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Linking catch reconstructions with downstream supply chain nodes can help strengthen management actions in favour of just, sustainable and resilient futures
Get PDFSupply chain opacity enables seafood fraud, human rights abuses and unsustainable resource use. To boost seafood transparency, it is vital to understand what is being caught or farmed, by whom, how, where and when. Catch reconstructions, such as those from the Sea Around Us, achieve this. Yet, linking producers’ outputs with downstream supply chain nodes (processors, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, or consumers) provides insights into who utilizes the production, its sourcing, and intended use. This paper describes a methodology for establishing links between marine taxa, producers, and downstream nodes over time. Peru is used as a case study to illustrate the approach. The resulting database covers the period between 1950 and 2021, and links 15 producers with 11 downstream nodes, across 45 functional groups (aggregating 340 taxa). A closer look at the data reveals that downstream nodes are growing increasingly reliant on inputs sourced from small-scale fisheries. Moreover, the use of unreported inputs by nodes involved in export-driven supply chains is declining, while the opposite trend is observed by nodes along supply-chains whose end consumers are domestic. Links between downstream nodes and producers are very variable and dynamic. Yet, all nodes show signs of environmental regime shifts, Fishing Down the Food Web and the expansion of fishers’ domains. The implications for supply chain transparency and fisheries systems research are discussed in detail.publishedVersio
Multigenerational toxicity of microplastics derived from two types of agricultural mulching films to Folsomia candida
No full textDegradation and fragmentation of mulching films represents an increasing source of microplastics (MPs, plastic particles 1 μm to 5 mm in size) to agricultural soils. MPs have been shown to affect many soil invertebrates, including springtails. However, these studies typically use test materials representing less environmentally relevant particle types, such as pristine uniform MPs, which do not represent the large range of particle sizes and morphologies found in the field. This study aimed at providing insight into the adverse effects of MPs originating from agricultural mulching films, by using artificially aged MPs derived from both biodegradable (starch-polybutadiene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)) blend, as well as conventional (linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)) plastic polymers. The soil dwelling springtail Folsomia candida was exposed to these MPs for five generations in order to elucidate population effects due to possible reproduction toxicity, endocrine disruption, mutagenesis or developmental toxicity. F. candida were exposed to 0, 0.0016, 0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 % (w/w dry soil) MPs in Lufa 2.2 soil, which includes concentrations within the range of environmental relevance. Juveniles produced at each concentration were transferred to the next generation, with the parental, F2 and F4 generations being exposed for four weeks and F1 and F3 generations for five weeks. No concentration-dependent effects on F. candida survival or reproduction were observed in exposures to either of the MPs, in any of the generations. These results suggest that the particular MPs used in this study, derived from mulching films used on agricultural soils, may not be potent toxicants to F. candida, even after long-term exposure and at elevated concentrations.publishedVersio
Spawning fish maintains trophic synchrony across time and space beyond thermal drivers
Get PDFIncreasing ocean temperature will speed up physiological rates of ectotherms. In fish, this is suggested to cause earlier spawning due to faster oocyte growth rates. Over time, this could cause spawning time to become decoupled from the timing of offspring food resources, a phenomenon referred to as trophic asynchrony. We used biological data, including body length, age, and gonad developmental stages collected from >125,000 individual Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) sampled between 59 and 73° N in 1980–2019. Combined with experimental data on oocyte growth rates, our analyses show that cod spawned progressively earlier by about a week per decade, partly due to ocean warming. It also appears that spawning time varied by more than 40 days, depending on year and spawning location. The significant plasticity in spawning time seems to be fine-tuned to the local phytoplankton spring bloom phenology. This ability to partly overcome thermal drivers and thus modulate spawning time could allow individuals to maximize fitness by closely tracking local environmental conditions important for offspring survival. Our finding highlights a new dimension for trophic match–mismatch and should be an important consideration in models used to predict phenology dynamics in a warmer climate.publishedVersio
