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    8416 research outputs found

    Hvordan forebygge og håndtere episoder med skadelige alger og maneter i oppdrettsnæringen

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    Prosjektleder: Trine DaleDette er hovedrapport for prosjektet «Hvordan forebygge og håndtere episoder med skadelige alger og maneter i oppdrettsnæringen» finansiert av Fiskeri og havbruksnæringens forskningsfinansiering. Hovedmålet i prosjektet har vært å sammenstille eksisterende kunnskap, erfaringer og teknologiske løsninger som er i bruk for å forebygge og håndtere episoder med skadelige alger og maneter og basert på dette utforme og formidle anbefalinger og om mulig beste praksis i ulike situasjoner. Det er utviklet en prototype av et verktøy som på en enkel og lettfattelig måte fremstiller anbefalinger og beste praksis samt kunnskapen som danner bakgrunn for disse.Fiskeri og havbruksnæringens forskningsfinansiering.publishedVersio

    Selection of the optimal extraction protocol to investigate the interaction between trace elements and environmental plastic

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    The interaction between environmental plastic and trace elements is an issue of concern. Understanding their interaction mechanisms is key to evaluate the potential threats for the environment. To this regard, consolidating confidence in extraction protocols can help in understanding the amount of different species present on plastic surface, as well as the potential mobility of trace elements present inside the plastic matrix (e.g., additives). Here we tested the efficacy of different reagents to mimic the elemental phases bonded to meso- and microplastic in the environment, in relation to the grade of ageing and the polymer composition. Results showed that a relatively high portion of trace elements is bonded in a weak phase and that other phases abundant in other matrices (e.g., oxides and bonded to organic matter) are only present to a limited degree in the plastic samples. The comparison of different sample types highlighted the important role of plastic ageing in governing interactions with trace elements, while the polymer composition has a limited influence on this process. Finally, the future steps toward a tailored extraction scheme for environmental plastic are proposed.publishedVersio

    Tiltaksorientert overvåking i vannområde Mjøsa. Årsrapport fra 2022.

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    Prosjektleder: Jan-Erik ThraneRapporten presenterer de viktigste resultatene fra overvåkingen i vannområde Mjøsa i 2022, samt tidstrender for de viktigste vannkvalitetsparameterne. Samlet sett indikerte overvåkingen god økologisk tilstand med hensyn til eutrofiering ved alle fire stasjoner i Mjøsa. Planteplanktonbiomassen indikerte god tilstand, selv om konsentrasjonen av klorofyll a var litt høyere enn det lokale miljømålet. Også artssammensetningen av planktonalger indikerte god tilstand. Det ble observert lite cyanobakterier i prøvene fra de sentrale vannmassene i Mjøsa, men det ble rapportert om forekomster langs land bl.a. i Tangenvika, ved Hamar og i Furnesfjorden. Ingen toksiner ble detektert i prøver fra disse områdene. Konsentrasjonene av total-fosfor (Tot-P) var blant de laveste som er målt gjennom tidsserien, og indikerte svært god eller god tilstand ved alle stasjoner. Også tilførslene av fosfor via tilløpselvene var lave i 2022, noe som i stor grad skyldes tørt vær og uvanlig lav vanntransport i de fleste tilløpselvene utenom Lågen. Konsentrasjonene total-nitrogen (Tot-N) indikerte god tilstand ved Brøttum og Kise, og moderat tilstand ved hovedstasjonen Skreia og i Furnesfjorden. Siktedypet var høyt og tilfredsstilte det lokale miljømålet på 8,0 m i Mjøsas sentrale vannmasser. Lenaelva og Hunnselva hadde de høyeste konsentrasjonene av Tot-P (moderat tilstand). Tot-N konsentrasjonene i disse elvene, samt i Svartelva og Flagstadelva, indikerte dårlig eller svært dårlig tilstand. I Flagstadelva, Stokkelva, Lena og Vorma ble det gjort undersøkelser av bunndyr og begroing for vurdering av økologisk tilstand.Vassdragsforbundet for Mjøsa med tilløpselverpublishedVersio

    Seasonality in land–ocean connectivity and local processes control sediment bacterial community structure and function in a High Arctic tidal flat

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    Climate change is altering patterns of precipitation, cryosphere thaw, and land–ocean influxes, affecting understudied Arctic estuarine tidal flats. These transitional zones between terrestrial and marine systems are hotspots for biogeochemical cycling, often driven by microbial processes. We investigated surface sediment bacterial community composition and function from May to September along a river–intertidal–subtidal–fjord gradient. We paired metabarcoding of in situ communities with in vitro carbon-source utilization assays. Bacterial communities differed in space and time, alongside varying environmental conditions driven by local seasonal processes and riverine inputs, with salinity emerging as the dominant structuring factor. Terrestrial and riverine taxa were found throughout the system, likely transported with runoff. In vitro assays revealed sediment bacteria utilized a broader range of organic matter substrates when incubated in fresh and brackish water compared to marine water. These results highlight the importance of salinity for ecosystem processes in these dynamic tidal flats, with the highest potential for utilization of terrestrially derived organic matter likely limited to tidal flat areas (and times) where sediments are permeated by freshwater. Our results demonstrate that intertidal flats must be included in future studies on impacts of increased riverine discharge and transport of terrestrial organic matter on coastal carbon cycling in a warming Arctic.publishedVersio

    Prediction of Extraordinarily High Floods Emerging From Heterogeneous Flow Generation Processes

