Ruralis Brage
Not a member yet
495 research outputs found
Sort by
The Norwegian coastal employment system: What It Was and What It Is
Get PDF-Norwegian fisheries have undergone tremendous changes, due to tech-
nological developments and the introduction of resource management. In addi-
tion, societal changes and in particular the introduction of formal requirements
and the formalization of training and education, have also greatly affected the
fishing fleet. Jentoft and Wadel (1984) described the Coastal Employment System.
This system was characterized by mutual dependency among actors, flexibility
of the system and mobility of labour, and primary socialization. The question we
ask is therefore: have the above mentioned changes affected the employment and
recruitment patterns in the fishing fleet? If so, what do they look like today? And
is the concept of the Coastal Employment System still relevant?Fiskeri- og havbruksnæringens forskningsfond
Norges forskningsrå
"The Future can only be Imagined" - Innovation in Farm Tourism from a Phenomenological Perspective
Get PDF-This article relates to the fast growing research literature on innovation by adopting a phenomenological
perspective of change and how change comes about. We visited nineteen farms in Norway in a project on farm-based
tourism. Results show highly differentiated products but similar routes in transforming a farm no longer seen as
economically viable, into a way of doing life and doing work that brings a complex of considerations together. The
concept of imaginative horizons is used and seen as characteristic of the transformative process of turning the farm into a farm based tourist enterprise. The same transformation becomes a way of keeping the relationship and interdependence between the past and the present vivid and meaningful.Research Council of Norway, Agricultural Agreement, HANEN, Sparebank1 MS
Innovative Processes in a Nature-Based Tourism Case: The Role of a Touroperator as the Driver of Innovation
Get PDF-This paper develops four propositions for the role of a tour‐operator as the driver of innovations in a nature‐based tourism case. This system features small‐scale tourism firms that cooperate with a tour‐operator who holds the position as the driving force. The propositions are analysed in a comparison with the empirical data from a case‐study, which includes a tour‐operator and 12 firms that offer nature‐based products and services. The empirical findings indicate that the system works well for entrepreneurs still in the founding stage. Additionally, small‐ and medium‐sized firms are quite satisfied with the tour‐operator both as a transfer channel of competence and as a distributor of the supplier's services. The most professional firms are more critical of the outcome of the system. The system has, however, contributed to innovations and innovative capacity in general. To meet the skilled firms' demands for support for complex developmental processes, the system requires refinement.Research Council of Norwa
Trender i norsk landbruk 2016. Frekvensrapport
Get PDFTrender i norsk landbruk (Trendundersøkelsen) er en postal spørreundersøkelse blant norske gårdbrukere som gjennomføres av Norsk senter for bygdeforskning hvert annet år. Undersøkelsen er blitt gjennomført i 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 og nå i 2016. Årets undersøkelse er dermed den åttende i rekken. Målet er å få etablert en kvantitativ database som gir informasjon om utviklingen innen landbruket over tid. I denne rapporten presenteres resultatene fra Trender i norsk landbruk 2016. Det er i all hovedsak gjort i form av ukommenterte frekvenstabeller. Disse gir en oversikt over hvordan deltakerne i undersøkelsen fordeler seg på de ulike svarkategoriene for hvert spørsmål.Trender i norsk landbruk 2016. FrekvensrapportpublishedVersio
Finanskrisens bakteppe - De nyliberale ideene og liberaliseringen på Island
Get PDF-Denne artikkelen forklarer den drastiske endringen i økonomisk politikk på Island i de to tiårene forut for finanskrisen i 2008, som bidro til at Island ble så hardt rammet av finanskrisen. Artikkelen fokuserer på forholdet mellom økonomiske ideer, politikk og finanskrise. Studien vektlegger tre hovedargumenter rundt forholdet mellom økonomiske ideer og politiske løsninger på Island. For det første peker den på forholdet mellom tidligere økonomiske problemer og nyliberale ideer, og det argumenteres for at spesifikke økonomiske omstendigheter former ideene politikerne tar i bruk. For det andre argumenteres det for at politiske og institusjonelle forhold, slik som maktbalansen mellom de politiske partiene og fagforeningenes aksept av nyliberale avtaler, favoriserte nyliberale ideers påvirkning på økonomisk politikk. For det tredje, ved å se på prosessen av historisk læring på Island, argumenteres det for at det ble etablert et klart bilde av staten som problemet i økonomisk politikk rundt 1990. Dette gav rom for et nyliberalt verdensbilde blant politikere og velgere, og en drastisk endring i økonomisk politikk. Ved å analysere forholdet mellom ideer, politikk og krise, søker denne artikkelen å oppnå en dypere forståelse av den pågående finanskrisen på Island
Towards the production of genetically modified strawberries which are acceptable to consumers
Get PDF-This manuscript discusses different aspects that are relevant to genetically modified strawberry plants with improved characteristics and ‘acceptable’ to consumers and growers of strawberry. It starts with a consumer acceptance survey, held in Norway, Denmark and the UK, studying public perception of genetic modification in general and specifically of genetically modified strawberries with altered properties.