Simultaneous degradation of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation: Impact of morphology and growth stage
Get PDFThe widespread proliferation of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in source waters for drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) presents a pressing contemporary challenge. Although catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) has been recognized as a highly effective and environmentally friendly technology for removing cyanotoxins from water, the simultaneous degradation of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins has been scarcely investigated. Considering their great morphological diversity, in this work, the impact of the presence of pure strains of several species of toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria on the degradation of relevant cyanotoxins has been evaluated considering also the main stages of their life cycle. In each studied scenario, achieving a full eradication of the cyanobacteria also led to the complete elimination of the cyanotoxin, including both intra and extracellular fractions. Morphological factors, including filament and cell sizes, play a crucial role in the efficiency of the process. Small cells and long filaments entail a higher presence of particulate organic matter, which consumes hydroxyl radicals considerably in competence with the cyanotoxin degradation. Moreover, the growth stage emerges as a pivotal factor in understanding the CWPO process performance, with cyanobacteria in their early life stages, exhibiting more pronounced interference compared to later stages, probably due to their higher cell viability and accelerated metabolism. All these understandings are essential for the successful implementation of the technology in treating surface waters affected by toxic cyanobacterial blooms.publishedVersio
Driftskontroll av kalkdoseringsanlegg i Arendalsvassdraget. År 2023
Get PDFProsjektleder: Øyvind KasteDriftskontroll av kalkdoseringsanlegg er et system som overvåker effektiviteten ved anlegg som doserer kalk i sure vassdrag. Denne rapporten gir en dokumentasjon på driften av doseringsanleggene i Arendalsvassdraget i 2023 og inneholder samtidig en fortegnelse over hendelser og avvik som kan danne grunnlag for forbedringstiltak knyttet til driftsrutiner, installasjoner eller kalkingsstrategi.Styringsgruppa for kalking av ArendalsvassdragetpublishedVersio
Radiation Adverse Outcome pathways (AOPs): examining priority questions from an international horizon-style exercise
Get PDFPurpose: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Development Programme is being explored in the radiation field, as an overarching framework to identify and prioritize research needs that best support strengthening of radiation risk assessment and risk management strategies. To advance the use of AOPs, an international horizon-style exercise (HSE) was initiated through the Radiation/Chemical AOP Joint Topical Group (JTG) formed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) High-Level Group on Low Dose Research (HLG-LDR) under the auspices of the Committee on Radiological Protection and Public Health (CRPPH). The intent of the HSE was to identify key research questions for consideration in AOP development that would help to reduce uncertainties in estimating the health risks following exposures to low dose and low dose-rate ionizing radiation. The HSE was conducted in several phases involving the solicitation of relevant questions, a collaborative review of open-ended candidate questions and an elimination exercise that led to the selection of 25 highest priority questions for the stated purpose. These questions were further ranked by over 100 respondents through an international survey. This final set of questions was judged to provide insights into how the OECD’s AOP approach can be put into practice to meet the needs of hazard and risk assessors, regulators, and researchers. This paper examines the 25 priority questions in the context of hazard/risk assessment framework for ionizing radiation. Conclusion: By addressing the 25 priority questions, it is anticipated that constructed AOPs will have a high level of specificity, making them valuable tools for simplifying and prioritizing complex biological processes for use in developing revised radiation hazard and risk assessment strategies.publishedVersio
Optimizing Antimony Speciation Analysis via Frontal Chromatography-ICP-MS to Explore the Release of PET Additives
