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Internal variability effect doped by climate change drove the 2023 marine heat extreme in the North Atlantic
No full textInternational audienceThe year 2023 shattered numerous heat records both globally and regionally. We here focus on the drivers of the unprecedented warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies which started in the North Atlantic Ocean in early summer and persisted later on. Evidence is provided that 2023 should be interpreted as an extreme event in a warmer world because of superimposed internal variability on top of human forcing, which altogether, made the 2023 event all-time high due to extreme air-sea surface fluxes in the subtropics and eastern basin. The effect of internal variability has been considerably boosted by the long-term ocean stratification increase due to combined anthropogenically-driven ocean warming and multidecadal variability. The 2023 event would have been impossible to occur without anthropogenically-driven climate change but at the current warmer background climate state, it is assessed as a decadal-type event when considering the full North Atlantic ocean and a centennial event in the subtropics and eastern basin. Considering the regional distribution of anomalies is crucial for risk assessment in a warming climate
Geomagnetic moment variation over the last 4.4 Million years through high resolution paleointensity and 10Be production records along ocean sediment sequences
No full textInternational audienceBeryllium-10 measurements along the northern Pacific sediment core collected from ODP site 1021 covering the interval 1.2–4.4 Millions of years (Ma) have been combined with previously published records of the last 1.2 Ma, in order to build the first 10Be/9Be (Be-ratio) record over the past 4.4 Ma. This new proxy-record of the dipole moment variation is compared with relative paleointensity (RPI) stacks. Together with the recent GTS timescale and δ18O composite curves, these records allow to compare and discuss the timings of field intensity and climatic changes over the last 5 Ma. We observe that in the last 3.2 Ma, i.e. the most precisely dated time interval, 8 over 9 reversals occurred near the culmination of interstadial or interglacial stages. The age models uncertainties as well as the eventual biases affecting the proxies series are analyzed, but their implication in this striking coincidence can reasonably be discarded. The possible influence of the obliquity on the geomagnetic field as well as the influence of the geomagnetic field on the climate are discussed in the light of former studies. Both hypotheses remain unanswered and controversial
AI in clinical decision-making: ChatGPT-4 vs. Llama2 for otolaryngology cases
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Social and individual factors mediate chimpanzee vocal ontogeny
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Human language develops in social interactions. In other ape species, the role of social learning in vocal ontogeny can be typically underappreciated, mainly because it has received little empirical attention. Here, we examine the development of pant hoot vocalisations during vocal exchanges in immature wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) of the Sonso community of the Budongo Forest, Uganda. We investigated how maternal gregariousness, age, sex, and social context are associated with behavioural and vocal responses to other group members' calls. We show that the older sons of gregarious mothers are more likely to orient their attention, respond vocally to the calls of others, and are overall more exposed to others' calls compared to other immature individuals. This effect is strongest in the presence of adult males and when their mothers also respond vocally, suggesting that chimpanzee vocal development is enhanced by social and vocal exposure. Our findings are consistent with a more flexible and socially mediated chimpanzee vocal ontogeny than previously assumed and show some parallels with animal vocal learners and children language acquisition
How we could use critical care echocardiography in the assessment of and management of cardiovascular phenotypes in septic shock: the good, the bad, and the ugly profiles
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Heterogeneous Earth’s mantle drilled at an embryonic ocean
No full textInternational audienceMantle processes control plate tectonics and exert an influence on biogeochemical cycles. However, the proportion of mantle sampled in-situ is minimal, as it is buried beneath igneous crust and sediments. Here we report the lithological characteristics of two mantle sections from an embryonic ocean drilled by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Contrary to the mantle drilled at Mid Ocean Ridges (MORs) and hyperextended passive margins, our findings reveal exceptionally heterogeneous and fertile mantle lithologies, ranging from fertile lherzolites to depleted harzburgites and dunites, interlayered with pyroxenites. Plagioclase- and clinopyroxene-rich layers, hydrous potassic magmatic veins, and mafic intrusions indicate substantial mantle refertilization and delayed inception of magmatic crust. We propose that magma-poor rifts do not require a chemically depleted mantle, too refractory to melt. Deep lithospheric processes such as mantle refertilization and prolonged lithospheric thinning delayed melt focusing and the formation of a steady-state spreading center
La reconnaissance de la possibilité pour le concurrent d'une entreprise ayant violé une disposition du RGPD d'agir à l'encontre de cette dernière sur le fondement de la concurrence déloyale
No full textInternational audience(CJUE, gr. ch., 4 oct. 2024, aff. C-21/23, ND c/ DR, D. 2024. 1777 ; ibid. 2115, point de vue F. Megerlin et E. Pinilla ; Dalloz IP/IT 2025. 112, obs. V. Younès-Fellous ; CCC 2025. Comm. 7, H. Aubry ; JCP E 2025, no 12, 1086, obs. A. Ballot-Lena, no 54
Public knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward genetically modified foodsin Lebanon
