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Safe system implementation in three African and three European countries: Preliminary results from a comparison of six countries
Full text linkTor-Olav Nævestad, Enoch F. Sam, Haneen Farah, Daniel Mwamba, Jaqueline Masaki, Aliaksei Laureshyn, Matilda Magnusson, Andras Varhelyi, Rune Elvik, Jenny Blom, Lars E. Egner, Thomas Miyoba, Laxman Singh Bisht, Safe system implementation in three African and three European countries: Preliminary results from a comparison of six countries, Transportation Research Procedia, Volume 89, 2025, Pages 243-254, ISSN 2352-1465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2025.05.059
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the African Transport Research Conference 2024 (ATRC-2024)The study provides preliminary results from a case comparison of road safety management in three African countries (Tanzania, Ghana, Zambia) with three EU countries, all with a great track record of excellence in traffic safety and practicing Safe Systems principles (Norway and Netherlands & Sweden), based on document analysis and qualitative interviews. Norway, Sweden, and The Netherlands are early adopters of what has been termed the Safe System Approach (termed “Sustainable safety” in the Netherlands). Norway and Sweden have the highest road safety level in world. The objectives of the study are to: 1) Examine the alignment with Safe System principles in the road safety management systems in each country, and 2) Discuss possible policy implications. The study is based on document analyses and focus group interviews with road safety experts (n=73) in the six countries. The European countries’ road safety management systems are mainly in line with the Safe Systems principles for road safety management. In the three African countries, we find an insufficient systematic approach and a lower level of implementation of existing plans, mostly related to insufficient data on accidents, low institutional road safety influence and lacking funding. We discuss possible policy implications for the three African countries.Volvo Research and Educational Foundations (VREF)publishedVersio
Digital Taxi Stands: Informed Choice Reduces Waiting Time
Full text linkAarhaug, Jørgen, and Fitwi Wolday. 2025. “Digital Taxi Stands: Informed Choice Reduces Waiting Time.” Findings, April. https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.133937.We have investigated waiting times for taxis at the airport taxi stand at Oslo Airport Gardermoen, under two different regulatory systems, one allowing taxis to wait at a taxi stand directly in front of the airport and at a near depot and one only allowing for waiting at the depot. We find that waiting times for taxis dropped dramatically when the possibility to wait just outside the terminal was removed.Digital Taxi Stands: Informed Choice Reduces Waiting TimeacceptedVersio
The Ambition Trap: How Overpromising on Climate Action
Full text linkVegard Tørstad, Jon Hovi, Manjana Milkoreit, Håkon Sælen, Andreas Kokkvoll Tveit; The Ambition Trap: How Overpromising on Climate Action Could Undermine the Paris Agreement. Global Environmental Politics 2025; doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00777Under cross-pressure to pledge ambitious emission cuts and deliver concrete policy action, climate policymakers must navigate the tension between ambition and implementation prospects. Achieving the Paris Agreement’s long-term targets is possible only if countries make highly ambitious climate pledges. However, very ambitious pledges might engender widespread implementation failure. Devoid of enforcement mechanisms, the Paris Agreement risks an “ambition trap” whereby policymakers pledge ever more ambitious targets without the willingness or capability to ensure these targets’ implementation. Arguing that the difficulties of implementing highly ambitious pledges might threaten the long-term credibility of international climate cooperation, we report two main empirical findings. First, the ambitiousness of existing nationally determined contributions (NDCs) is inversely related to implementation likelihood, indicating a trade-off between pledges’ ambition and implementation prospects. Second, a conjoint experiment in five major democracies shows that the public is (far) more concerned with emission targets’ implementation likelihood than with their stringency (ambitiousness). Our findings suggest that maintaining the Paris Agreement’s long-term credibility requires aligning NDCs’ ambitiousness with feasible implementation. In short, emission targets must be ambitious, yet realistic.The Ambition Trap: How Overpromising on Climate ActionacceptedVersio
Replacing Car Trips with a Cargo Bike Sharing Service: What Features Do Users Value Most?
