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RT-qPCR çalışmaları için küçük hacimli keçi sütlerinden (7.5 mL) total RNA ekstraksiyonu mümkün müdür ?
Get PDFThis study aimed to study the application availability of RT-qPCR by total RNA extraction from small volumes of milk samples. RNA was extracted from 7,5 mL milk. Amount and quality of RNA and Ct results obtained via RT-qPCR were compared with the values obtained from 100 mL milk. A260/A280 ratio of absorbance was found to be higher than 1,70 in all samples. Mean RNA purity were identified as ,87±0,07 and 1,77±0,01 in 7,5 mL and 100 mL milk samples respectively. While mean total RNA concentration was 149,37±43,40 μg/mL in 7,5 mL milk sample, it was measured to be 309,03±77,82 μg/mL in 100 mL milk sample. Mean somatic cell count (SCC) of the 8 goats used in the study was calculated as 486,37±185,68 x 103 cells/mL. Ribosomal Protein Lateral Stalk Subunit P0 (RPLP0) gene which is accepted as the reference gene in goat somatic cells was used to test application availability of obtained RNA in RT-qPCR. Mean Ct results were found to be 20,33±0,39 and 19,51±0,41 in 7,5 mL and 100 mL groups respectively, creating no difference between the two groups (P = 0,170). Quality and amount of obtained RNA and Ct results showed that it was possible to extract RNA by using 7,5 mL milk.Bu çalışmada küçük hacimlerdeki süt örneklerinden total RNA izolasyonu yapılarak, RT-qPCR çalışmalarının yapılabilirliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için 7,5 mL sütten RNA izole edilmiş; RNA miktarı, kalitesi ve RT-qPCR’dan elde edilen Ct sonuçları 100 mL sütten elde edilen değerlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Kullanılan bütün örneklerde A260/A280 absorbans oranı 1,70’ten büyük, RNA saflığının ortalaması 7,5 mL örnek grubunda 1,87±0,07, 100 mL örnek grubunda 1,77±0,01 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Total RNA konsantrasyonunun ortalaması 7,5 mL örnek grubunda 149,37±43,40 μg/mL iken, 100 mL örnek grubunda 309,03±77,82 μg/mL olarak ölçülmüştür. Kullanılan 8 keçinin somatik hücre sayısının (SCC) ortalaması ise 486,37±185,68 x 103 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen RNA’ların RT-qPCR’da kullanılabilirliğini test etmek için keçi süt somatik hücrelerinde referans gen olarak kabul edilen Ribosomal Protein Lateral Stalk Subunit P0 (RPLP0) geni kullanılmıştır. 7,5 mL grubunda Ct sonuçlarının ortalaması 20,33±0,39, 100 mL grubunda 19,51±0,41 olarak bulunmuş olup, iki grup arasında bir fark oluşmamıştır (P=0,170). Elde edilen RNA’nın miktarı, kalitesi ve Ct sonuçları 7,5 mL süt kullanılarak da RNA izolasyonu yapılabileceğini göstermiştir
The comparison of the mrna expressions of tgf?1, bfgf, ıgf-1, ngf and matrix metalloprotease iii genes in cervical and lumbar disc tissues
Get PDFAim: To evaluate and compare the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes between the cervical and lumbar degenerated disc tissues. Material and Methods: Obtained degenerated Nucleus Pulposus (DNP) materials were divided into two groups, which were cervical DNP (Group I) (n=20) and lumbar DNP (Group II) (n=20). There are 6 men and 14 women in group I with a mean age of 43.8 years and 13 men and 7 women in group II with the mean age of 40.3 years (28 to 54). All cervical DNP materials were obtained between C5 and C6 and all lumbar DNP materials were obtained between L4 and L5 levels. The TGF?1, bFGF, IGF-1, NGF and Matrix metalloprotease III (MMP III) gene expressions of DNP materials were determined by polymerase chain reaction, Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting techniques.Results: When the results of the two groups were compared by polymerase chain reaction, the expressions of TGF?1, bFGF, IGF-1, NGF and MMP III was found lower in lumbar DNP group. Also the TGF?1, bFGF, IGF-1, NGF, and Matrix metalloprotease III genes showed a decrease in gene expression levels when they were analyzed by Real-time polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: These data showed that; decrease of the TGF?1, bFGF, IGF-1, NGF and MMP III genes in the degenerated lumbar disc tissues, may related with the possibility of molecular background of the disease pathogenesis
Does kinesiology taping improve muscle strength and function in knee osteoarthritis? A single-blind, randomized and controlled study
