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Unlocking the potential: How can parcel lockers drive efficiency and environmental friendliness in E-commerce?
No full textInger Beate Hovi, Eirill Bø, Unlocking the potential: How can parcel lockers drive efficiency and environmental friendliness in E-commerce?, Sustainable Futures, Volume 7, 2024, 100189, ISSN 2666-1888, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2024.100189. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266618882400039X)This paper analyses the efficiency and carbon footprint of different last-mile delivery solutions, including parcel lockers, pick-up points, and home deliveries. A Decision Support Tool (DST) is developed, utilizing real data on parcel deliveries and time allocation. The DST distinguishes between fixed, variable, and salary costs, revealing that time spent on delivery tasks and associated salary costs are the primary cost drivers. Deliveries to pick-up points are more efficient than deliveries to parcel lockers, but this efficiency depends on the number of parcels delivered. The environmental footprint of the solutions is influenced by how recipients collect their parcels.Unlocking the potential: How can parcel lockers drive efficiency and environmental friendliness in E-commerce?publishedVersio
The Behavioral Impact of Free Public Transport in Stavanger, Norway
Full text linkGregersen, Fredrik Alexander, Petter Christiansen, Nils Fearnley, Knut Liland Hartveit, and Andreas Kokkvoll Tveit. 2024. “The Behavioral Impact of Free Public Transport in Stavanger, Norway.” Findings, December.Free public transport was introduced for residents of Stavanger municipality, Norway, in June 2023 through December 2023. This paper analyzes travel behavioral effects. We apply the change in total number of boardings in public transport in Stavanger municipality compared to neighboring municipalities (i.e., difference-in-differences). The data are based on automatic passenger counts (APC) on buses operated by the public transport provider in the area (Kolumbus). We find a 7.5 % increase in the number of boardings in Stavanger compared to the rest of the county (Rogaland) after the introduction of free public transit.acceptedVersio
How Testing Impacts Willingness to Use and Share Autonomous Shuttles with Strangers: The Mediating Effects of Trust and Optimism
Full text linkAasvik, O., Hagenzieker, M., Ulleberg, P., & Bjørnskau, T. (2024). How Testing Impacts Willingness to Use and Share Autonomous Shuttles with Strangers: The Mediating Effects of Trust and Optimism. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2352220This study investigates acceptance of shared autonomous shuttles (SASs) in a suburban area. A model where contextual variables were mediated through trust in SASs and technology optimism was tested. We examined intentions to use SASs without a steward and the significance of social distancing. Data were collected at the start and end of a 2020–2021 pilot involving 922 and 608 participants respectively, operating at SAE level 3. Findings indicate that trust and technological optimism significantly influence the willingness to use SASs, though contextual variables show minimal impact. Older adults and women displayed lower trust and optimism, reducing their usage intentions. These two groups also feel that it is more important to be able to keep social distance while riding SASs. The study suggests that future pilots should avoid negative impacts from using immature technology and address the social needs of specific groups.How Testing Impacts Willingness to Use and Share Autonomous Shuttles with Strangers: The Mediating Effects of Trust and OptimismacceptedVersio
Assessing Metal Use and Scarcity Impacts of Vehicle Gliders
Full text linkBitencourt de Oliveira, F., Nordelöf, A., Bernander, M. et al. Assessing Metal Use and Scarcity Impacts of Vehicle Gliders. Circ.Econ.Sust. 4, 1851–1875 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-024-00353-xThis study assesses the metal composition of two vehicle gliders, configured with different equipment levels and evaluates the risk of short and long-term metal scarcity. Entropy analysis is also used for insights on secondary metal recovery strategies. Fifty-five metals are evaluated, with gold, copper, bismuth, lead, molybdenum, and certain rare-earth metals (REMs) subject to the largest supply risks. Differences in equipment levels significantly impact the short-term supply risk for specific metals. Entertainment and communications equipment contain significant amounts of REMs, whereas mirrors and electrical infrastructure contain considerable shares of gold, silver and copper. Some metals are concentrated in a few components while some are dispersed across thousands, impacting recycling opportunities. The broad metal demand of the gliders underscores the automotive industry's role in supply risks for its own manufacturing needs and other societal domains. This emphasizes the significance of comprehensively evaluating metal requirements beyond powertrains for informed resource management.publishedVersio
Heart Zone as a measure to influence traffic safety culture: which factors influence culture change?
