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One Step Less for Operators, a Giant Leap for Fenestrated Endovascular Aneurysm Repair?
No full textInternational audienc
Contre vents et marées : la politique juridique des Tuvalu face à la disparition annoncée des petits Etats insulaires
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European consensus on endoscopic surgery for bilateral vocal fold immobility: classification and nomenclature
No full textInternational audienceIntroductionThere are inconsistencies in how different endoscopic procedures to manage Bilateral Vocal Fold Immobility (BVFI) have been described in the literature. This limits our ability to compare functional outcomes. There is no unifying international terminology available that precisely describes the anatomical boundaries and extent of the different types of treatment. A pan-European consensus regarding terminology of different endoscopic surgical procedures to manage BVFI in adults was developed.MethodsThirty-one expert laryngologists and phoniatricians of the European Laryngological Society (ELS) or Union of the European Phoniatricians (UEP), participated in a modified Delphi process. They voted on an initial series of 13 proposed statements, including graphical visualization of different endoscopic surgical techniques for BVFI. Statements reaching > 70% of agreement in the first voting round were accepted. In the second voting round, eight revised and newly proposed statements were accepted with an increased threshold of > 80%.ResultsFourteen statements were anonymously validated through two voting rounds. The following categories of endoscopic arytenoid and vocal fold surgery were defined: total arytenoidectomy, partial arytenoidectomy (subclassified into subtotal, anteromedial, posteromedial and superomedial), posterior cordectomy (subclassified into ligamental, transmuscular and ventriculocordectomy) and transverse cordotomy (subclassified into posterior cordotomy and ventriculocordotomy). The suffixes ‘with mucosal preservation’, ‘with laterofixation’ and ‘combined procedure’ were defined too.ConclusionThis ELS-UEP consensus on endoscopic arytenoid and vocal fold surgery for BVFI provides a practical nomenclature and classification to improve reporting in literature and clinical practice and to allow comparison of functional outcomes
Burning of woody debris dominates fire emissions in the Amazon and Cerrado
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Preindustrial-to-present-day changes in atmospheric carbon monoxide: agreement and gaps between ice archives and global model reconstructions
No full textInternational audienceGlobal chemistry-climate models (CCMs) play an important role in assessing the climate and air pollution implications of aerosols and chemically reactive gases. Evaluating these models under past conditions and constraining historical sources and sinks necessitate reliable records of atmospheric mixing ratios spanning preindustrial times. Such precious records were recently obtained for carbon monoxide (CO), documenting for the first time the evolution of this reactive compound over the industrial era. In this study, we compare the simulated atmospheric surface CO mixing ratios ([CO]) from two different sets of chemistry-climate models and emissions within the frameworks of CMIP5 and of CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5 and 6) to recent bipolar ice archive reconstructions for the period spanning 1850 to the present. We analyse how historical (1850-2014) [CO] outputs from 16 ACCMIP (Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project) models and 7 AerChemMIP (Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project) models over Greenland and Antarctica are able to capture both absolute values and trends recorded in multi-site ice archives. While most models underestimate [CO] at northern high latitudes, a reduction in this bias is observed between the ACCMIP and the AerChemMIP exercise. Over the 1980-2010 CE period (common era; all subsequent years in the paper are reported in CE), trends in ice archive and firn air observations and AerChemMIP outputs align remarkably well at northern and southern high latitudes, indicating improved quantification of anthropogenic CO emissions and the main CO sink (OH oxidation) compared to ACCMIP. From 1850 to 1980, AerChemMIP models and observations consistently show increasing [CO] in both the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH), suggesting a robust understanding of the CO budget evolution. However, a divergence in the [CO] growth rate emerges in the NH between models and observations over the 1920-1980 period, attributed to uncertainties in CO emission factors (EFs), particularly EFs for the RCO (residential, commercial, and other) and transportation sectors, although we cannot totally rule out the possibility that the CO record based on the Greenland ice archives may be biased high by CO chemical production processes occurring in the ice prior to the measurements (i.e. in situ CO production). In the Southern Hemisphere, AerChemMIP models simulate an increase in atmospheric [CO] from 1850 to 1980 that closely reproduces the observations (22 ± 10 ppb and 13 ± 7 ppb, respectively). Such agreement supports CMIP6 biomass burning CO emission inventories, which do not reveal a peak in CO emissions in the late 19th century. Furthermore, both SH models and observations reveal an accelerated growth rate in [CO] during 1945–1980 relative to 1850–1945, likely linked to increased anthropogenic transportation emissions
FlowAR: une plateforme uniformisée pour la reconnaissance des activités humaines à partir de capteurs binaires
No full textNational audienceThis demo showcases a platform for developing human activity recognition (AR) systems, focusing on daily activities using sensor data, like binary sensors. With a data-driven approach, this platform, named FlowAR, features a three-step pipeline (flow): data cleaning, segmentation, and personalized classification. Its modularity allows flexibility to test methods, datasets, and ensure rigorous evaluations. A concrete use case demonstrates its effectiveness.Cette démonstration présente une plateforme expérimentale dédiée au développement de systèmes de reconnaissance des activités humaines (Activity Recognition), notamment celles de la vie quotidienne (AVQ), à partir de données issues de capteurs tels que les capteurs binaires. En adoptant une approche orientée données, cette plateforme nommée FlowAR s'appuie sur un pipeline (flow) de traitement des données structuré en trois étapes clés : nettoyage, segmentation et classification personnalisée. Grâce à sa modularité, elle offre une flexibilité pour explorer diverses méthodes et jeux de données, permettant des évaluations comparatives rigoureuses et une adaptation aux besoins spécifiques de développement. Un cas d'usage concret illustre son efficacité