Get PDFObjectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of kinesiology taping (KT) on pain, movement restriction, walking speed, daily living activities, and isokinetic muscle performance in female patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients and methods: The study included 61 female patients (mean age 53.5±3.5 years; range 50 to 60 years) who were admitted to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic with complaints of mechanical knee pain. Knee OA was diagnosed according to the clinical/ radiological criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 and 3 were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for 30 minutes, hot pack for 30 minutes, and therapeutic ultrasound for 10 minutes in a day for three weeks (five days in a week). Also, one group was treated with KT (KT group, n=31) while the other group was treated with sham-KT (sham-KT group, n=30) one time a week for three weeks. A home program of around the knee strengthening exercises was recommended for all patients. All patients were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) values, goniometric measurement of active knee range of motion, 50-meter walking distance, and isokinetic knee extensor muscle peak torque measurements before treatment, at the end of treatment, and at one month and three months after treatment. Results: There was a significant improvement in after treatment and first month VAS values in the KT group compared to the sham-KT group (p<0.05). In the KT group, the WOMAC pain and WOMAC total scores decreased significantly after treatment compared to the sham-KT group (p<0.05). VAS values were significantly decreased after treatment in both groups (p<0.05). In both groups; WOMAC pain, stiffness, physical function, and total values decreased significantly after treatment (p<0.05). In both groups, isokinetic quadriceps peak torque measurements were increased after treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: The application of KT to females with knee OA appears to be a method that may be effective on pain and functional capacity
The relationship between reading anxiety and the reading errors of Syrian students learning Turkish as a foreign language
No full textTarama modelinde gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen Suriyeli öğrencilerin okuma kaygıları ile okuma hataları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi TÖMER biriminde Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen 59 Suriyeli öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında Saito, Horwitz ve Garza (1999) tarafından geliştirilen yabancı dilde okuma kaygısı ölçeği (Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale), araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen okuma hataları formu, görüntü kayıtları ve okuma metinleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre çalışma grubunda yer alan öğrencilerin % 16,9 ‘u (N=10) düşük, % 59,3’ü (N=35) orta, % 23,7’si (N=14) yüksek düzey okuma kaygısına sahiptir. Düşük, orta ve yüksek düzey okuma kaygısına sahip öğrencilerin yaptıkları hataların toplam hata içindeki oranları sırasıyla % 14,8 (N=1129), % 61,2 (N=4657) ve % 23,8 (N=1812) şeklindedir. Düşük düzey okuma kaygısına sahip öğrenciler ortalama 112,3 hata; orta düzey okuma kaygısına sahip öğrenciler ortalama132,6 hata ve yüksek düzey okuma kaygısına sahip öğrenciler ortalama 129 hata yapmışlardır. Araştırmanın bir diğer sonucu da her üç düzeyde okuma kaygısı yaşayan öğrencilerin en fazla telaffuz, tekrar, heceleyerek okuma; en az ise duraklama, parmakla takip ve metin–göz mesafesini ayarlayamama maddelerinde hata yapmış olmalarıdır.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between reading anxiety and the reading errors of Syrian students learning Turkish as a foreign language. The study employed the survey model. The study was carried out with 59 Syrian students at TOMER Department of Mustafa Kemal University who were learning Turkish as a foreign language. The instruments used in this endeavor were the Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale developed by Saito, Horwitz and Garza, the reading errors form developed by the researchers, as well as camera recordings and reading texts. According to the results obtained from the research, 16.9% of the students (N=10) had low levels of reading anxiety, while 59.3% (N=35) had medium levels and 23.7% (N=14) suffered high levels of such anxiety. The students who had low, medium and high levels of reading anxiety respectively accounted for 14.8% (N=1129), 61.2% (N=4657), and 23.8% (N= 1812) of all reading errors committed. The average number of errors per student at the low level of reading anxiety level was 112.3, while those with medium levels of anxiety made 132.6 mistakes, and the ones with high levels of anxiety made 129. Another finding of the study is that the most common errors committed by the students of all reading anxiety levels were related to pronunciation, repetition and spelling. On the other hand, pauses, following with a finger, and the distance between the text and the eye, were the least common types of errors
Göçer keçi yetiştiricilerinin sorunları ve orman üzerine olan etkileri
