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Risk assessment of "other substances" - creatine. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. VKM report 2016:56
Get PDFThe Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, assessed the risk of specified doses of L-creatine in food supplements. VKM concludes that:
• In adults (> 18 years) a daily dose of 3.0 g/day creatine in food supplements is unlikely to cause adverse health effects. Doses of 5.0, 10.0 and 24.0 g/day creatine in food supplements may represent a risk of adverse health effects.
• In children (10-14 years) and adolescents (14-17 years) the specified doses of 3.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 24.0 g/day creatine in food supplements may represent a risk of adverse health effects.publishedVersio
Risk assessment of "other substances" - conjugated linoleic acids. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety
Get PDFThe Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, assessed the risk of specified doses of CLAs in food supplements. VKM concludes that: • In adults (≥18 years), the specified doses 3.0, 3.25 and 3.5 g/day CLAs in food supplements are considered to be unlikely to cause adverse health effects if used for up to six months. • CLA may cause lipid- and carbohydrate disturbances in obese men with metabolic syndrome as well as in overweight/obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. • Use of CLA supplements in lactating and pregnant women may cause reduction in milk production and in the content on milk fat and cause decreased birth weight andlength in their off-springs. • No conclusion can be made for children and adolescents. • Data are insufficient to conclude regarding use of CLAs for more than six months.publishedVersio
Multidisciplinary Intervention in Patients with Musculoskeletal Pain: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFAbstract
BACKGROUND:
Musculoskeletal pain is associated with comorbidity, extensive use of health services, long-term disability and reduced quality of life. The scientific literature on effects of treatment for musculoskeletal pain is inconclusive.
PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study is to compare a multidisciplinary intervention (MI), including use of the novel Interdisciplinary Structured Interview with a Visual Educational Tool (ISIVET), with a brief intervention (BI), on effects on mental and physical symptoms, functioning ability, use of health services and coping in patients sick-listed due to musculoskeletal pain.
METHOD:
Two hundred eighty-four adults aged 18-60, referred to a specialist clinic in physical rehabilitation, were randomized to MI or BI. Patients received a medical examination at baseline and completed a comprehensive questionnaire at baseline, 3 months and 12 months.
RESULTS:
Both groups reported improvements in mental and physical symptoms, including pain, and improved functioning ability at 3 and 12 months, but the MI group improved faster than the BI group except from reports of pain, which had a similar course. Significant interactions between group and time were found on mental symptoms (anxiety (p < 0.05), depression (p < 0.01), somatization (p < 0.01)) and functioning ability (p < 0.01) due to stronger effects in the MI group at 3 months. At 3 and 12 months, the MI group reported significantly less use of health services (general practitioner (p < 0.05)). At 12 months, the MI group reported better self-evaluated capability of coping with complaints (p < 0.001) and they took better care of their own health (p < 0.001), compared to the BI group.
CONCLUSION:
The results indicate that the MI may represent an important supplement in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain.Innlandet Hospital Trust (Norway) funded the study.publishedVersio
Risk assessment of “other substances” - L-cysteine and L-cystine. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety
Get PDFThe Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has, at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, assessed the risk of specified doses of L-cysteine and L-cystine in food supplements. VKM concludes that:
In adolescents (14 to <18 years) and adults (≥18 years), the specified doses 10 mg/day L-cysteine and 250, 500 and 750 mg/day L-cystine in food supplements are considered to be unlikely to cause adverse health effects, whereas the dose 1000 mg L-cystine per day may represent a risk of adverse health effects.
