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Miljøtilstanden i Mjøsa med tilløpselver 2021
Get PDFProsjektleder Jan-Erik ThraneEn samlet vurdering av planteplankton, fosforkonsentrasjon og siktedyp ved fire stasjoner i Mjøsa viser at hovedvannmassene i Norges største innsjø var i god økologisk tilstand i 2021. Ved hovedstasjonen (Skreia) og i Furnesfjorden var det likevel noe mer alger enn ønskelig, med alge-biovolum i moderat tilstand. I juli var det en oppblomstring av blågrønnalger (cyanobakterier) i store deler av innsjøen. Det ble tatt ekstra vannprøver for analyser av algegiftstoffer (cyanotoksiner), men ingen giftstoffer ble påvist. Arten (Dolichospermum lemmermannii) var den samme som blomstret opp i 2019. Totalfosfor-konsentrasjonene i 2021 var lave (4,5–5,5 μg/l) og i god tilstand ved alle stasjoner. Generelt var konsentrasjonene av totalfosfor høyere rundt første halvdel av 2010-tallet, sammenliknet med perioden 2002–2008. Dette skyldes periodevis store tilførsler av næringsstoffer, spesielt i forbindelse de store flommene i 2011, 2013 og 2014. Siden 2017 har konsentrasjonene av fosfor være noe lavere igjen. Siktedypet var høyere enn det lokale miljømålet på 8 m ved Skreia og Kise (svært god tilstand), og i god tilstand i Furnesfjorden. I alle tilløpselvene var fosforkonsentrasjonen innenfor god eller svært god tilstand, men nivåene av nitrogen og fekale indikatorbakterier (E. coli) var høye, med unntak av i Lågen. Høy nitrogen- og E.coli-konsentrasjon er tegn på forurensing fra jordbruk og/eller avløp. Biologiske undersøkelser viste moderat tilstand for begroing eller heterotrof begroing i Vikselva og nedre deler av Hunnselva og Svartelva, men god eller svært god tilstand ved de resterende stasjonene og i Lågen. Nivåene av de allestedsnærværende stoffene kvikksølv og PBDE i fisk fra Hunnselva og Vikselva overskred vanndirektivets grenseverdier, men nivåene av kvikksølv var EUs omsetningsgrense.Vassdragsforbundet for Mjøsa med tilløpselverpublishedVersio
Litangen Lagune – marin landskapsarkitektur og naturbaserte villgjøringsløsninger. En tverrfaglig rapport laget av NIVA og Urbant HAV
Get PDFProsjektleder Eli RindeTilknyttet Litangen-Utvikling AS i Kragerø sine planer om å transformere Litangen kvartsbrudd til et område for fritidsboliger og rekreasjon for lokalbefolkningen og andre tilreisende, med en saltvannslagune som sentrum, har NIVA og Urbant HAV bidratt med kunnskap om framgangsmåter, viktige prinsipper, og en verktøykasse for å komme fram til løsninger som gir de beste muligheter for marint liv og mangfold inne i lagunen og i planområdet utenfor lagunen. Vi har basert våre løsninger på lokal kunnskap om de stedegne marine artene og det marine landskapet, blant annet innhentet gjennom befaringer, samt gjennom tverrfaglige diskusjoner med prosjektleder Asplan Viak, landskapsarkitekt ATSITE, arkitekt Lund Hagem og utbygger Fredensborg Fritidsboliger.Asplan Viak ASpublishedVersio
Using environmental monitoring data from apex predators for chemicals management: towards better use of monitoring data from apex predators in support of prioritisation and risk assessment of chemicals in Europe
Get PDFA large number of apex predator samples are available in European research collections, environmental specimen banks and natural history museums that could be used in chemical monitoring and regulation. Apex predators bioaccumulate pollutants and integrate contaminant exposure over large spatial and temporal scales, thus providing key information for risk assessments. Still, present assessment practices under the different European chemical legislations hardly use existing chemical monitoring data from top predators. Reasons include the lack of user-specific guidance and the fragmentation of data across time and space. The European LIFE APEX project used existing sample collections and applied state-of-the-art target and non-target screening methods, resulting in the detection of > 4,560 pollutants including legacy compounds. We recommend establishing infrastructures that include apex predators as an early warning system in Europe. Chemical data of apex species from freshwater, marine and terrestrial compartments should become an essential component in future chemical assessment and management across regulations, with the purpose to (1) validate registration data with ‘real world’ measurements and evaluate the predictability of current models; (2) identify and prioritise hazardous chemicals for further assessment; (3) use data on food web magnification as one line of evidence to assess biomagnification; (4) determine the presence of (bio)transformations products and typical chemical mixtures, and (5) evaluate the effectiveness of risk management measures by trend analysis. We highlight the achievements of LIFE APEX with regard to novel trend and mixture analysis tools and prioritisation schemes. The proposed advancements complement current premarketing regulatory assessments and will allow the detection of contaminants of emerging concern at an early stage, trigger risk management measures and evaluations of their effects with the ultimate goal to protect humans and the environment. This is the second policy brief of the LIFE APEX project.publishedVersio