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    River floods are generated by various processes that, if disregarded, may induce errors in flood hazard assessment. This is particularly relevant where events extraordinarily larger than the typical floods have been observed, that is, for rivers with a flood divide in their flood-frequency curves. We identify 11 such cases in a large set of German catchments and test a statistical approach that accounts for different runoff-generation processes to predict the magnitude and frequency of extraordinarily high floods. We observe that in catchments with a flood divide, ordinary peaks are generated by different runoff-generation processes and the distribution of at least one process is heavy-tailed. By accounting for the different tail behaviors of multiple processes, we can reproduce flood-frequency curves in these catchments. Our findings shed light on the origin of flood divides and set a method to improve the estimation of high flood quantiles in these high-risk cases.publishedVersio

    Uttesting av indekser for vurdering av kongekrabbens påvirkning på bunnfauna

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    Prosjektleder: Gunhild BorgersenBestanden av kongekrabbe (Paralithodes camtschaticus) har vokst raskt siden den først ble registrert i Varangerfjorden i 1977, og er nå en etablert art i Norge. Kongekrabben kan ha stor påvirkning på bløtbunnsfauna. NIVA har tidligere utarbeidet forslag til indekser for karakterisering av effektene krabben har på bunnøkosystemene, og foreslått ulike sammensatte indekser bestående av 3-6 samfunnselementer som klassifiserte stasjoner som påvirket eller ikke påvirket. I denne rapporten viser vi resultatene fra videre uttesting av alle de foreslåtte indeksene på et nytt og uavhengig datasett. Vi vil anbefale den enkleste indeksen bestående av 3 elementer: forekomst av store og lite mobile arter, abundans for hovedgrupper og relativ abundans. Denne indeksen er enkel å beregne, fordi den kun benytter allerede innhentet faunadata (abundans av ulike grupper eller arter), og det er ikke nødvendig å innhente ytterligere data som biomasse eller traits. Indeksene treffer relativt godt med klassifiseringen. Vi vil videre anbefale å beholde kongekrabbeindeksen som binær og foreløpig ikke dele den inn i flere tilstandsklasser.MiljødirektoratetpublishedVersio

    Overvåking av krypsiv – resultater 2014-2023

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    Prosjektleder: Susanne C. SchneiderTi år med overvåkning av krypsiv ved 9 stasjoner i Tovdalselva, Otra, Mandalselva og Sira-Kvina vassdraget avdekket få konsistente trender i dekningsgrad og plantelengde av krypsiv. Vi kan konkludere med at: (1) Noen steder er det normalt med mye krypsiv. (2) Mange steder har krypsivet nådd en slags balanse mellom vekst og tilbakegang. (3) Det er usannsynlig at «tette skyer» med påvekstalger kan forhindre massevekst av krypsiv. (4) Det kan ikke utelukkes at tette krypsivbestander påvirker diversiteten av andre vannplanter negativt.Krypsiv på Sørlandet (KPS)publishedVersio

    Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2022

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    Prosjektleder: Anders RuusThis report presents data from the second year of a new 5-year period of the Urban Fjord programme. The programme started in 2013 and has since been altered/advanced. In 2022 the programme covers sampling and analyses of sediment, polychaetes, krill, shrimps, blue mussels, herring, cod, eider, and herring gull from the Inner Oslofjord. In addition, samples of Harbour seals from the Outer Oslofjord are analysed. A total of 300 single compounds/isomers were analysed, and frequent detection was found of certain PFAS compounds (such as PFOS) in most matrices, certain QACs in sediment, MCCPs in most matrices (also SCCPs in birds and seals, as well as LCCPs in seals), D5 (siloxane) in all matrices, certain PBDEs (such as BDE 100) in most matrices, PCBs in all matrices, BCPS (phenolic) in seals and certain metals in all matrices. Biomagnification was observed for 28 PCB congeners and 6 PBDEs (lipid wt. basis). Furthermore, biomagnification was observed for 5 PFAS compounds, as well as for the metals As, Ag and Hg (wet wt. basis).MiljødirektoratetpublishedVersio

    The technological development of drinking water treatment plants in the Czech Republic

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    Several actors have an impact on the quality of drinking water, but ultimately drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) play a decisive role in ensuring that water quality complies with public regulations. Several developing technologies are combined in water treatment processes. In this paper, we are analysing the technological development of DWTPs in the South Bohemian region of the Czech Republic. The empirical basis is five DWTPs of varying size, and data are gathered through semi-structured interviews with relevant staff inside and outside of the five DWTPs. This study identifies the interplay of factors driving technological development: public regulations, the economic capacity of local DWTP owners together with subsidies from the European Union and national authorities, political priorities by local authorities, and the knowledge network. The paper addressess learning–knowledge–change processes of DWTPs, thereby contributing to our understanding of developing competence in producing drinking water. Generally, large DWTPs are front-runners in introducing new technologies while the smaller ones are lagging. Still, private companies operating small plants on behalf of municipal owners ensure that those DWTPs are part of a wider knowledge network, aiding to introduce a necessary and cost-effective upgrade to treatment steps.publishedVersio

    Ciona spp. and ascidians as bioindicator organisms for evaluating effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals: A discussion paper

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    In context of testing, screening and monitoring of endocrine-disrupting (ED) type of environmental pollutants, tunicates could possibly represent a particularly interesting group of bioindicator organisms. These primitive chordates are already important model organisms within developmental and genomics research due to their central position in evolution and close relationship to vertebrates. The solitary ascidians, such as the genus Ciona spp. (vase tunicates), could possibly be extra feasible as ED bioindicators. They have a free-swimming, tadpole-like larval stage that develops extremely quickly (<20 h under favorable conditions), has a short life cycle (typically 2–3 months), are relatively easy to maintain in laboratory culture, have fully sequenced genomes, and transgenic embryos with 3D course data of the embryo ontogeny are available. In this article, we discuss possible roles of Ciona spp. (and other solitary ascidians) as ecotoxicological bioindicator organisms in general but perhaps especially for effect studies of contaminants with presumed endocrine disrupting modes of action.publishedVersio

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