Full text linkMilch, V., & Nævestad, T.-O. (2024). Heart Zone as a measure to influence traffic safety culture: which factors influence culture change?. Traffic Safety Research, 6, e000050. https://doi.org/10.55329/nzwz4807Measures to influence traffic safety culture in designated areas (e.g. schools) exist in several different countries across the world. The Norwegian traffic safety scheme Heart Zone is a measure that aims to influence the traffic culture within a specific geographical area. The study examines whether four Norwegian schools have managed to establish a Heart Zone traffic safety culture, factors facilitating and impeding the implementation of Heart Zone traffic safety culture and subsequent changes in parents' traffic safety behavior. The study is based on survey data from four Norwegian schools (n = 220) and qualitative interviews (n = 19). Although the level of implementation varies, results from the interviews and the survey suggest that the schools have established Heart Zone cultures, where large proportions of the parents drop the children off at the recommended drop-off zone, when driving, are attentive to students who come walking/cycling within the Heart Zone and walk or cycle when transporting children within the Heart Zone. The Heart Zone culture is related to changes in parents' traffic safety behaviors and reductions in dangerous traffic situations. The study identifies specific factors facilitating and impeding traffic culture change, related to enclosed geographical areas like the Heart Zone, developing an analytical model that researchers and future traffic culture measures like this can learn from.Heart Zone as a measure to influence traffic safety culture: which factors influence culture change?publishedVersio
Multi-level governance and modal thinking: Tensions in electric mobility transitions in European cities
No full textHannah Budnitz, Marek Jaskólski, Marianne Knapskog, Aleksandra Lis-Plesińska, Filip Schmidt, Rafał Szymanowski, Jasmijn van der Craats, Tim Schwanen, Multi-level governance and modal thinking: Tensions in electric mobility transitions in European cities, Transport Policy, Volume 160, 2025, Pages 63-72, ISSN 0967-070X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.035.Innovations around electric vehicle (EV) technology are viewed as a promising pathway to rapidly decarbonise transport systems in transition studies. However, the mobility histories and path dependencies that shape these transitions are spatially uneven both horizontally across different geographies and vertically between different scales of authority and responsibility. As such, they are rooted in the assumptions and power relations that underlay the policy processes of city and metropolitan governance. This study takes the novel approach of comparing these processes both horizontally between cities and vertically between levels of government. The analysis is based on 50 expert interviews with local and national actors involved in delivering policy related to electric mobility in four European cities: Bristol, United Kingdom; Oslo, Norway; Poznań, Poland, and Utrecht, Netherlands. In all four cities, national, inter- and supra-national pressures generate a perception among some interviewees that the transition to electric mobility, and particularly the electrification of private cars, is inevitable. Yet because modal thinking permeates urban transport policymaking, the majority of our experts define sustainable and just urban mobility as that involving modes other than the private car. A key contribution of this study is revealing this tension between national EV priorities and urban aims to reduce car traffic, which subconsciously influences local policymakers’ perceptions of the transition to electric mobility. The study also offers new insights into how city and metropolitan policymakers can be more inclusive, innovative, and locally-responsive in shaping policies for accommodating both EVs and new modes like e-scooters.Multi-level governance and modal thinking: Tensions in electric mobility transitions in European citiesThis work was part of the JPI-ERA-NET project Inclusive Transitions to Electric Mobility, supported by the Economic and Social Research Council, part of UKRI, grant number ES/W000539/1, as well as the National Science Centre, Poland; the Dutch Research Council; and the Research Council of Norway.publishedVersio
Macroeconomic Influences on Recycling in Europe: An Econometric Investigation
No full textHolmen, R.B., Carvelli, G., Razminienė, K. et al. Macroeconomic Influences on Recycling in Europe: An Econometric Investigation. Circ.Econ.Sust. 5, 573–602 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-024-00418-xWhile the circular economy has garnered significant attention over the last two decades, few studies have explored the relationship between recycling and macroeconomic conditions. This paper aims to elucidate how macroeconomic factors influence and correlate with recycling indicators, focusing on European waste management. First, we analyze how macroeconomic indicators impact key circular economy indicators related to waste management, considering 27 European countries from 2000 to 2019, categorized into Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe. An ordinary least squares model serves as a baseline for comparison with a fixed effects model and a model with regional and time dummies. As a response to Ferrante and Germani's (2020) call for more research on causal studies of this kind, we also address reverse causality both by testing for panel data Granger causality and by applying the dynamic panel data approach developed by Arellano and Bond (1991). Second, we investigate variations in circular economic performance across European regions and countries, both before and after controlling for the macroeconomic context. The empirical analysis reveals a substantial correlation between circular economy indicators and key macroeconomic conditions, but we do not find evidence supporting causal impacts from macroeconomic circumstances in the short run. Regional examinations unveil disparities in circular economic performance, with Western Europe generally surpassing Southern and Eastern Europe. However, these patterns align more closely when considering the macroeconomic context. The methodologies employed in the study may prove valuable for future research on the circular economy and its relation to macroeconomic influences.Macroeconomic Influences on Recycling in Europe: An Econometric InvestigationpublishedVersio