No full textInternational audienceGenetically modified foods (GMFs) have garnered significant attention due to their implications forhealth, agriculture, and food security. Understanding knowledge and perceptions of GMFs isessential, as these factors influence acceptance and attitudes. This study, the first of its kind inLebanon, aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding GMFs and toexplore their association with socio-demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study wasconducted with 1,001 participants who completed a 50-item questionnaire, followed by a 15-minute educational session on GMFs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Prior to theeducational session, participants had an average knowledge score of 60.3 ± 17.4%, which signifi-cantly increased to 83.0 ± 15.8% afterward. Attitude and perception scores improved from anaverage of 30.3 ± 25.1% pre-intervention to 38.9 ± 12.4% post-intervention. Females demonstratedsignificantly higher knowledge scores, and educational attainment was positively correlated withknowledge levels both pre- and post-intervention. Younger participants and those in health-related fields scored higher before the intervention, while unemployed individuals scored lower.Additionally, higher educational levels and health-related educational backgrounds were linked tobetter attitudes and perceptions pre-intervention, while unemployment correlated with lowerscores. Interestingly, multivariate regression analysis indicated that being under 35 years of age,having a health-related educational background, and holding a university degree were predictorsof higher GMF knowledge. Consequently, individuals with initially lower knowledge level benefitedthe most from the educational intervention, exhibiting the greatest knowledge increases post-education. Our findings underscore the importance of targeted educational initiatives to bridgeknowledge gaps and address misconceptions regarding GMFs
Perspectives nouvelles sur John Williams (1) : Héritages et postérités
No full textThe present issue of Émergences originates from an international conference held at Université Évry Paris-Saclay in December 2022, the results of which will appear in two complementary thematic issues of this journal in the course of 2025. Reflecting the latest developments in Williamsian studies, the aim, on the one hand, is to shed light on underexplored aspects of Williams’s work whilst on the other, to reconsider some of his works and their distinctive stylistic features through renewed approaches that offer fresh perspectives. This first, multidisciplinary volume brings together contributions from both emerging and established scholars in the fields of musicology and film studies. Collectively, they examine questions relating to Williams’s engagement with the past as well as the enduring legacy of his corpus, thereby moving beyond the divisive notions of plagiarism, paraphrase, and originality (Orosz 2015). The first four contributors explore how Williams draws from diverse musical traditions in order to enrich his own compositional practice. Among others, this entails borrowings, pastiches, references to Western art music and key figures in film music (such as James Bernard or Bernard Herrmann), or even self-referential gestures toward his earlier works in a nostalgic turn. In the final four articles, the focus is instead on defining and interrogating John Williams’s legacy, particularly his aesthetic and stylistic influence on major intergalactic audiovisual epics in both American and French productions.Le présent numéro puise sa source dans le colloque international tenu à l’Université Évry Paris-Saclay en décembre 2022, qui donnera lieu à deux numéros thématiques complémentaires d’Émergences dans l’année 2025 prenant la mesure des récentes études williamsiennes. Il s’agit d’une part, d’éclairer un certain nombre de pans de la production de Williams laissés dans l’ombre dans la littérature existante, et d’autre part, de reconsidérer plusieurs œuvres du corpus ou des traits stylistiques caractéristiques, en mobilisant des approches renouvelées qui les éclairent sous un jour inédit. Le premier dossier, pluridisciplinaire, accueille les articles de chercheuses et chercheurs jeunes comme confirmés, issus de la musicologie et des études cinématographiques. Ensemble, ils explorent les questions du rapport au passé et de la postérité du corpus williamsien, dépassant les notions clivantes de plagiat, de paraphrase, et d’originalité (Orosz 2015). Via différents prismes, les quatre premiers contributeurs analysent tout d’abord comment Williams puise dans des traditions musicales variées pour enrichir sa propre pratique compositionnelle – emprunts, pastiches, clins d’œil à la production musicale « savante » et à des figures phares de la musique à l’image (comme James Bernard ou Bernard Herrmann), voire, dans un mouvement nostalgique, à sa propre production antérieure. Les quatre derniers articles proposent, quant à eux, d’interroger et de délimiter l’héritage de John Williams, son influence esthétique et stylistique dans plusieurs grandes épopées intergalactiques audiovisuelles, américaines et françaises
Une démocratie au travail est-elle possible ? Le droit d'expression directe et collective en pratiques
No full textInternational audienceAlors que le « dialogue professionnel » direct entre les travailleurs et travailleuses, leurs managers et la direction, est plébiscité par de nombreux acteurs du travail pour revigorer la participation dans les entreprises face à l'essoufflement du « dialogue social », ce numéro de Connaissance de l'emploi propose d'analyser cette démarche de démocratie directe au travail.À partir d'une enquête sociologique sur les entreprises qui ont choisi d'instaurer un droit d'expression directe et collective sur les conditions et l'organisation du travail, nous montrons les limites de ces expériences de démocratie directe qui restent le plus souvent à la main et au profit des managers et des directions. Identifier ces points de blocages nous permet de mettre au jour les conditions organisationnelles, relationnelles et individuelles requises pour qu'une démocratie directe au travail soit possible