Ruralis Brage
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Sektorvise scenarier for bioøkonomien
Get PDFRapporten viser resultater fra BIOSMART sin spørreskjemaundersøkelse til virksomheter med tilknytning til bioøkonomien. Undersøkelsen kartla virksomhetenes produksjon og bruk av eller annen tilknytning til biologiske ressurser, planer for innovasjon og oppfatninger om rolle i fremtidens bioøkonomi. Analyser av undersøkelsens svar danner grunnlag for utvikling av sektorvise scenarier for bioøkonomien. I rapporten inngår også en presentasjon av BIOSMART-prosjektets perspektiv på endring.Sektorvise scenarier for bioøkonomienpublishedVersio
Adaptive biodiversity management of semi-natural hay meadows: The case of West-Norway
Get PDFWorldwide semi-natural habitats of high biological value are in decline. Consequently, numerous AgriEnvironment Schemes (AESs) intended to halt biodiversity loss within these habitats have been implemented. One approach has been the application of “adaptive management”, where scientific knowledge is applied alongside the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of stakeholders in order to establish an integrated approach that is adjusted as outcomes are assessed. In this paper we examine the effectiveness of the adaptive management approach of Norway’s Action Plan for Hay Meadows (APHM). Twenty-nine hay meadows from fourteen farms in the county of Møre og Romsdal were ecologically surveyed over a 2 year period. Interviews were also conducted with owners and land managers to explore TEK and management issues. The interdisciplinary study found that the disembedding of hay meadow management from its initial commercial purpose (in particular the loss of much of the livestock from the region) has contributed to a significant loss of TEK – which is now largely limited to knowledge of how the fields were managed recently. While, the APHM is limiting biodiversity decline by promoting traditional practices there were indications that the standardisation of management actions might negatively affect species composition in the long term. More critically, continued farm abandonment within the region means that without alternatives to management by farmers many of these meadows are likely to disappear in the next couple of decades. We conclude that adaptive management provides an effective short-term means of preserving hay meadows, but long term conservation will require a means of addressing the continued decline of local farming communities.publishedVersio
The Heavy Cost of Care: Systemic Challenges in Norwegian Work Absenteeism
Get PDFThe cost of work absenteeism (sickness absence) is high in Norway (120 billion NOK), which threatens the economic sustainability of the Norwegian welfare state. Social sustainability is also challenged with women having a higher absenteeism rate than men. I use system dynamics modeling to explore how women attain a high rate of work absenteeism. Care work is the chosen case because this is the profession category where women are most represented. The results do not support the double burden theory, though several structural mechanisms indicate that competing theories of female absenteeism illustrate different sides of the same phenomenon.The Heavy Cost of Care: Systemic Challenges in Norwegian Work AbsenteeismpublishedVersio
Private Property in the Context of Community
Get PDFThe dominant philosophy of private land ownership—that private property exists for the benefit of its owner and that use and ownership should be determined by market forces—is not the only philosophy in the American tradition. Classical republicanism's proprietarian perspective was equally in favor of private property, but held that private property exists for the benefit of society. This article begins by presenting the proprietarian view of private property rights, drawing on the legal scholarship where this perspective has been revived. Next, I use the case of contemporary land reform in Scotland to exemplify the rationale for this perspective. Lastly, I attempt to import the lessons of Scottish land reformers without importing their model, instead considering ways in which private land ownership might be embedded in non-market institutions in the United States.Private Property in the Context of CommunitypublishedVersio
The Nation as Propertied community: the emergence of nationalism in the United States and Norway
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Tilpasset skjøtsel av verdifulle slåttemarker basert på brukererfaringer og tradisjonell og forskningsbasert kunnskap – ENGKALL
Get PDFProsjektets mål har vært å evaluere avgjørende aspekter, både økologiske og samfunnsmessige, ved Handlingsplan for slåttemark. Mulighetene for adaptiv skjøtsel og bruk av tradisjonell økologisk kunnskap (TRØK) er hovedtema. For å sikre en enda bedre forvaltning av biologiske verdier knyttet til slåttemark er det basert på prosjektets resultater definet ni anbefalinger.publishedVersio
Innbyggermedvirkning i kommunereformen. Erfaringer med bruk av folkeavstemninger og spørreundersøkelser
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Biochar systems: Developing a socio-technical system framework for biochar production in Norway
Get PDFBiochar is charcoal produced from feedstock under pyrolysis. It has gained interests among researchers in recent years because of its agronomic and environmental benefits. It is considered to increase soil fertility and crop productivity, and biochar might play an important role as a climate mitigation tool that is able to capture carbon in the soil. However, although research has focused on the chemical, biological, and technical aspects of biochar, we seem to be far away from the implementation of a functioning biochar system. One key aspect needed for the actual use of biochar technologies is increased awareness and emphasis on the social and organizational aspects of its implementation. As there are no functional markets for the services and products needed to ‘produce’ a biochar system, political and market devices are needed. This paper contributes to this debate by introducing a socio-technical framework that investigates the implementation of different biochar technologies in Norway. Based on this socio-technical system framework, we discuss necessary components of a sustainable biochar socio-technical system, and we outline variations of this system based on different levels of biochar production scaling.acceptedVersio