Vurderinger vedrørende utslipp av suspendert stoff fra Rekefjord Stone
Get PDFProsjektleder Hilde C. TrannumRekefjord Stone har utslipp av suspenderte partikler til resipienten i Rekefjorden. Effekter av slike partikler på fisk, skalldyr og bunnmiljøet i fjorden er vurdert. Vurderingen er basert på data fra to feltinnsamlinger, analyser av partikler i vannmassene og bunnsediment sammenholdt med eksisterende kunnskap fra litteraturen. Partikler fra pukkverket ble observert både i vannmassene og på bunnen. Partikkelanalysen viste dominans av avlange partikler i alle prøvene. Selv om slike partikler i utgangspunktet kan medføre skade, var partikkelmengdene såpass lave at sannsynligheten for negativ effekt på fisk og skalldyr er ansett å være liten.Rekefjord Stone ASpublishedVersio
Arctic Ocean’s wintertime mercury concentrations limited by seasonal loss on the shelf
Get PDFHigh biota mercury levels are persisting in the Arctic, threatening ecosystem and human health. The Arctic Ocean receives large pulsed mercury inputs from rivers and the atmosphere. Yet the fate of those inputs and possible seasonal variability of mercury in the Arctic Ocean remain uncertain. Until now, seawater observations were possible only during summer and fall. Here we report polar night mercury seawater observations on a gradient from the shelf into the Arctic Ocean. We observed lower and less variable total mercury concentrations during the polar night (winter, 0.46 ± 0.07 pmol l−1) compared with summer (0.63 ± 0.19 pmol l−1) and no substantial changes in methylmercury concentrations (summer, 0.11 ± 0.03 pmol l−1 and winter, 0.12 ± 0.04 pmol l−1). Seasonal changes were estimated by calculating the difference in the integrated mercury pools. We estimate losses of inorganic mercury of 208 ± 41 pmol m−2 d−1 on the shelf driven by seasonal particle scavenging. Persistent methylmercury concentrations (−1 ± 16 pmol m−2 d−1) are probably driven by a lower affinity for particles and the presence of gaseous species. Our results update the current understanding of Arctic mercury cycling and require budgets and models to be reevaluated with a seasonal aspect.acceptedVersio
Contaminants in coastal waters of Norway 2019.
Get PDFRevidert versjon av rapport 7565-2020This monitoring programme examines levels, trends and effects of contaminants in biota along the coast of Norway. The 2019- investigation included analyses of more than 176 different contaminants or biological effect parameters in six species (blue mussel, dogwhelk, common periwinkle, cod, flounder and common eider). The contaminants measured includes metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ag, As, Ni, Cr and Co), tributyltin (TBT), organochlorines (e.g. PCBs (PCB-7), DDT, HCB, OCS and QCB), PAHs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS), as well as contaminants that have recently received much attention such as hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), chlorinated paraffins (SCCP, MCCP) and siloxanes (D4, D5 and D6). Biological effects parameters includes the imposex parameter VDSI, OH-pyrene metabolites, ALA-D and EROD. In the report, 30 contaminants or biological effects parameters were chosen for statistical analyses of 670 time series (last 10 years). Of these, there were statistically significant trends in 100 cases: 72 were downwards and 28 upwards. The upward trends were associated with metals (67.9 %), primarily Cr (14.3 %). The downwards trends for TBT-concentrations and effect parameter VDSI confirmed that the legislation banning the use of TBT has been effective. Of the 2019-medians (last year) for all 670 time series, there were 346 cases that could be classified against EQS, of which 232 (67.1 %) were below the EQS and 114 (32.9 %) were above the EQS. Of the 2019-medians for the 670 time series, 582 cases could be classified using Norwegian provisional high reference contaminant concentrations (PROREF). Of these, 407 were below PROREF and 175 exceeded PROREF: 82 by a factor of less than two, 51 by a factor between two and five, 31 by a factor between five and 10, four by a factor between 10 and 20, and seven by a factor greater than 20. Some cases warrant special concern, such as high concentrations of several organic contaminants in cod liver from the Inner Oslofjord. Results of analyses of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen are presented to investigate the role of food origin and trophic levels for observed concentrations of contaminants. Results from supplementary studies that investigated geographical trends in contaminants and trophic levels are also presented.publishedVersio
Tiltaksrettet overvåking av utslipp fra Vajda-Papir Scandinavia AS til Drammenselva 2021