Risk of road traffic injury in Norway 1970–2022
No full textRune Elvik, Risk of road traffic injury in Norway 1970–2022, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Volume 202, 2024, 107587, ISSN 0001-4575, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2024.107587. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457524001325)This paper describes changes in the risk of road traffic injury in Norway during the period from 1970 to 2022. During this period, the risk of fatal and personal injury declined by more than 70 % for most groups of road users. There are five main potential explanations of a decline in the risk of injury: (1) a reduced probability of accidents that have the potential for causing injury; (2) an improved protection against injury given that an accident has occurred; (3) improved medical care increasing the survival rate, given an injury (this would reduce the number of fatalities, but not the number of injuries); (4) a tendency for the reporting of injuries in official accident statistics to decline over time; (5) uncertain or erroneous estimates of the exposure to the risk of injury. The decline in the risk of road traffic injuries in Norway after 1970 can probably be attributed to a combination of reduced reporting of injuries in official statistics, improved protection against injury in accidents, and (for fatal injuries) improved medical care. Insurance data, available from 1992, do not indicate a reduction in the risk of accidents leading to insurance claims. Incomplete and possibly erroneous data for mopeds and motorcycles make it impossible to identify sources of changes in injury risk over time for these modes of transport.Risk of road traffic injury in Norway 1970–2022publishedVersio
TØIRoads: A Road Data Model Generation Tool
Full text linkGrunde Haraldsson Wesenberg and Ana Ozaki. TØIRoads: A Road Data Model Generation Tool. In Special Issue on Resources for Graph Data and Knowledge. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 2, Issue 2, pp. 6:1-6:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024) https://doi.org/10.4230/TGDK.2.2.6.We describe road data models which can represent high level features of a road network such as population, points of interest, and road length/cost and capacity, while abstracting from time and geographic location. Such abstraction allows for a simplified traffic usage and congestion analysis that focus on the high level features. We provide theoretical results regarding mass conservation and sufficient conditions for avoiding congestion within the model. We describe a road data model generation tool, which we call "TØI Roads". We also describe several parameters that can be specified by a TØI Roads user to create graph data that can serve as input for training graph neural networks (or another learning approach that receives graph data as input) for predicting congestion within the model. The road data model generation tool allows, for instance, the study of the effects of population growth and how changes in road capacity can mitigate traffic congestion.TØIRoads: A Road Data Model Generation ToolpublishedVersio
Innovation and future pathways in nature-based tourism–the outlook from an international expert panel
Full text linkFredman, P., Haukeland, J. V., Tyrväinen, L., Siegrist, D., & Lindberg, K. (2024). Innovation and future pathways in nature-based tourism – the outlook from an international expert panel. Loisir et Société / Society and Leisure, 47(3), 563–579.This article identifies innovations that are likely to take place in the nature-based tourism sector in the future. The authors do this with the help of an international expert panel representing a broad range of perspectives relevant to the nature-based tourism market, service provision, and the natural resources upon which this tourism sector depends. The diversity of expertise reflects the need for greater variety in data acquisition processes in innovation research, and the focus on nature-based tourism adds knowledge about a sector experiencing rapid development. The authors observe several key findings at the crossroads between the five main innovation categories identified: product packaging, new technology, business relations, outdoor activity, and learning. The nature-based tourism innovation system is more complex than tourism innovation in general, and of special interest is the learning category, which can support understanding of nature, value creation, and safety. Cet article identifie les innovations susceptibles de se produire à l’avenir dans le secteur du tourisme de nature. Pour ce faire, les auteurs s’appuient sur un groupe d’experts internationaux représentant un large éventail de perspectives relatives au marché du tourisme de nature, à la fourniture de services et aux ressources naturelles dont dépend ce secteur touristique. La diversité de l’expertise reflète la nécessité d’une plus grande variété dans les processus d’acquisition de données dans la recherche sur l’innovation. Les auteurs observent plusieurs résultats clés à la convergence des cinq principales catégories d’innovation identifiées : conditionnement des produits, nouvelles technologies, relations commerciales, activités de plein air et apprentissage. Le système d’innovation du tourisme axé sur la nature est plus complexe que l’innovation touristique en général, et la catégorie de l’apprentissage, qui peut favoriser la compréhension de la nature, la création de valeur et la sécurité, présente un intérêt particulier.Innovation and future pathways in nature-based tourism–the outlook from an international expert panelacceptedVersio