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Homoepitaxial growth of device-grade GaAs using low-pressure remote plasma CVD
No full textInternational audienc
Perceptions des patients vis-à-vis de la téléconsultation dans le suivi à long terme après un cancer pédiatrique
No full textInternational audienceFor the past decade, "long-term follow-up consultations" have been established for adults cured of pediatric cancer to ensure the prevention, early detection, and treatment of long-term effects. These consultations are now sometimes conducted in the form of teleconsultations, a practice that has seen significant growth following the COVID-19 crisis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction, usefulness, and patient experience of teleconsultations conducted by an oncologist or hematologist as part of the long-term follow-up of adults cured of pediatric cancer. This is a descriptive multicenter study of a sample of adult patients cured of pediatric cancer who benefited from a long-term follow-up teleconsultation. After each teleconsultation, a satisfaction questionnaire was sent to the patient. Descriptive analyses were conducted for all variables, and bivariate analyses were performed between the variables of interest (satisfaction, trust, usefulness) and five covariates (gender, type of diagnosis, health status perception, education level, prior teleconsultation experience) using Fisher's exact test. Regarding the overall appreciation of their long-term follow-up teleconsultation experience, 73% of patients were very satisfied and 25% fairly satisfied. Notably, all of them were satisfied with the consultation time (88%), feeling that they were able to discuss the topics they wanted (83%). Consequently, 71% of patients expressed a desire to use teleconsultation in the future
Self-assembly processes of 2D Au(i)–S(CH2)2COOH lamellae
No full textfffInternational audienceSolving the assembled structure of Au(I)-thiolate linear coordination polymers has been a challenging task as they generally lack good crystallinity. This has prevented the elucidation of their assembly processes at the molecular level. In this paper, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of two-dimensional (2D) Au(I)–S(CH2)2COOH (Au(I)-MPA) lamellae are obtained by applying cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The SAED patterns allow to propose a packing mode of Au(I)-MPA chains in the 2D structure by comparison with the crystal structure of Ag(I)-MPA solved from powder X-ray diffraction. Then, multi-step self-assembly processes to 2D lamellae via the aggregation and crystallization of an intermediate of 1D pre-assemblies are disclosed, which explains the difficulty in synthesize their large single crystals. Based on these results, 2D Au(I)-MPA lamellae with tunable sizes and degrees of crystallinity are synthesized by kinetic control of solvent composition and temperature
Drivers of CMIP Tropical Pacific Warming Pattern Diversity
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Anthropogenic changes in sea surface temperature relative to the tropical mean (relative SST) play a pivotal role in influencing atmospheric stability and circulation. In the tropical Pacific, CMIP5/6 multi‐model mean (MMM) projections by the end of the 21st century show a southeastern relative cooling and a reduced equatorial SST gradient, although individual models exhibit considerable diversity. Using a simplified heat budget framework, we analyze the processes driving these relative SST changes across 63 CMIP5/6 models under historical and most pessimistic future scenarios. In the southeastern tropical Pacific, MMM relative SST cooling is driven by intensified winds that enhance latent heat flux, with inter‐model diversity explained by variations in clouds and winds. Conversely, the MMM equatorial SST gradient reduction arises from reduced evaporative cooling efficiency in the climatologically cold eastern Pacific. A heat budget covariance analysis reveals that inter‐model diversity in equatorial Pacific warming is predominantly driven by ocean dynamical processes, challenging previous studies that emphasized cloud feedback mechanisms. Clouds instead mitigate inter‐model spread. The inter‐model spread in ocean dynamics is linked to two factors: trade wind relaxation and the cold tongue bias. Stronger trade wind relaxation amplifies western Pacific warming, while a weaker cold tongue indicates a less effective ocean thermostat, enhancing eastern Pacific warming. During the present‐day period, only a subset of models captures the observed equatorial SST gradient strengthening, but the mechanisms vary across these models, complicating the identification of robust drivers of this observed trend
Status of ocean observations in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean
No full textInternational audienceOne of the largest sectors of the Southern Ocean is the Indian Sector, which plays an important role in regulating the Earth’s climate and supports a diverse ecosystem. To understand how climate change impacts the environment in this sector, ocean observations are collected via various platforms, including conventional ship-based technologies, autonomous instruments (e.g., animal-borne sensors, autonomous underwater vehicles, and profiling floats), satellites, and other remote sensing methods. However, the harsh environment, remoteness, and natural obstacles such as sea ice and clouds limit year-round ocean observations by vessel and satellite, respectively. This incomplete data coverage makes predicting future scenarios a challenge. Here, led by the Regional Working Group for the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean in the Southern Ocean Observing System, we examined the status of multidisciplinary ocean observations in the Indian Sector. Our review covers oceanography, sea ice, biogeochemistry, air–sea flux, pelagic and benthic biology, and direct anthropogenic pressures. We also address seasonal and spatial gaps, along with platform biases. Furthermore, we explore the synergies between modelling and observations, highlighting how models can test hypotheses, address observational gaps, and, in turn, benefit from improved observational data. Finally, we provide recommendations for enhancing the observing system in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean to better understand its current state and anticipated future changes
Biomarkers for Detecting Surgical Emergency in Acute Abdomen—A Prospective Observational Study
No full textInternational audienceBackground In the emergency setting, acute abdominal pain is a diagnostic challenge. We evaluated the diagnostic value of selected inflammatory and stress biomarkers to identify surgical emergency. Methods Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute abdominal pain were included in this prospective observational study. Copeptin, cortisol, procalcitonin, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured upon presentation and at 4 h, in addition to C-reactive protein (CRP), and leukocyte and neutrophil cell counts. At 2 weeks, follow-up was performed by telephone interview. Results Of the 304 patients included, 46 (15%) patients had a surgical emergency and 87 (29%) a medical emergency. On admission, CRP, procalcitonin, and leukocyte and neutrophil cell counts were higher in patients with a surgical emergency (P = 0.024, P = 0.009, P = 0.0032, and P < 0.0001, respectively) and medical emergency (all P < 0.001) as compared to patients without emergency. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was to predict surgical emergency and were good for leukocyte (AUC 0.75, 95% CI, 0.66–0.84) and neutrophil cell count (AUC 0.75, 95%, CI 0.66–0.84), mediocre for CRP (AUC 0.64, 95% CI, 0.55–0.73) and procalcitonin (AUC 0.62, 95%CI 0.45–0.75), and not useful for IL-6, copeptin, or cortisol. A recursive partitioning prediction model yielded CRP as the most relevant biomarker to predict surgical emergency. Conclusions The stress biomarkers copeptin and cortisol were not useful for identifying surgical emergency. Among the tested biomarkers, initial leukocyte and neutrophil cell counts, CRP and procalcitonin, and IL-6 at Hour 4, performed similarly to identify surgical emergency in acute abdomen. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number NCT0239915
Plant evidence of environmental and hydrological changes in Vichama, Peru (1800–1500 BCE)
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Development and Validation of a Surgical Performance Assessment Scale for Lung Lobectomy and Lymph Node Dissection
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: Assessing surgical trainees’ performance requires objective, validated, and reliable evaluation tools. We developed and validated the Lung Lobectomy Performance Assessment Scale Score (LOB-PASS) to objectively evaluate lung lobectomy performance, including lymph node dissection, across different surgical approaches (postero-lateral thoracotomy, video-assisted, and robot-assisted).Methods: The LOB-PASS scale was developed using the Delphi consensus method and response process testing in simulation sessions. Validation was performed on 48 thoracic surgery residents, assessed by independent observers through simulation-based response testing. Internal structure was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), correlation scores from linear regression (R2), and Bland-Altman analysis. Inter-observer score comparisons were conducted using the Wilcoxon test and the F-test.Results: The final scale included 52 items categorized into seven domains: opening (n = 6), cavity exploration and lymph node dissection (n = 12), vein time (n = 5), arterial time (n = 8), bronchial time (n = 6), parenchymal time (n = 7), and closure (n = 8), with a total score of 104 points. Internal structure analysis was based on 48 simulation procedures: Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89, ICC = 0.92, R2 = 0.84. No significant inter-observer differences were found (P > .05). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a mean difference of 0.19, with 95% limits of agreement ranging from −13.3 to 13.7.Conclusions: LOB-PASS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing lung lobectomy performance with lymph node dissection across all surgical approaches. Integrating LOB-PASS into surgical training curricula could standardize competency assessment and optimize technical skill acquisition in thoracic surgery
