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Specific focus on the basal dura for improving Cushing’s disease surgery: a cohort study
No full textInternational audienceBackground and objectives: In Cushing's disease, the rate of endocrine remission after surgery reaches 80% in expert centers. However, due to the tumor's capacity to invade surrounding dural structures, hypercortisolism persists in 20% of patients or recurs in 15%. To improve the likelihood of remission, tumor resection can be extended to the dura in patients who show basal dura invasion. The objective was to evaluate the benefit of a surgical strategy based on a systematic focus on the basal dura.Methods: Endoscopic surgery was performed in 89 adult patients with no obvious cavernous invasion. The basal dura was systematically removed whenever a macroscopic invasion was suspected. Three groups were defined: (i) resected but noninvaded dura (n = 14); (ii) resected and invaded dura (n = 16); and (iii) nonresected dura (n = 59). The studied cohort was compared to a control personal series of Cushing's patients with no systematic focus on the basal dura.Results: The mean follow-up duration was 19.9 ± 9.4 months. Endocrine remission was achieved in 15/16 (94%) patients with invaded dura, 14/15 (93%) patients with resected noninvaded dura and 50/59 (85%) patients with nonresected dura. Anterior pituitary deficits and diabetes insipidus occurred in 3% and 9% of patients respectively. Compared to the control series, our remission rate was significantly higher (88% vs. 75%, P =.019).Conclusion Tumorectomy extended to the basal dura is a safe procedure that maximizes surgical resection. Despite dura invasion, endocrine remission is high when the dura is removed. A systematic focus on the basal dura can optimize endocrine outcomes
Nanoscale Probing of the Organic Binder in Artists' Paint Layers: Organic Phases and Chemical Heterogeneity
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding paint structures at the nanoscopic level can address key questions related to artistic techniques, paint formulation, and long-term preservation of artworks. This involves examining spatial chemical complexity, the formation of molecular networks, and interactions between organic and inorganic constituents. Depending on the paint preparation methods, proteins and drying oils, the most common binders in traditional artistic practices, can be integrated to produce paints with diverse structures and nanoscale chemical intricacies. In this study, we utilize atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) to investigate the spatial chemical complexity and reaction pathways of organic species in artists' paints, including oil, tempera, and mixed-media tempera grassa. By analyzing these paints at the nanoscale, we established connections between their structural organization, chemistry, and formulation
Hydroxychloroquine use during the first COVID-19 wave: a case study highlighting the urgent need to enhance research practices within the publication ecosystem
No full textInternational audienceThe rapid dissemination of scientific findings through media and social networks can profoundly impact public health policies and behaviors. However, the reliability of such data is crucial, as evidenced by significant cases like the retracted study on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper examines the retraction of a widely publicized study by Pradelle et al., which concluded that HCQ was associated with an excess of 16,990 deaths during the pandemic's first wave. This finding was heavily influenced by a meta-analysis that did not robustly support its conclusions, particularly regarding the dose-response relationship of HCQ. Our analysis identified significant methodological flaws, including the misapplication of effect sizes and a lack of sensitivity analyses, rendering the study results unreliable. The retraction process, however, lacked transparency, failing to adequately describe in details the reasons for the study flaws to the public. This case underscores the broader challenges in scientific publishing, including the robustness of the peer-review process, the rise of fraudulent practices, and the erosion of trust in scientific institutions. We advocate for reforms to enhance transparency, improve data verification, and incentivize thorough peer review to maintain public trust and ensure the accuracy of scientific literature
Health literacy among individuals with type 2 diabetes in France: greater social inequalities among women; the Entred 3 study
