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Report of AGROCHRONO project actions within the frame of MAFBI
No full textAGROCHRONO is a project led by Dr. Emmanuelle CASANOVA on the development of agropastoral practices during Neolithic and Chalcolithoc periods in Pakistan. A field trip to Sindh from 17th November to 7th December within the MAFBI frame was performed to realise three main objectives : 1 Archaeological excavations in Ghazi Shah, 2 Geoarchaeological surveys in Ghazi Shah and Manchar lake area, 3 creation of a modern reference database of domesticates animal produc
Microbial risks triggered by oral administration of antibiotics in fish aquaculture persist long after the legally mandated antibiotic withdrawal time
No full textInternational audienceIndustrial aquaculture relies on antibiotics such as florfenicol to combat disease and maintain production, but microbial risks, particularly concerning antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) after the mandated withdrawal time, are poorly understood. To address this, we simulated standard and prolonged florfenicol treatments in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and performed metagenomic analyses of the gut resistome, mobilome and microbiome. Here we show that florfenicol administration caused significant resistome shifts. While ARG abundance decreased during post-treatment times, it remained elevated above control levels even after the mandated withdrawal time. Integrons and a composite transposon harbouring floR facilitated ARG dissemination during florfenicol treatments. Following withdrawal, gut microbiota of fish subjected to prolonged treatments harboured more diverse ARG-carrying plasmids than controls. Although the dominant microbiota showed resilience, some ARG-carrying bacteria remained enriched. Of the enriched potential pathogens, 47.1% harboured ARGs identical to those on plasmids. Crucially, the high similarity between plasmid and chromosomal ARG-flanking sequences underscores a key role of plasmid in ARG transfer. Overall, florfenicol treatment increased both the abundance and the mobility of ARGs in the carp gut. The resistome and mobilome profiles did not return to baseline after the mandated withdrawal time, indicating that this period is insufficient to mitigate the ARG transmission risk
Identification of natural and anthropogenic sources of geogenic radionuclides by using a multi-isotope tracing approach
No full textInternational audienceEnvironmental monitoring programs of nuclear legacy sites,formerly producing U-enriched materials, are mainly based onthe interpretation of radionuclide concentrations in soils andsediments sampled downstream from these sites. However, thevariations of these concentrations can be very low in upstreamand downstream sampling locations. In addition, the differentgeological origins of soils and sediments can lead to differentgeochemical background values, which can be attributedwrongly to anthropogenic sources. It is therefore important to usegeochemical tracers for accurately deciphering natural andanthropogenic radionuclide sources. This information isimportant for a better understanding of transport mechanisms ofthese substances in the critical zone and improving the evaluationof site management strategies.The methodology proposed aims to provides tools fordiscriminating anthropogenic radioactive sources linked toformer U mining activities, with regard to those originating fromthe natural weathering and erosion of rocks. This approach wasperformed according to a multi-isotope tracing approach,including the determination of (226Ra/228Ra) and (234U/238U)Activity Ratios (ARs) combined with the knowledge of the other238U decay series nuclide disequilibria and Pb stable isotoperatios.Applied to a former U-mining-influenced watershed and lake,these isotopic tools reveal the existence of anthropogenicsignatures in surface environments, several kilometersdownstream from the mining source, several decades after theend of site rehabilitation operations. The integration of theseresults into the chronology of downstream lake sediment depositsshowed that even if U contents remained twice the localgeochemical background, these deposits sampled in a lakerecorded that a part of U has been brought as dissolved speciesfrom the site into the sedimentary column. Moreover, theanalyses of older lake sediment deposits indicated a clearsignature of radiogenic Pb (i. e. Pb from U ores) associated tosignificant 230Th activities, indicating the past transport of Udecay series-enriched particles. Overall, this study emphasizesthe high potential of multi-isotope tracing approaches fordocumenting the origin of geogenic radionuclides in the criticalzone. These results yield further mechanistic explanations for theobserved evolution of U concentration and speciation previouslyreported from mineralogical and spectroscopic analyses of theselake sediments
Revisiting the Youngest Toba Tuff Super-Eruption: A high-resolution cryptotephra perspective from the Andaman Sea
No full textInternational audienceAround 74,000 years ago, the largest known volcanic eruption of the Quaternary occurred at Toba volcano, in Sumatra, Indonesia: the Youngest Toba Tuff super-eruption (YTT). Its widespread ash deposits have long been used as chronostratigraphic markers in paleoenvironmental and archaeological studies. However, new evidence challenges the conventional view of the YTT as a single, short-lived cataclysmic event. Analysis of volcanic deposits from marine core BAR94–25, drilled off the northern coast of Sumatra, reveals that volcanic activity at Toba continued for a long period of at least ∼50 kyr (∼101 to ∼49 ka). Using high-resolution cryptotephra stratigraphy, textural observations, and in-situ geochemical analyses (EPMA, LA-ICP-MS), three distinct Volcanic Activity Phases (VAP1–VAP3) were identified: (i) VAP1 (∼101 to ∼79 ka) representing pre-YTT activity, (ii) VAP2 (∼75 to ∼65 ka) corresponding to the YTT phase, including multiple eruptions over ∼10 kyr (YTTs), and (iii) VAP3 (64 to ∼49 ka) marking post-YTT explosive activity associated with caldera resurgence. Each phase produced highly evolved rhyolitic magmas characteristic of Toba, with distinct geochemical signatures (e.g. U/Th, Hf/Ta, Zr/Nb) indicating slight variations in late-stage differentiation from a common magmatic source. The YTT eruptions were fed by at least four compositionally distinct magma reservoirs, identified through Ba/Y and Sr/Y ratios of glass compositions, which were erupted simultaneously but in varying proportions throughout VAP2, rather than during a single event. This study highlights the need to reassess tephrostratigraphic correlations and the dating of sedimentary archives that rely on the traditional ∼74 ka YTT isochron