Modeling Jovian Plasma‐Europa Interactions: Innovative Atmosphere and Ionosphere Depiction for JUICE Mission Insights
No full textInternational audienceThe JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission, launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) in April 2023, aims to explore Jupiter and its icy moons, particularly focusing on Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. This study uses the Latmos Hybrid Simulation (LatHyS) model to simulate Europa's plasma and field environment, emphasizing the upcoming JUICE flybys in July 2032. The LatHyS model, incorporating a detailed 3D exospheric model and a self‐consistent ionosphere, allows for comprehensive analysis of the moon‐plasma interactions at ion scales. Our simulations, validated against Galileo's E4 flyby data, demonstrate the model's accuracy in reproducing key features of the plasma environment and ionospheric dynamics. To characterize the system's response to neutral/ionospheric environment assumptions, we compare three simulations, with different neutral and ionosphere impacts, revealing the ionosphere's influence on the magnetic field intensity. Using an atmosphere derived from a planetary exosphere simulation model like EGM allows for the consideration of various asymmetries and multiple major neutral species, supporting further studies on ionospheric ion dynamics. Results highlight the complex interactions influenced by Europa's neutral and ionospheric conditions, providing insights for the anticipated JUICE observations. The measured signatures primarily depend on the interactions with the ionosphere along the spacecraft's trajectory and simulations show that a dense ionosphere deduced from radio occultation observations cannot reproduce the observed in situ signatures. The exosphere being a source for planetary ions, it was shown that it is significant to consider the spatial asymmetries in global interaction models in order to better account for its impact on the system
Risk of preterm delivery in women with a history of preterm labor successfully arrested by tocolytic treatment in their previous pregnancy
No full textInternational audienceWe aimed to determine if women with a history of preterm labor successfully arrested by tocolytic treatment who gave birth at term in their previous pregnancy are at an increased risk of preterm delivery in their next pregnancy. Material and Methods This case‐control study included women with two consecutive singleton pregnancies who gave birth in the 15‐year period of 2000–2014 at the tertiary hospital of Poissy‐Saint‐Germain. Cases (preterm labor [PTL] group) included all women admitted with intact membranes for preterm labor that was successfully arrested by tocolytic treatment between 24 + 0 and 34 + 6 weeks' gestation and who gave birth at term in the first of these two pregnancies. Two control groups were selected: (i) a spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD) group including all women with a preterm delivery in the first pregnancy, and (ii) a term delivery (TD) group that included women selected among those who gave birth at term in the previous pregnancy. The primary outcome was the spontaneous preterm birth in the next pregnancy. Results The PTL, sPTD, and TD groups included 114, 50, and 114 women, respectively. There were no significant differences for maternal age, body mass index, or relationship situation for both pregnancies. The mean (± SD) gestational age at the first study delivery was 39.1 (±1.2) weeks in the PTL group, 33.2 (±3.7) weeks in the PTD group, and 39.6 (±1.2) weeks in the TD group ( p < 0.001 for each comparison). The delivery rate before 37 weeks of gestation in the subsequent pregnancy was 18.4% in the arrested PTL group, 34.0% in the PTB group, and 4.4% in the TD groups ( p = 0.047 between arrested PTL and sPTD; p < 0,001 between arrested PTL and TD) and before 34 weeks, 6.1%, 16.0%, and 0%, respectively ( p = 0.044 between arrested PTL and sPTD; p < 0,001 between arrested PTL and TD). Conclusions Women with a history of preterm labor that was successfully arrested by tocolytic treatment, resulting in a TD, are at a higher risk of preterm delivery in their next pregnancy than women with no such history, but a lower risk than those with a preterm delivery in their last pregnancy