Assimilating ESA CCI land surface temperature into the ORCHIDEE land surface model: insights from a multi-site study across Europe
No full textInternational audienceLand surface temperature (LST) plays an essential role in water and energy exchanges between the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Recent advancements in high-quality satellite-derived LST data and land data assimilation systems present a unique opportunity to bridge the gap between global observational data and land surface models (LSMs) to better constrain the water and energy budgets in a changing climate. In this vein, this study focuses on the assimilation of the ESA CCI-LST product into the ORCHIDEE LSM (the continental part of the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Earth system model) with the aim of optimizing key parameters to improve the simulation of LST and surface energy fluxes. We use the land data assimilation system for the OR-CHIDEE model (ORCHIDAS) to conduct a series of synthetic twin data assimilation experiments accounting for actual data availability and uncertainty from ESA CCI-LST to find an optimal strategy for assimilating LST. Here, we test different strategies of assimilation, notably investigating (i) two optimization methods (a random search technique and a gradient-based technique) and (ii) different ways to assimilate LST using the only raw data and/or different characteristics of the LST diurnal cycle (e.g. mean daily, daily amplitude, maximum and minimum temperatures, and morning and afternoon gradients). Upon identifying the optimal approach, we use ORCHIDAS to assimilate ESA CCI-LST data across 34 European sites provided by the Warm Winter database. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of assimilating 3 h CCI-LST data in ORCHIDEE over a single year in 2018, thereby improving the accuracy of simulated LST and fluxes. This improvement, assessed against CCI-LST and in situ observations, reaches up to a 60 % reduction in the root-mean-square deviation, with a median decrease of 20 % over the entire validation period (2009-2020). Furthermore, we evaluate the effectiveness of optimized parameters for application at larger scales using the median of optimized parameters per vegetation type across sites. Notably, the performance for both LST and fluxes exhibits consistent stability over the years, comparable to using site-specific parameters, and indicates a significant improvement in the modelled fluxes. Future work will be focused on refining the utilization of the observation uncertainties provided by the ESA CCI-LST product (e.g. decomposed uncertainties and spatiotemporal variability) in the assimilation process.</div
European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 2: Treatment – Update 2024
No full textInternational audienceA unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was formed to make recommendations on cutaneous melanoma diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. Cutaneous melanomas are excised with one to two-centimeter safety margins. For a correct stage classification and treatment decision, a sentinel lymph node biopsy shall be offered in patients with tumor thickness ≥ 1.0 mm or ≥ 0.8 mm with additional histological risk factors, although there is as yet no clear survival benefit for this approach. Therapeutic decisions should be primarily made by an interdisciplinary oncology team ("Tumor Board"). Adjuvant therapies can be proposed in completely resected stage IIB-IV. In stage II only PD-1 inhibitors are approved. In stage III anti-PD-1 therapy or dabrafenib plus trametinib for patients with BRAFV600 mutated melanoma can be discussed. In resected stage IV, nivolumab can be offered, as well as ipilimumab and nivolumab, in selected, high-risk patients. In patients with clinically detected macroscopic, resectable disease, neoadjuvant therapy with ipilimumab plus nivolumab followed complete surgical resection and adjuvant therapy according to pathological response and BRAF status can be offered. Neoadjuvant therapy with pembrolizumab followed by complete surgical resection and adjuvant pembrolizumab is also recommended. For patients with disease recurrence after (neo) adjuvant therapy, further treatment should consider the type of (neo) adjuvant therapy received as well as the time of recurrence, i.e., on or off therapy. In patients with irresectable stage III/IV disease systemic treatment is always indicated. For first line treatment PD-1 antibodies alone or in combination with CTLA-4 or LAG-3 antibodies shall be considered. In stage IV melanoma with a BRAFV600 mutation, first-line therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors can be offered as an alternative to immunotherapy, in selected cases. In patients with primary resistance to immunotherapy and harboring a BRAFV600 mutation, this therapy shall be offered as second line. Other second line therapies include therapy with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors not used in first line. This guideline is valid until the end of 2026
Complementarities of nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy for exploring micromechanical features of ancient flax fibres
No full textInternational audienceThe use of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) fibres for textile dates back to several millennia; in Ancient Egypt flax was widely used in many everyday items. While flax fibres continue to diversify today as composite reinforcements, the study of their historical use is highly relevant when it comes to their durability; archaeological samples offer unique lenses for understanding changes in intrinsic fibre properties after long–time periods. Through a comprehensive examination of ancient Egyptian flax fibres from four archaeological artefacts, this study carries out a detailed characterisation of the fibre ultrastructure and micromechanical properties by combining nanoindentation (NI) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). This work highlights the complementary of these techniques for both heritage and materials science; it demonstrates on some samples, the remarkable cell wall stiffness, even after thousands of years, which is a key element for the bio-based composites sector, to better understand the degradation mechanisms of plant fibres