Full text linkPernot, D.;Weir, H.T., IV. Replacing Car Trips with a Cargo Bike Sharing Service: What Features Do Users Value Most? Future Transp. 2025, 5, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp5010007While cargo bikes are becoming an increasingly popular alternative to larger, more polluting vehicles in both the logistics and private mobility sectors, there has been comparatively little research on their use for private mobility. The potential of shared cargo bikes to replace car trips has been examined in some studies, but no previous research has investigated the critical factors that make it a valued alternative. By studying users’ willingness to pay, this paper examines the perceived value of a free cargo bike sharing service for users. The research is based on a survey of 321 users of the Fietje cargo bike sharing service in Bremen, conducted in 2022. In this sample, 38 to 55% of shared cargo bikes trips would otherwise have been performed by car. The paper identifies the transport of objects and children as critical features that provide value to users and create the potential to replace car trips. The results also draw attention to the fact that a cargo bike sharing service is likely to be a more effective tool for reducing car use if it is free. Introducing a fee would increase car trips by 14 to 18% of the total trips enabled by the service.Replacing Car Trips with a Cargo Bike Sharing Service: What Features Do Users Value Most?publishedVersio
E-bikes and travel behaviour change: systematic review of experimental studies with meta-analyses
No full textChevance, G., Bourne, J., Foley, L., Green, J., Sundfør, H. B., Fyhri, A., & Bernard, P. (2025). E-bikes and travel behaviour change: systematic review of experimental studies with meta-analyses. Transport Reviews, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2025.2474556Transitioning from private cars to active modes of transport is key to reducing transport related greenhouse gases emissions and promoting physical activity. Electrically assisted bicycles, often referred to as e-bikes, play a pivotal role in facilitating this shift. However, the environmental and health benefits of e-bikes depend on the modes they substitute, with the highest benefits obtained when private cars are replaced. This systematic review and meta-analysis targets quasi-experimental (i.e. pre–post measures of travel behaviours without control group) and experimental (i.e. pre–post measures of travel behaviours with control groups) studies assessing the impact of acquiring an e-bike on overall travel behaviour changes expressed in both distances and mode share (in % of kilometres travelled). Ten studies, all conducted in Northern Europe, were included. Results from the narrative synthesis and meta-analysis show that: (i) when participants have access to an e-bike, either through a free loan programme or a purchase, they engage in e-cycling; the meta-analysis reveals a significant difference of 5 km travelled daily after the interventions between participants that got access to an e-bike compared to those from control groups with no e-bikes, reflecting a substantial increase of 26% in e-bike mode share; (ii) e-bikes can substitute for all other modes of transport, but car use appears to be the most affected in both the systematic review and meta-analyses difference (2.4 km fewer travelled per day by car between the intervention and control groups at follow-up, reflecting to a 10% decrease in car mode share); (iii) baseline travel behaviours may influence modal shift, with e-bikes substituting for the most prevalent means of transport in baseline. E-bikes have the potential to be a reliable and competitive alternative to cars in a healthier and more sustainable transport system and our study brings new empirical evidence to support this claim.E-bikes and travel behaviour change: systematic review of experimental studies with meta-analysesacceptedVersio
“I trust Norway” – investigating acceptance of shared autonomous shuttles using open and closed questions in short-form street interviews
No full textOle Aasvik, Marjan Hagenzieker, Pål Ulleberg, “I trust Norway” – Investigating acceptance of shared autonomous shuttles using open and closed questions in short-form street interviews, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Volume 31, 2025, 101414, ISSN 2590-1982, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101414.Shared autonomous shuttles (SASs) could improve the mobility infrastructure in the worlds’ growing cities. This novel service could reduce congestion and improve both mobility and sustainability. To facilitate the implementation of SASs, more research is needed on the psychological aspects of sharing a small, intimate shuttle with strangers. The current study is among the first to use open-ended questions to investigate SAS acceptance. This investigation is based on the Multi-Level Model on Automated Vehicle Acceptance (MAVA). We had 236 participants answer short-form interviews including both open-ended questions and quantitative items. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlations, and qualitative data analyzed with directed content analysis. Respondents seem very positive about the proposed new transport service. We found that perceived usefulness, hedonic motivation, trust, and social influence shared large correlations with intentions to use. Other factors such as demographics, technology savviness and use of public transport did not share a linear relationship with intentions to use. Qualitative analysis suggests that, while most people do not mind sharing shuttles with strangers, some could find the social situation deterring. People seem most concerned with availability, effectiveness, travel cost and safety. The reported positive attitudes towards the service seem predicated upon trust in the government regulation and proper testing of the technology, that many think of as immature. Regulation and thorough testing may be paramount in keeping people positive. This study emphasizes the importance of trust and safety to adoption of SAS, while suggesting new factors that need further investigation.“I trust Norway” – investigating acceptance of shared autonomous shuttles using open and closed questions in short-form street interviewspublishedVersio
Demand-side challenges and research needs on the road to 100% zero-emission vehicle sales
No full textScott Hardman et al 2025 Prog. Energy 7 022001.
Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.Most net-zero emissions targets require electrification of the entire light-duty vehicle fleet, and before that the electrification of all new vehicle sales. In this paper, we review literature on demand-side issues related to achieving 100% zero-emissions vehicle sales, focusing on plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). We discuss potential demand-side challenges to increasing PEV sales and related research gaps, including consumer factors (perceptions, knowledge, and consumer characterises), demand-focused policy (incentives), infrastructure, and energy prices. While global PEV sales have substantially increased in recent years, several challenges remain: some demographic groups are currently underrepresented among PEV buyers (e.g. renters, lower income buyers), some car drivers are resistant to PEVs, incentives are influential but have predominantly benefited higher-income new-car buyers and are being phased out, infrastructure is not sufficiently developed or equally distributed, infrastructure is not user friendly, and some households lack charging access. Some issues we identify may be related to the early stage of the PEV market, though will need to be addressed to reach higher PEV sales and PEV fleet shares. Finally, we outline areas where more research is needed to understand and guide the PEV transition.Demand-side challenges and research needs on the road to 100% zero-emission vehicle salesacceptedVersio
Developing a simplified model for safety management system in African transport companies
No full textTor-Olav Nævestad, Enoch F. Sam, Jenny Blom, Anthony Fiangor, Lars E. Egner, Rune Elvik, Developing a simplified model for safety management system in African transport companies, Transportation Research Procedia, Volume 89, 2025, Pages 255-270,
ISSN 2352-1465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2025.05.060.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the African Transport Research Conference 2024 (ATRC-2024)The study compares framework conditions for safety and organisational safety management among bus drivers in Norway and Ghana, based on bus driver survey data in the two countries (n=285 and 281) and interview data (n=11 and n=19). An overarching purpose is to adapt the Norwegian Safety ladder for safety management to African bus companies. Multivariate analyses of the survey data indicate that Safety Ladder practices influence organisational safety culture, which influences aggressive driving style which in turn influence drivers’ accident involvement. Our study show, however, that the Ghanaian bus companies have few formal safety measures in place, and that they should start to work with safety commitment, and focusing on drivers’ driving style and seat belt use. We discuss, however, whether it is sufficient for the Ghanaian bus companies to focus on organisational safety management, given the framework conditions that are negative to safety. Bus drivers in Ghana experience far more challenging framework conditions for safety than the Norwegian bus drivers. The most important framework condition for bus drivers in Ghana is type of employer (commercial or institutional), which influence whether drivers have bonus wage arrangements (which lead to speeding, driving while tired), and which also influence rest rules, vehicle standard etc. The safety commitment of managers might not be sufficient, if the drivers need to maximize the bonus pay arrangement to earn their living. Thus, we also point to authorities’ responsibility to change these framework conditions. Despite the ambitious goal of adapting the Safey ladder for transport management to African transport companies, the focus of this paper is only on one African country: Ghana. It is an important issue for future research to examine these issues further in other African countries.Developing a simplified model for safety management system in African transport companiesVolvo Research and Educational Foundations (VREF)publishedVersio
Willingness to pay for sustainable delivery: Evidence from young consumers in Italy and Norway
No full textMarta Biancolin, Lucia Rotaris, Delphine Pernot, Willingness to pay for sustainable delivery: Evidence from young consumers in Italy and Norway, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Volume 199, 2025, 104580, ISSN 0965-8564, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2025.104580.The exponential growth of online shopping has created new operational and environmental challenges for last-mile distribution. Despite growing concerns about the environmental impact of e-commerce, little is known about consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce last-mile delivery emissions. This paper estimates WTP for offsetting delivery emissions, considering factors such as shopping habits, attitudinal influences, and country-specific preferences. A contingent valuation (CV) survey was conducted with 3,791 respondents in Italy and Norway—two countries with differing levels of environmental consciousness and social responsibility—and a hybrid mixed logit model (HMXL) was used to estimate WTP. The results show that frequent online shoppers are more likely to pay to reduce delivery emissions, with WTP varying by socio-demographic characteristics and types of products purchased online. Belief in societal environmental responsibility significantly influences WTP, especially among Norwegian respondents. Additionally, awareness of the environmental damage caused by delivery emissions plays a crucial role in shaping the WTP. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the WTP for offsetting last-mile delivery emissions using CV and HMXL, comparing countries with differing environmental sensitivities. These findings offer valuable insights for e-retailers seeking strategies to reduce last-mile emissions and for policymakers promoting sustainable urban freight distribution.Willingness to pay for sustainable delivery: Evidence from young consumers in Italy and NorwaypublishedVersio
Experiences of Using Urban Growth Agreements to Influence Local Land Use Policy and Stop Sprawl
Full text linkTennøy, A.; Hanssen, G.S., Leknes, E. Experiences of Using Urban Growth Agreements to Influence Local Land Use Policy and
Stop Sprawl. Land 2025, 14, 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14020333Urban growth agreements are key tools for achieving the goal of zero growth in passenger road traffic volumes in Norwegian metropolitan areas. Agreements are negotiated in multi-level and cross-sectoral processes where local politicians meet strong expectations and incentives to alter their land use policies and stop sprawl. This paper analyses the effectiveness of the policy instrument in influencing local land use policy, whereby key issues were raised in the negotiations concerning land use, local politicians’ reflections on changing their policies and why they were reluctant to stop sprawl. This research was designed as a comparative case study with three negotiation processes as cases. Data were collected through document studies and interviews with 36 professionals and politicians. Key issues in the negotiations over land use regarded principles of authority in land use planning and decision-making and substantial disagreements concerning land use policies. Local politicians saw sprawl as necessary for attaining local objectives. Conflicting framings of the policy issue, namely ‘stopping sprawl to achieve zero traffic growth’ and ‘continuing sprawl to attain local objectives’, explained the policy controversy that made discourse difficult. The resulting agreements did not directly influence local land use policies but might have an effect in the longer term.Experiences of Using Urban Growth Agreements to Influence Local Land Use Policy and Stop SprawlpublishedVersio