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this study was to describe and explore the health literacy in people living with type 2 diabetes in mainland France and its association with socioeconomic factors. ENTRED 3 is a nationally representative French diabetes population-based survey conducted in 2019. Health literacy was measured using two scales from the Health Literacy Questionnaire: ability to actively engage with healthcare providers (HLQ6) and sufficient understanding of health information to know what to do (HLQ9). Gender-stratified analyses and multivariate linear regressions were conducted to study health literacy according to education level and country of birth, adjusting for age and antidiabetic treatment. These analyses were weighted to account for the study's complex sampling design and non-response bias. Two thousand seven hundred fourteen people living with type 2 diabetes responded to the ENTRED 3 questionnaire. The mean scores for respectively HLQ6 and HLQ9 were significantly higher among men (4.03 (sd 0.02); 4.16 (sd 0.03)) than among women (3.87 (sd 0.01); 3.98 (sd 0.05)). At comparable age and antidiabetic treatment: i) education level were positively associated with HLQ6 and HLQ9 among men; ii) women born in North Africa had lower HLQ6 and faced more pronounced educational inequalities with regards to HLQ9 than women born in France. This study provides a reference for health literacy in persons living with type 2 diabetes in France and identifies a link between health literacy and socioeconomic factors. Its results represent a significant step in the understanding of the mechanisms of social inequalities in health in France
Water production rates from SOHO/SWAN observations of Comets C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS) and C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
No full textInternational audienceIn 2022 and 2023 the hydrogen comae of two long period comets, C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS) and C/2022 E3 (ZTF), were observed with the Solar Wind ANisotropies (SWAN) all-sky hydrogen Lyman-alpha camera on the SOlar and Heliosphere Observer (SOHO) satellite. SWAN obtains nearly daily full-sky images of the hydrogen Lyman-alpha distribution of the interstellar hydrogen as it passes through the solar system yielding information about the solar wind and solar ultraviolet fluxes that eat away at it by ionization and charge exchange. The hydrogen comae of comets, when of sufficient brightness, are also observed. Water production rates have been calculated over time for each of these comets, covering about 6 months mostly of the post-perihelion period of C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS) and about 3 months around perihelion of C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
« À 18 ans, tout change et rien ne change ». Inégalités entre jeunes dans les prisons françaises lors du passage à l'âge adulte
No full textInternational audienceThis article is based on a sociological study that involved over a hundred individual interviews, three group interviews with inmates aged 14 to 24 at youth and adult detention facilities in France, and observations of daily interactions at such facilities. It explores how young offenders experience the transition to legal adulthood, with a focus on the move from youth facilities to adult ones. Drawing on both the sociology of age relations and the sociology of prisons, the analysis aims to understand the challenges faced by these young people as they transition to adulthood—a topic that has received relatively little attention in recent years, in contrast to the extensive literature on young people in the child welfare system. First, we discuss the pivotal moment when young offenders are required to leave juvenile facilities upon turning 18. Then, we highlight the absence of professional guidance for navigating this transition. Instead, the young people concerned tend to rely on resources that predate their incarceration, especially information on adult facilities gleaned from social media. This leads to knowledge disparities about the differences between youth and adult detention facilities. Young women, foreigners who arrived in France as unaccompanied minors, and those with relatively little education tend to find themselves most isolated and dependent on correctional services as they experience the transition to adulthood behind bars.À partir d'une enquête sociologique s'appuyant sur plus d'une centaine d'entretiens individuels, de trois entretiens collectifs auprès de jeunes détenus âgés de 14 à 24 ans dans des prisons pour mineurs et pour adultes en France et d'observations d'interactions quotidiennes dans les lieux de détention, cet article appréhende le passage à la majorité civile vécu par les jeunes, en se centrant sur le moment du transfert de la prison pour mineurs à la détention adulte. Croisant une sociologie des rapports sociaux d'âge et une sociologie de la prison, il s'agit de saisir les enjeux de la transition vers la vie adulte de ces jeunes, très peu documentés au regard des jeunes de l'Aide sociale à l'enfance ces dernières années. Après la description de ce moment de bascule à 18 ans quand ils doivent quitter les lieux, nous montrerons qu'en l'absence de préparation de ce passage par les professionnels entourant les jeunes, ces derniers mobilisent leurs capitaux précarcéraux et notamment les connaissances de la prison pour adultes de leur entourage pour faciliter ce changement dans le régime de détention. Cette différence de connaissances sur les changements de prise en charge en détention adulte amène de fortes inégalités entre jeunes, les jeunes femmes et les jeunes étrangers qui sont arrivés mineurs en France sans leurs parents et ceux les moins dotés en capitaux scolaires étant les plus isolés et les plus dépendants de l'institution carcérale dans ce passage à la vie adulte en prison
Correction: Health literacy among individuals with type 2 diabetes in France: greater social inequalities among women; the Entred 3 study