Get PDFAntimony (Sb) contamination poses significant environmental and health concerns due to its toxic nature and widespread presence, largely from anthropogenic activities. This study addresses the urgent need for an accurate speciation analysis of Sb, particularly in water sources, emphasizing its migration from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic materials. Current methodologies primarily focus on total Sb content, leaving a critical knowledge gap for its speciation. Here, we present a novel analytical approach utilizing frontal chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FC-ICP-MS) for the rapid speciation analysis of Sb(III) and Sb(V) in water. Systematic optimization of the FC-ICP-MS method was achieved through multivariate data analysis, resulting in a remarkably short analysis time of 150 s with a limit of detection below 1 ng kg−1. The optimized method was then applied to characterize PET leaching, revealing a marked effect of the plastic aging and manufacturing process not only on the total amount of Sb released but also on the nature of leached Sb species. This evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of the FC-ICP-MS approach in addressing such an environmental concern, benchmarking a new standard for Sb speciation analysis in consideration of its simplicity, cost effectiveness, greenness, and broad applicability in environmental and health monitoring.publishedVersio
Contaminants in coastal waters 2021
No full textProsjektleder: Merete SchøyenRevisjon av rapport nr. 7784-2022.The Norwegian environmental monitoring programme “Contaminants in coastal waters” (Miljøgifter i kystområdene - MILKYS) examines levels, trends, and effects of contaminants in biota. The 2021 investigation included analyses of more than 180 different contaminants or biological effect parameters in five species (blue mussel, cod, dogwhelk, common periwinkle, and common eider). The contaminants measured include metals, TBT, PCBs, PAHs, PBDEs, PFAS, HBCDs, chlorinated paraffins, siloxanes, and pesticides. Biological effect parameters investigated include imposex (VDSI) and intersex (ISI), PAH-metabolites, ALA-D, and EROD. In this report, 27 contaminants and in addition, biological effect parameters were chosen for in-depth presentation. EQSs (environmental quality standard) were exceeded in samples of blue mussel (21%), cod (36%), and eider (23%). Contaminants above EQSs were sumPBDE6, mercury (Hg), sumPCB7, and fluoranthene. PROREF (Norwegian provisional high reference contaminant concentration) was exceeded for 35% in blue mussel and 11% in cod, and exceedances were higher in mussel (up to >20x PROREF) than cod (2-5x PROREF). Even though decreasing time trends dominated both long-term (>10 years) and short-term (≤ 10 years) where trends could be detected, notably increasing trends were observed which are discussed here. Notably increasing short-term trends for blue mussel were lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As) and some PCBs, and for cod were mercury (Hg), and silver (Ag).The Norwegian Environment Agency / MiljødirektoratetpublishedVersio
Driftskontroll av kalkdoseringsanlegg i Tovdalsvassdraget. År 2023
Get PDFProsjektleder: Øyvind KasteDriftskontroll av kalkdoseringsanlegg er et system som overvåker effektiviteten ved anlegg som doserer kalk i sure vassdrag. Denne rapporten gir en dokumentasjon på driften av doseringsanleggene i Tovdalsvassdraget i 2023 og inneholder samtidig en fortegnelse over hendelser og avvik som kan danne grunnlag for forbedringstiltak knyttet til driftsrutiner, installasjoner eller kalkingsstrategi.Styringsgruppa for kalking av TovdalselvapublishedVersio
Er det mulig å enkelt skille effekter av klimaendringer og nedgang i sur nedbør på trender i vannkjemi?
Get PDFStudien undersøker om trender i klimavariablene nedbør, avrenning, temperatur og faktisk evapo- transpirasjon (AET) kan forklare endringer i vannkjemi i 78 norske innsjøer fra 1990 til 2020. AET har økt signifikant i nesten alle ned- børsfeltene, men det er store avvik mellom modellert og beregnet AET. Temperaturen har også steget signifikant i 79 % av stasjonene, mens nedbør og avrenning kun viser signifikan- te trender i henholdsvis 15 og 19 innsjøer. Dette reflekteres i betydningen av disse forklarings- variablene for endringer i vannkjemi. Forskjeller i klimatrender samvarierer i rom og tid med nedgangen i sur nedbør, noe som gjør det utford rende å skille effektene av disse driverne i enkle korrelasjonsanalyser. Forklaringsverdien av trender i klimaparameterne på trender i vannkjemien er i tillegg svake. Ved bruk av multivariat RDA finner vi imidlertid en ikke signifikant indikasjon på at økning i nedbør og avrenning kan ha en motsatt effekt av økning i temperatur på trender i vannkjemien.publishedVersio