Get PDFProsjektleder Eivind Ekholt AndersenNIVA har på oppdrag av Vajda-Papir Scandinavia AS i 2021 overvåket og vurdert mulige effekter av bedriftens utslipp til Drammenselva. Overvåkingsprogrammet har vært forankret i prøver tatt henholdsvis oppstrøms og nedstrøms bedriftens utslippspunkt, som er plassert på ca. 3,5 m dyp i elva ved anleggsområdet. Vannkjemiske støtteparametere ble prøvetatt seks ganger i løpet av året, og prøver av bunndyrsamfunn ble prøvetatt i februar og november. Vannkjemiske støtteparametere viste ingen forskjell mellom de to prøvepunktene. Bunndyrprøvene viste heller ingen forskjell mellom prøvepunktene og var i «Moderat» økologisk tilstand både oppstrøms og nedstrøms utslippspunktet. Tilsvarende undersøkelser av økologisk tilstand utført i 2015 viste ingen forskjell mellom stasjonene oppstrøms og nedstrøms utslippspunktet («Moderat» tilstand), mens det i 2018 ble målt «God» tilstand oppstrøms og «Moderat» tilstand nedstrøms. Vi mener derfor at oppfølgende undersøkelser trengs for å vurdere hvorvidt utslippet fra Vajda-Papir Scandinavia AS forringer vannmiljøet i den aktuelle delen av Drammenselva. Vi anbefaler derfor ytterligere ett år med overvåking etter samme mønsteret som i 2021.Tiltaksrettet overvåking av utslipp fra Vajda-Papir Scandinavia AS til Drammenselva 2021publishedVersio
Effects of depth and overgrowth of ephemeral macroalgae on a remote subtidal NE Atlantic eelgrass (Zostera marina) community
Get PDFWe conducted a short-term field sampling complemented with time integrating stable isotope analysis to holistically investigate status and ecological interactions in a remote NE Atlantic Zostera marina meadow. We found high nutrient water concentrations, large biomass of fast-growing, ephemeral macroalgae, low abundance, and biodiversity of epifauna and a food web with thornback ray (Raja clavata) as intermediate and cod (Gadus morhua) as top predator. We observed no variation with increasing depth (3.5–11 m) except for decreasing shoot density and biomass of Zostera and macroalgae. Our results indicate that the Finnøya Zostera ecosystem is eutrophicated. During the past three to four decades, nutrients from aquaculture have steadily increased to reach 75% of anthropogenic input while the coastal top predator cod has decreased by 50%. We conclude that bottom-up regulation is a predominant driver of change since top-down regulation is generally weak in low density and exposed Zostera ecosystems such as Finnøya.publishedVersio
Observation of Floating Inorganic Macro-debris in The Downstream Citarum River using Manual Counting
Get PDFInorganic Macro-debris (IMD) such as plastics can negatively affect aquatic life and human wellbeing. Information about IMD transport in river systems is required to optimize prevention, mitigation, and reduction strategies. However, this data is currently lacking. Manual counting technique can be used to quantify and characterize macro-debris contamination and its transport in rivers. We demonstrate how this method can provide a rapid and cost-effective tool for characterization and quantification of floating macro-debris. This study aims to quantify the abundance of IMD, explore the spatio-temporal trends, and identify the composition of floating IMD in the downstream section of the Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out in March and May 2021. Observations were performed between 8 AM and 5 PM across the whole river width across several days. Results showed that IMD transport varies between days, ranging from 60 to 350 pieces in March and 40 to 4700 IMD pieces per day in May. The magnitude of macro-debris is correlated with precipitation (r = 0.793 and 0.622 for March and May, respectively). Spatially, concentration of macro-debris fluxes was observed close to river shores across the channel widths. The most frequent IMD category observed in March and May 2021 was Polystyrene (60% to 70%).publishedVersio
Macrophytes as habitat for fish
Get PDFAs different macrophyte habitats house different distributions of invertebrates, we questioned if differences in the composition of fish in these habitats also could be identified. Additionally, we addressed the question if the fish communities could be affected a few years after sugar kelp beds had shifted to degraded turf habitats. Gill-nets of different mesh sizes were used to catch fish in the then four dominating subtidal macrophyte habitats; the kelp species Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharina latissima, the turf algae, and the seagrass Zostera marina. Each habitat was sampled in South Norway, day and night, and at two following months. Altogether, 31 species of fish and five species of larger crustaceans were caught. Both individuals and species numbers were dominated by wrasses and codfish. The wrasses were most active at daytime, while most codfish entered the habitats at night. Wrasses were mainly occurring in the seaweed habitats, while codfish dominated the seagrass samples. The kelps had highest numbers of individuals, while seagrasses showed highest species diversity. The turf habitats did not result in dramatic negative effects on the fish fauna. Fish can take advantage of other adjacent habitats, a benefit that could be reduced by expanding shifts from kelps to turfs.publishedVersio