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The Impact of Travel Distance on Cancer Stage at Diagnosis for Cancer: A Systematic Review
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Geographic access to healthcare services can impact cancer outcomes. This paper reviews and updates the current evidence and gaps in the literature on the associations between travel distance and cancer stage. Methods: A search of electronic databases (PubMed, SpringerLink, and Science Direct) was conducted to identify studies published between 2015 and 2025. Studies examining the association between travel distance and cancer stage at diagnosis were included in this article. Results: From 19,197 studies, 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. In summary, four articles reported significant associations between travel distance/time and cancer stage, while six other articles did not report any association. Significant associations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast, studies from Scotland, Canada, and the United States did not show significant relationships, while results from Japan varied, with papers showing either no significant impact of travel distance or indicating a correlation with advanced stages. Conclusion: This study suggests that longer travel distance is associated with advanced cancer stage in countries with healthcare access challenges and highlights the importance of healthcare accessibility in improving early cancer detection
Mourir pendant la guerre du Vietnam : rites, deuils et filiations
No full textInternational audienceThis study explores the rituals, mourning practices, and generational transmission of experiences related to the Vietnam War – or the war against the United States – focusing on the socio-historical and cultural context of Vietnam. Drawing on qualitative research in psychology, including fieldwork observations and semi-structured interviews with war survivors and their descendants, the study employs a theoretical framework combining psychoanalysis, complementarism, and transcultural psychology. Key findings highlight the role of ancestor worship and domestic altars as transitional spaces between the living and the dead, as well as the challenges posed by the absence of bodies due to war. The research also examines the dichotomy between state-led commemorations, which glorify war martyrs and reinforce national identity, and marginal practices such as soul-calling rituals and possession ceremonies, which address unresolved familial and collective grief. The study underscores the tension between official heroic narratives and individual suffering, raising questions about the ownership of the dead—whether they belong to their families or the national pantheon. Ultimately, this work sheds light on the interplay between collective and individual memories in post-war Vietnam, revealing a "memory of forgetting" shaped by silence and unspoken trauma.Cette étude explore les rites, les pratiques de deuil et la transmission générationnelle des expériences liées à la guerre du Vietnam – ou guerre contre les États-Unis – en se concentrant sur le contexte socio-historique et culturel du Vietnam. S'appuyant sur une recherche qualitative en psychologie, comprenant des observations sur le terrain et des entretiens semi-structurés avec des survivants de la guerre et leurs descendants, l'étude utilise un cadre théorique combinant la psychanalyse, le complémentarisme et la psychologie transculturelle. Les principaux résultats mettent en évidence le rôle du culte des ancêtres et des autels en tant qu'espaces de transition entre les vivants et les morts, ainsi que les défis posés par l'absence de corps due à la guerre. La recherche examine également la dichotomie entre les commémorations organisées par l'État, qui glorifient les martyrs de guerre et renforcent l'identité nationale, et les pratiques marginales telles que les rituels d'appel des âmes et les cérémonies de possession, qui traitent les deuils familiaux et collectifs non résolus. L'étude souligne la tension entre les récits héroïques officiels et la souffrance individuelle, soulevant des questions sur l'appartenance des morts – qu'ils appartiennent à leur famille ou au panthéon national. Finalement, ce travail met en lumière l'interaction entre les mémoires collective et individuelle dans le Vietnam d'après-guerre, révélant une « mémoire de l'oubli » façonnée par le silence et le non-dit des traumatismes
Extension du domaine du risque à Madagascar : ce qu'en disent les habitants de l'Androy
No full textLes stratégies des populations face aux chocs révèlent les enjeux qu'il leur semble important de préserver. Afin de saisir les représentations sociales qui y sont associées, cette étude réalisée dans le sud de Madagascar présente une analyse textuelle de discours, recueillis lors d'une enquête menée en 2019, portant sur les événements subis par les personnes interrogées et les réponses qu'elles y ont apportées. Dans cette région, où les crises alimentaires se répètent, l'accent mis sur les risques sociaux illustre les difficultés croissantes des populations à l'accomplissement de leurs obligations sociales, aboutissant à une extension des vulnérabilités