Perceived disabling physical pain and suicidal ideation in aging people living with HIV cured of hepatitis C: A multi‐center survey in France (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH)
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Suicidal ideation (SI) is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PWH) and those with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Individuals with long‐term HIV–HCV co‐infection face specific health challenges, including heightened physical pain. We aimed to assess whether disabling physical pain is associated with SI in aging PWH who have been cured of HCV, after controlling for potential correlates or confounders such as depression and psychoactive substance use. Methods We analysed data from HCV‐cured PWH who participated in a multi‐center cross‐sectional survey embedded within the French ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort. We performed a multivariable logistic regression model with SI (score >0 for the ninth item of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9) as the outcome. Disabling physical pain was assessed using an answer ≥'very much' to the third item from the WHOQOL‐HIV BREF questionnaire. Results Study population comprised 396 HCV‐cured PWH (73.2% male), among whom 17.7% reported SI and 11.9% reported disabling physical pain. Participants reporting disabling physical pain had a three‐fold higher risk of SI (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 3.07 [1.29–7.34]), after adjustment for depression (5.52 [2.66–11.43]), substance use, and lower social relationships‐related quality of life (0.72 [0.64–0.80]). Conclusions These findings highlight that disabling physical pain should be systematically addressed among PWH cured of HCV, given its independent association with SI. Routine HIV follow‐up care should integrate systematic screening for pain, mental health problems, and lack of social support. Timely referral to specialized services may help prevent future suicidal behaviours in this population
Association between return-to-work trajectories and depressive symptoms in long-term breast cancer survivors: results from the French CONSTANCES cohort
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: Depressive symptoms (DS) are common in patients with breast cancer (BC). Our aim was to assess the association between return-to-work (RTW) trajectories and DS in long-term BC survivors (BCS) (≥ 5 years after diagnosis) in France.Methods: The French population-based CONSTANCES cohort was linked to the national retirement insurance (CNAV) and national health insurance system (SNDS) databases. RTW trajectories were identified and categorized using the sequence analysis method and clustering. DS were assessed with the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. The association between RTW trajectories and DS was analyzed with adjusted logistic regressions and statistical analyses were stratified according to the time from BC diagnosis to CES-D completion (i.e. < 5 or ≥ 5 years after BC diagnosis).Results: DS (CES-D score > 20) was observed in 22.7% in the < 5 years CES-D group and 20.2% in the ≥ 5 years CES-D group. Three RTW trajectory patterns were identified: sustainable RTW (n = 203), unemployment and work transitions (n = 138), and disability worker status (n = 83). Compared with the sustainable RTW group, DS risk was higher in the disability worker status group (< 5 years post-diagnosis: OR [95% CI]: 3.22 [1.46;7.17] and ≥ 5 years post-diagnosis: 3.88 [1.13; 14.1]) and in the unemployment and work transitions group (< 5 years post-diagnosis: OR [95% CI]: 1.68 [0.81; 3.49], not significant). In this group, risk decreased after 5 years (OR [95% CI]: 0.19 [0.03; 0.88]).Conclusion: Returning to work or pursuing new professional opportunities after BC may reduce the risk of long-term DS.Implications for cancer survivors: DS may persist for an extended period after BC diagnosis. Engaging in sustainable RTW and exploring new professional opportunities contribute to supporting long-term psychological well-being and reduce the risk of persistent depressive symptoms in BCS
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Modélisation macroscopique multiphysique d’un stack de pile à combustible à oxyde solide (SOFC)
No full textInternational audienceLes piles à combustible (PAC) constituent une technologie de conversion électrochimique prometteuse pour une production d’énergie décarbonée et efficace. La pile à combustible à oxyde solide (SOFC) est une technologie de pile qui fonctionne à haute température et qui allie rendement élevé et flexibilité vis-à-vis des carburants. Dans ce cadre s’inscrit la thèse menée au sein du projet FLEXISOC (PEPR H₂), en collaboration entre les laboratoires FEMSTO-ST à Belfort et LAPLACE à Toulouse. Elle porte sur la modélisation macroscopique multiphysique du stack SOFC et de son système, fonctionnant en hydrogène pur et en mélanges gazeux (CH₄, H₂, CO₂, H₂O), afin de décrire les couplages thermiques, électriques et fluidiques, d’évaluer les performances selon les conditions opératoires (température, pression, etc.) et de prédire les potentielles dégradations.Le travail combine la simulation du modèle et sa validation expérimentale.La présentation introduira le projet et l’objectif global, puis détaillera l’architecture du modèle multiphysique du stack, et montrera ensuite les premiers résultats de simulation obtenus. Enfin, elle précisera que les essais complémentaires sur le stack et son système ainsi que la validation expérimentale des modèles constitueront les perspectives de ce travail
Comment les manquements à l’intégrité scientifique sont-ils sanctionnés ?
No full textAnalyse de la façon dont les manquements à l’IS font (ou non) l’objet de sanctions disciplinaires dans les universités. Matériau : la totalité des décisions du CNESER de 1991 à 2023