Get PDFThis study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between goat breeders and forests with the perspectives of breeders and forestry officers and to develop some solution proposals on the issues expressed as problems. The material of the study was the forest guard officers and forestry technicians who are the personnel of the Sanliurfa-Mardin-Diyarbakır Forestry Directorates and the families of the nomadic people who stayed in Karacadağ and Karacurun areas in the province of Viranşehir in Şanlıurfa. At least half of the nomadic families, the number of which is 19, in the area and all personnel working in the Forestry Management Department were surveyed. The results showed that 57.9% of the goat breeders were illiterate or primary school graduates, 52.6% and 100.0% of them preferred Zom sheep and hair goat, respectively and all of them did not give any additional feed to the animals except the winter season. At the end of the study it was reported that when the goat was grazed uncontrollably it could be harmful to the areas where young trees were found but it would be beneficial to the forest when grazing in areas with large trees.Bu çalışma, keçi yetiştiricileri ile orman ilişkilerini yetiştirici ve orman görevlilerinin bakış açıları ile değerlendirmek ve sorun olarak ifade edilen konularda çözüm önerileri geliştirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın materyali, Şanlıurfa'nın Viranşehir ilçesinde Karacadağ ve Karacurun bölgelerinde kalan göçebe aileleri ve Şanlıurfa-MardinDiyarbakır Orman Müdürlüklerinde görevli teknisyenler ve orman muhafaza memurları olmuştur. Bölgedeki göçebe ailelerin en az yarısı olan 19 aile ile ve Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü'nde çalışan tüm personel ile anketler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar keçi yetiştiricilerinin %57.9’unun okuma yazma bilmediğini veya ilkokul mezunu olduklarını, tamamının Kıl keçi tercih ettiğini %52.6’sının Zom koyunu yetiştirdiğini ve tamamının hayvanlarına kış mevsimi dışında meraya ek olarak yem vermediklerini göstermiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, keçinin kontrolsüz olarak otlatılması durumunda genç ağaçların bulunduğu alanlarda zararlı olabileceği, ancak büyük ağaçların olduğu alanlarda otlatıldığında ormana faydalı olacağı bildirilmiştir
An investigation of grammar teaching in terms of the Turkish language course curricula between the years 2004-2017
Get PDFBu araştırmanın amacı; 2004, 2005, 2015 ve 2017 Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programlarında dil bilgisi
öğretiminin nasıl ele alındığını tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla incelenen programlar; ilkokul ve ortaokul
düzeyinde ele alınmıştır. Araştırmaya konu olan programlar “ilke, amaç, kazanım ve konular”
açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yararlanılarak gerçekleştirilen
tarama modelinde betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmadaki bulgular, doküman incelemesi yoluyla
elde edilmiş ve incelenen öğretim programları veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak,
2004-2017 yılları arası öğretim programlarında dil bilgisi öğretiminde ilke açısından ortak bir anlayış
doğrultusunda hareket edildiği görülmüş; amaç, kazanım ve konuların programlar arasında benzer
ve farklı yönlerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.The purpose of this study was to examine how the teaching of grammar was done in the 2004,
2005, 2015, and 2017 Turkish Language Course Curricula. The programs examined for this purpose
were at the elementary and secondary school levels. The programs that were subject to
investigation were investigated in terms of principles, purposes, objectives, and topics". The study
is qualitative by design and was carried out as a descriptive survey. The findings in the study were
obtained through document analysis and the examined curricula were used as the data collection
tools. The findings revealed that a common understanding underlay the curricula between 2004-
2017 in terms of principle, and that similarities and differences were found in terms of purpose,
objective, and topics among the curricula
Effects of tinnitus masking therapy in tinnitus patients with and without hearing loss
Get PDFAim: The aim of the study is to determine the effects of tinnitus masking therapy on patients with and without hearing loss.
Material and Methods: This study includes a total 34 of patients with tinnitus, between 27 and 70 years of age, 16 of whom with and 18 of whom without hearing loss. The patients with and above 25 dB were added to the group without hearing loss and those below 25 dB to the group with hearing loss. The patients had one session each day. Previously determined and appropriate for tinnitus mapping, sound was made to be listened through TDH 39-P model earphones for 30 minutes during the therapy. Before and after the ten-sessions therapies, the effects of masking therapy on the patients were assessed through Tinnitus Handicap Inventory.
Result: Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores were found significantly low in patients with and without hearing loss after tinnitus masking therapy (p =0.026 and p = 0.023). And, in comparison made between the groups, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores before and after tinnitus masking therapy were found to be similar(p<0.05).