This study revealed that genetically modified plants are better accepted by consumers if only genes from the species itself are used for the genetic modification. Subsequently, the results of a functional analysis of the strawberry polygalacturonase inhibiting protein gene
(FaPGIP) are described. This indicates that this gene is a possible candidate to induce resistance to Botrytis cinerea when upregulated in strawberry fruits. For this analysis, the FaPGIP gene was overexpressed in transgenic strawberry plants using the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter. This showed that FaPGIP overexpression led to resistance to Botrytis in transgenic leaves. For the generation of intragenic (i.e. genetically modification using native genetic elements only) strawberry plants, a transformation vector was constructed in which FaPGIP was combined with a strawberry fruit-specific promoter and terminator that were isolated from a strawberry expansin gene (FaExp2). This vector also included elements that allow the elimination of (foreign) selectable marker genes after genetically modified plant lines have been established. Using this vector, genetically modified strawberry plants were produced that contained only genes from the species itself, and therefore these plants were called intragenic, rather than transgenic. Unfortunately, further evaluations of the intragenic strawberry plants could not demonstrate any enhanced level of resistance to Botrytis in fruits
Innovation and Diffusion - Different Roles in Developing Nature-Based Tourism
Get PDF-Tourism is a labour-intensive industry with the potential to contribute towards the creation of jobs and economic development in many rural areas. Innovation may be a driver of growth in tourism as well. However, there is a lack of empirical knowledge about innovation as a driver of growth in tourism, and its implications for a specific branch of tourism. The present study explores innovation and its characteristics in nature based tourism and the roles various actors can play in innovation processes. The empirical basis of the paper is a case study of sea-fishing tourism in Norway. The case includes a study of 12 suppliers of sea-fishing and accommodation, and a tour operator for such firms. The empirical findings show that product innovations were incremental, and cooperation between firms and a mediator was crucial in overcoming the step from innovation to diffusion. It is argued that innovation can be a crucial driver for establishing and renewing nature-based tourism firms. However, to give significant contribution to business activity and value added, diffusion of innovation is an important activity
Visualising community: using participant-driven photo-elicitation for research and application
Get PDF-Despite a contemporary socio-culture revolving around cultural consumption of imagery, metaphors, representations and “gaze”, photo-elicitation is a rarely used method for social scientists and planners to acquire knowledge. In this paper, we discuss participant-driven photo-elicitation, a process in which participant photos are paired with in-depth interviews. Based upon a review of the literature on photo-elicitation and our own transnational fieldwork experiences with it, we argue that this method has four primary advantages: photos can provide tangible stimuli for more effectively tapping into informants' tacit, and often unconscious, consumption of representations, images and metaphors; produces different and richer information than other techniques; and may also help to reduce differences in power, class and knowledge between researcher and researched. Finally, we argue that this method has unique potential to empower participants' involvement in activities related to local planning for sustainable community development and natural resource management efforts.USDA Forest Service North Central Research Station, the Rural Sociological Society, the Norwegian Centre for Rural Researc
Gender and Work in Norwegian Family Farm Businesses
Get PDF-The traditional way of organising agricultural production in Norway has been through family farming. A family farm is defined by the ownership of the farm through kinship over a number of generations. This article examines structural changes on Norwegian family farms based on the impact of increased competition and falling prices and subsidies. The strategy traditionally employed has been to increase total household income on the farm through working off-farm. We map changes in income allocation and work strategies on Norwegian family farms over time, changes in income allocation and work strategies among men and women on family farms over time and we show income allocation and work strategies among men and women as farmers and as farmers’ spouses. Through a quantitative analysis of data on Norwegian farmers from 1987 until 2004, we show that there are continuing changes in work and income allocation on Norwegian farms. The trend is a higher dependence on off-farm income. However, this development is not only explained by more off-farm work by farmers – which is an indication of lower value of farm work itself – but to a large degree this is a result of the increasing off-farm work of farm women. While at the same time more women are entering agriculture as farmers, we find clear evidence of differences in the organisation of farms operated by men and women. While male farmers are professionalising as ‘one-man farmers,’ female farmers to a larger degree depend (voluntarily or not) on their partner's assistance in the farm work
Food security in welfare capitalism: Comparing social entitlements to food in Australia and Norway
Get PDFpublishedVersionacceptedVersio