In children (10 to <14 years), the specified doses 10 mg/day L-cysteine and 250 and 500 mg/day L-cystine in food supplements are considered to be unlikely to cause adverse health effects, whereas the doses 750 and 1000 mg L-cystine per day may represent a risk of adverse health effects.publishedVersio
A 36-month follow-up of decline in activities of daily living in individuals receiving domiciliary care
Get PDFBackground There have been few studies of how personal and instrumental activities of daily living (P-ADL and I-ADL) develop over time in older people receiving domiciliary care. This study aimed at assessing variables associated with the development of P-ADL and I-ADL functioning over a 36-month follow-up period, with a particular focus on cognitive functioning. Method In all, 1001 older people (≥70 years) receiving domiciliary care were included in a longitudinal study with three assessments of P-ADL and I-ADL functioning during 36 months. P-ADL and I-ADL were assessed using the Lawton and Brody’s Physical Self-Maintenance Scale and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, respectively. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), diagnosis of dementia and MCI, neuropsychiatric symptoms and use of psychotropic medication were also evaluated during the three assessments. Baseline demographic and general medical health information and information of being a nursing home resident at follow-up were recorded. Linear mixed models were estimated. Results There was a significant decline in P-ADL and I-ADL functioning throughout the follow-up. A lower MMSE sum-score, diagnosed MCI and dementia, a higher level of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the use of antipsychotics and antidepressants recorded at each assessment were associated with a decline in both P-ADL and I-ADL functioning. Furthermore, a decline in P-ADL and I-ADL functioning at follow-ups was associated with being male, a higher baseline age and in poorer medical health as well as residing in a nursing home. Conclusion P-ADL and I-ADL functioning in older people worsened over time. The worsening was associated with lower MMSE sum-score, diagnosed MCI and dementia, poorer medical health, neuropsychiatric symptoms, use of psychotropic medication and being transferred to nursing home care. Clinicians should pay close attention to the assessment and treatment of these factors to help older people maintain their level of functioning for as long as possible.A 36-month follow-up of decline in activities of daily living in individuals receiving domiciliary carepublishedVersio
Cognitive Functions and Depression in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Get PDFBackground. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with depression and depression with impaired cognitive functions. The primary aim was to study associations between depression and cognitive functions in patients with IBS. Methods. IBS (according to the Rome III criteria), cognitive functions (evaluated with a set of neuropsychological tests), and depression (measured with Beck Depression Inventory II and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Scale) were analysed in patients with idiopathic depression and in patients with unspecified neurological symptoms. Results. 18 and 48 patients with a mean age of 47 and 45 years were included in the “Depression” and “Neurological” group, respectively. In the “Depression” group, the degree of depression was significantly higher in patients with IBS than in those without. Depression was associated with impaired cognitive function in 6 out of 17 neuropsychological tests indicating reduced set shifting, verbal fluency, attention, and psychomotor speed. IBS was statistically significantly associated with depression but not with any of the tests for cognitive functions. Conclusions. IBS was associated with depression but not with impaired cognitive functions. Since the idiopathic depression was associated with cognitive deficits, the findings could indicate that the depression in patients with IBS differs from an idiopathic depression.Cognitive Functions and Depression in Patients with Irritable Bowel SyndromepublishedVersio
General principles for the risk assessment of “other substances” in food supplements and energy drinks. Report of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids, Materials in Contact with Food and Cosmetics and the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety
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Risk assessment of folic acid in food supplements. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy
Get PDFThe Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) received a request from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to assess whether the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of folic acid should be amended in light of new scientific evidence suggesting a possible link between high intake levels of folic acid and risk of cancer. Folic acid obtained from both food supplements and fortified foods should be assessed. Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate and is commonly used in food supplements and in food fortification because of its stability and bioavailability. Folic acid is reduced, methylated and released into the circulation. Natural folates occur in reduced forms, e.g. as tetrahydrofolate (THF), which are unstable and may thus loose biochemical activity during harvesting, storage, processing, and preparation.publishedVersio
Risk assessment of beta-carotene in food supplements. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy
Get PDFBeta-carotene is a provitamin, i.e. a precursor of vitamin A (retinol), which is classified as an essential nutrient for humans. Beta-carotene is one of many carotenoids found in plants, fungi and bacteria. Carotenoids are therefore predominantly obtained through foods of plant origin or food supplements. Carrots contribute approximately half of the total beta-carotene intake in the Norwegian diet, followed by mixed frozen vegetables, tomatoes, fruits and berries. VKM emphasises that this opinion on upper level (UL) for beta-carotene addresses beta-carotene in food supplements only. Beta-carotene from regular foods such as vegetables and fruits is not considered to be a health concern.publishedVersio
Predictors for Nursing Home Admission and Death among Community-Dwelling People 70 Years and Older Who Receive Domiciliary Care
Get PDFOriginal Research ArticleAim: The aim of this study was to analyze which variables predicted nursing home admission (NHA) and death. Methods: 1,001 recipients of domiciliary care were assessed three times in a 3-year period. Through bivariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, associations between a covariate and the outcomes were analyzed. Results: Participants with dementia had a higher risk of NHA (odds ratio 3.88, 95% confidence interval 2.92-5.16) compared to participants without dementia. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory sub-syndrome psychosis, poorer functional impairment and age were associated with NHA. Female sex, age, worse medical health and functional impairment were associated with death. Conclusion: Support to the caregiver and education on how to meet and cope with behavioral disturbance, depressive mood and sub-syndrome psychosis will probably enable the family to better adapt to late life changes.We are grateful to the participating families and staff in the domiciliary care services for their help in data collection. The project was made possible by funding from the Norwegian Directorate of Health and by grant 187980 from the Research Council of Norway. Coordinator Lisbeth D. Høgset and statistician Jurate Salyte-Benth also contributed assistance and counseling that improved the study and the content of this paper.publishedVersio