Conclusion: Both groups benefited from masking therapy at similar levels. Tinnitus masking therapy is effective on both patients with and without hearing loss. The success of masking therapy is related to proper patient selection. Regular follow-up is essential
Gebe bir köpekte unilateral uterus torsiyonu
Get PDFBu olgu sunumu gebe bir köpekte operasyon sezaryende belirlenen unilateral uterus torsiyonunun tanı ve tedavisini tanımlamaktadır. Olgunun materyalini iki gündür devam eden halsizlik, iştahta azalma ve kusma şikayeti olan; 34 kg ağırlığında 1 yaşlı kangal melezi bir köpek oluşturdu. Köpekte hafif bir halsizlik saptandı. Mukoz membranların rengi ve kapillar dolum zamanı, nabız ve solunum sayıları fizyolojik değerlerdeydi. Vücut ısısı 37.5°C' idi. Vaginal muayenede kahverengi-yeşilimsi mukoid bir akıntı belirlendi. Ölçülen biyokimyasal değerleri fizyolojik sınırlar içerisindeydi. Ultrasonografik muayenede hem canlı hem ölü fötusların olduğu tespit edildi, yarım saat sonra tekrarlanan ikinci USG muayenede ölü fötüs sayısında artış belirlendi bu yüzden sezaryen operasyonuna karar verildi. Sağ kornu uteriden canlı iki erkek bir dişi yavru, sol kornu uteriden iki ölü dişi yavru çıkarıldı. Sol kornu uteride hiperemi, hemoraji ve frajilite ile birlikte bifirkasyon bölgesinin yakınında uzun ekseni boyunca 1800 derece torsiyon belirlendi. Sol kornu uterideki amnion sıvıları normalken chorioallantoik sıvılar hemarojikti. Total ovariyohisterektomi operasyonu yapıldı. Sonuç olarak; uterus torsiyonu olguları halsizlik ve kusma gibi nonspesifik klinik bulgularla ortaya çıkabilir. Tekrarlayan ultrasonografik muayenede ölü yavru sayısının artması durumunda uterus torsiyonu düşünülmelidir. Sunulan olgudaki gibi cerrahi müdahale ile gebe hayvanın hayatı kurtarılabilmektedirThis report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a case of unilateral uterine torsion, which was detected at the caesarean section of a pregnant bitch. A one-year-old, 34 kg half-breed Kangal dog, with signs of apathy, anorexia and emesis for the past two days was the material of this case report. The dog only displayed a mild apathy. Mucous membranes colour, capillary refilling time, heart and respiratory rates were within the physiological ranges. The body temperature was 37.5°C. A mucoid brown-greenish coloured vaginal discharge was determined. The measured biochemical values fell within the physiological ranges. Both live and dead foetuses were determined ultrasonographically then the number of dead foetuses increased half an hour later on second ultrasonographic examination so it was decided to perform a caesarean section. One female and two male live foetuses from the right uterine horn and two dead female foetuses from the left uterine horn were removed. The left uterine horn displayed hyperaemia, haemorrhage and fragility with a 1800° torsion along its long axis, near the uterine bifurcation. The amniotic fluids appeared normal, the chorioallantoic fluid was haemorrhagic in the left horn. Total ovariohysterectomy was performed. The uterine torsion cases may be manifested with nonspecific clinical signs such as anorexia and emesis. In the event of increased number of dead foetuses in repeated ultrasonographic examination, the presence of uterine torsion should be considered. In such cases, the pregnant animal can be saved by surgical intervention, as was in this case stud
Kronik böbrek yetmezlikli hastalarda oral bulgular: 2 olgu sunumu
Get PDFKronik böbrek yetmezliği (KBY) çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak böbrek fonksiyonlarının tam olarak yerine getirilemediği bir hastalıktır. Günümüzde böbrek hastalıklarının sıklığı oldukça artmış olup, bu hastalar dişhekimleri açısından önemli bir hasta grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Kullanılan ilaçlar, diyaliz tedavisi intraoral dokuları etkileyebilir. Bu olgu sunumunda amaç kronik böbrek yetmezliğinin intraoral dokular üzerindeki etkisini ve dişhekimleri açısından önemini vurgulamaktır.Chronic renal failure is a disease characterized by renal disfunction related to various reasons. Nowadays, the incidence of renal disease considerably increases and these patients constitutes the important patient group for dentists. The used drugs and dialysis may affect the intraoral tissues. The aim of this case report is to lay emphasis on intraoral effects of renal failure for dentists
An investigation of grammar teaching in terms of the Turkish language course curricula between the years 2004-2017
Get PDFBu araştırmanın amacı; 2004, 2005, 2015 ve 2017 Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programlarında dil bilgisi öğretiminin nasıl ele alındığını tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla incelenen programlar; ilkokul ve ortaokul düzeyinde ele alınmıştır. Araştırmaya konu olan programlar "ilke, amaç, kazanım ve konular" açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yararlanılarak gerçekleştirilen tarama modelinde betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmadaki bulgular, doküman incelemesi yoluyla elde edilmiş ve incelenen öğretim programları veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, 2004-2017 yılları arası öğretim programlarında dil bilgisi öğretiminde ilke açısından ortak bir anlayış doğrultusunda hareket edildiği görülmüş; amaç, kazanım ve konuların programlar arasında benzer ve farklı yönlerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştirThe purpose of this study was to examine how the teaching of grammar was done in the 2004, 2005, 2015, and 2017 Turkish Language Course Curricula. The programs examined for this purpose were at the elementary and secondary school levels. The programs that were subject to investigation were investigated in terms of principles, purposes, objectives, and topics". The study is qualitative by design and was carried out as a descriptive survey. The findings in the study were obtained through document analysis and the examined curricula were used as the data collection tools. The findings revealed that a common understanding underlay the curricula between 20042017 in terms of principle, and that similarities and differences were found in terms of purpose, objective, and topics among the curricul