos y potenciar el rendimiento de los cultivos. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la aplicación consorcios microbianos y su acción combinada con abono líquido fermentado (biol), sobre el rendimiento de grano de maíz, en miras de una agricultura familiar sostenible en condiciones de trópico seco. Metodología: Se utilizó el diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar en parcelas divididas, con tres bloques, teniendo como parcelas grandes a los cultivares y las subparcelas estuvieron conformados por cuatro biofermentos y un tratamiento testigo. Como biofermento se tuvo Consorcio microbiano (CM), BIOL+CM y BIOL+EM-1, comparado con producto comercial Microorganismos Eficientes (EM-1) y testigo sin aplicación. Se evaluó días a la floración masculina y femenina, altura de planta y mazorca, área foliar, diámetro y rendimiento de grano, y las características físico y químicas después de la aplicación de los biofermentos. Resultados: La aplicación de BIOL+CM en la variedad Marginal 28T, contribuyo a tener mayor altura de planta (164.17 cm) y mazorca (65.83 cm), área foliar (361.17 cm2), mejorando también el rendimiento de grano la variedad Marginal 28T (3.42 tꞏha-1) y del hibrido HS-1 (3.02 tꞏha-1). Implicaciones: Emplear consorcios microbianos de fuentes locales en combinación con Biol mejorar significativamente el rendimiento agronómico de maíz amarillo duro y aporta en mantener las condiciones físicas químicas del suelo, propiciando su mejora. Conclusión: La variedad Marginal 28T y el hibrido HS-1, responde de manera satisfactoria a la aplicación de consorcios microbianos en especial del BIOL+CM siendo una alternativa para agricultura familiar en condiciones de trópico seco.It was financed with resources from the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation through the projects: “Development and adoption of technologies and cultivars of high-productivity hard yellow corn adapted to coastal and jungle conditions” and “Improvement of research and technology transfer services in the management and recovery of degraded agricultural soils and water for irrigation in small and medium-sized agriculture”
Reporte de Investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 31 de Enero 2024
No full textEn este reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT se observa que al finalizar el mes de enero se cuenta con un total de 64 investigadores, divididas en 60 afiliados y 04 no afiliados. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre los investigadores del INIA en el RENACYT
Tillage practices and liming: comparative study of soil properties and forage corn production
No full textTillage conservation practices (CA), traditional agriculture (TA), and liming influence soil properties and crop yield. However, it is essential to demonstrate which tillage and liming practices improve soil properties and forage corn yield. This study compared soil properties and forage corn production in two tillage systems with the addition of dolomite and lime, which formed four treatments. The tillage in the first three days surpassed the TA soil CO2 emission, with 64.8% more CO2 than in the CA soil, and the TA hydraulic conductivity and bulk density were more suitable than those in the CA soil. The CA soil had 233 earthworms m−2 more than in TA. The TA green forage corn yielded 6.45 t ha−1 more than in CA, with a higher P, Ca, and Mg foliar content than in CA, but in the CA, the foliar N and K were higher than in TA. The liming increased soil cations (except K), highlighting the lime on dolomite with—52% Al and + 4.85 t ha−1 of forage corn compared to the control. Soil CO2 emission was far lower in CA than in TA, with a slightly lower forage yield, and other soil properties were improved, meaning lower land preparation costs and time savings than in TA. Lime improved acidic soil faster than dolomite, generating higher forage yields
Abonos verdes y fertilización en arroz (Oryza sativa L.): un estudio en la Amazonía peruana
No full textThe study was conducted in Juan Guerra district, province and region of San Martin, Peru; it assessed two treatment sets: (1) nitrogen fertilizer dose (FN75, FN100); (2) green manure Crotalaria juncea (CroJ), Canavalia ensiformis (CanE), and without green manure. It was arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. During the experiment, we observed an important fluctuation in soil parameters. Notably, there was a decrease in soil carbon and nitrogen levels, likely attributed to microorganism metabolism. On the other hand, we observed that CanE significantly reduced the diseased tillers through “White Leaf Virus” (RHBV) by 2.82% compared to the control, and significant panicle fertility was achieved by CroJ (91.88%). No significant differences were obtained in yields during this first campaign; however, the highest reported yield was 8.36 t ha-1 with the CanE - FN100 treatment. Additionally, the nutritional quality of the rice was not affected by either green manuring or the application of chemical nitrogen fertilization. These findings allow deeper studies to consider strategic alternatives to reducing dependency on inorganic fertilizers among the poorest communities
Gastrointestinal parasites in free grazing goats from Ayacucho, Peru: prevalence and risk factors associated with infection in herds
No full textThis study assessed the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasite infection in goats in Ayacucho, Peru. Fecal samples were collected from a total of 254 goats from four districts of Ayacucho: Ocaña (89), Colca (76), Pacaicasa (64), and Luricocha (25) during the dry season; recording the location, sex, and age of the animals. The fecal samples were analyzed using the flotation technique in salt and sugar solution, and modified McMaster egg counting techniques for eggs/oocysts (epg/opg) of gastrointestinal parasites. The associations between location, sex, and age with the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites were analyzed using the chi-square test. Fecal samples showed an overall parasite prevalence of 87.80%. The identified parasites were Eimeria spp. (86.22%), Strongyle type eggs (STE) (65.75%), Skrjabinema spp. (7.87%), Trichuris spp. (3.15%) and Moniezia spp. (3.15%). There was a significant association between the location and the presence of parasites (p<0.05); where STE was more prevalent in the district of Colca (98.68%); Trichuris spp. in Pacaycasa (9.38%); Skrjabinema spp. (48.00%), Moniezia spp. (12.00%) and Eimeria spp. (100%) were more prevalent in Luricocha. Sex had a significant association with the prevalence of Eimeria spp., Skrjabinema spp. and Moniezia spp. (p<0.05); while age had a significant association with parasitosis only for Trichuris spp. and Moniezia spp. (p<0.05). The epg/opg values revealed a higher parasite burden in goats from Colca compared to the other locations (p<0.05). There was also no statistical relationship between fecal egg/oocyst counts and sex or age, nevertheless, there were moderate and high parasitic burdens. The high prevalence of parasites such as nematodes, cestodes, and coccidia suggests the need to implement strategic control and prevention programs in free-grazing goats. Location and sex were the most relevant risk factors for parasitosis in Ayacucho, Peru.This study was financially supported by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), through the research project (CUI N°2506684)