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Emergency Obstetric Care Access Deprivation Modelled Dataset in Harare, Zimbabwe
No full textInternational audienceProduced as part of the IDEAMAPS Data Ecosystem project, this dataset maps the degree of access deprivation to Emergency Obstetric Care. It is a spatial representation of how women of childbearing age (16-49 years) can reach, choose and receive obstetric care during an emergency. In particular, the model aims to depict how these access might impact women during the critical interpartum and delivery phases. These phases have been prioritised considering community priorities and the high levels of maternal mortality in the study areas
Meteorological and Air Quality Effects on Bioaerosol Detection Using WIBS-NEO and IBAC-2 in Dublin City
No full textInternational audienceThis study evaluates the performance of two real-time fluorescence-based bioaerosol sensors, the WIBS-NEO and IBAC-2, operating in urban Dublin, Ireland, and assesses the influence of different meteorological and pollution parameters on their outputs. This was done by comparing particle sensor data to meteorological variables and air quality metrics. Over the 41-day campaign, Urticaceae pollen and Cladosporium spores were the dominant bioaerosols recorded, comprising 78% and 66% of total pollen and fungal spore concentrations, respectively. Correlation analyses revealed several significant variables: fluorescent BC-type particles (>8 μm) detected by WIBS-NEO strongly correlated with pollen concentrations (r = 0.84 after excluding high-wind days). For fungal spores, PM10 and grass minimum temperature were the most significant parameters related to variability. Anthropogenic pollutants, particularly NOX and combustion-related aerosols, were found to correlate with fluorescence signals, especially for smaller particles (<2 μm), underscoring urban detection challenges. Wind trajectory analysis identified the likely source of Urticaceae pollen as northerly green spaces (e.g., Phoenix Park), while Cladosporium spores showed multidirectional transport. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis achieved strong correlation (R2 = 0.82 for pollen, 0.78 for fungal spores), highlighting the value of incorporating multiple environmental variables to investigate the complex relationships between urban environmental conditions and bioaerosol sensor outputs. Both instruments exhibited operational limitations under the study conditions. The WIBS-NEO outperformed the IBAC-2 in biological discrimination due to its multi-channel single particle fluorescence capabilities. However, operational limitations emerged during higher wind speeds, comparable to moderate breezes (>16.6 km/h), which affected sampling comparability when compared with traditional methods. This study investigates how meteorological conditions and air quality influence bioaerosol detection in an urban environment. The use of MLR techniques to examine the complex relationships between environmental variables and fluorescent sensor outputs may help inform future bioaerosol modelling efforts
Interactions between genetic predisposition to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk, and food or beverage intake for incident type 2 diabetes: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) InterAct case–cohort study
No full textInternational audienceGenetic susceptibility to high-risk metabolic traits did not modify the diet-T2D associations in European populations. Acknowledging the limitations of current PRS-based methods to detect gene-diet interactions, research should continue into the potential for precision nutrition and tailored food-based dietary guidance for T2D prevention
Evaluation of 6‐Month Knowledge Retention and Satisfaction After Pedagogical Escape Games in Dentistry
No full textInternational audiencePurpose To evaluate 6‐month knowledge retention and long‐term satisfaction after two pedagogical escape games (PEGs) addressing foundational (3D printing) and clinical (pediatric dentistry) content in a dental curriculum. Methods In this monocentric serial cross‐sectional study, immediate post‑PEG knowledge was assessed in fifth‑year dental students using two 16‑item true/false tests on 3D printing and pediatric dentistry ( n = 176 and n = 190, respectively). Delayed knowledge was assessed 6 months later using the same tests in independent cohorts of sixth‑year students who had previously completed the same PEGs ( n = 106 and n = 116). A five‑item Likert‑scale questionnaire completed by sixth‑year students ( n = 127) captured long‑term satisfaction and perceived educational value. Between‐cohort comparisons used Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests. Results Knowledge scores declined for 3D printing (13.83 ± 2.19 vs. 12.13 ± 1.89/16, p < 0.05) and remained stable for pediatric dentistry (13.23 ± 1.61 vs. 12.92 ± 1.54/16, p > 0.05). Losses in 3D‑printing knowledge were concentrated on conceptual and procedural items. Delayed satisfaction remained high, with strong lasting impressions of the PEGs, perceived learning benefits, improved perception of the disciplines, and a clear desire for more PEGs in the curriculum. Conclusion Six‑month knowledge retention differed by domain, likely reflecting routine clinical reinforcement for pediatric dentistry and lack of downstream rehearsal for 3D printing. Embedding brief spaced refreshers for foundational topics and relying on clinical exposure for consolidation of clinical content may help sustain learning over time. Findings support integration of PEGs with follow‐up
Polymerized tungstate-molybdenum sulfide electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction under acidic conditions
No full textInternational audiencePolyoxometalate-based electrocatalysts represent a promising class of earth-abundant electrocatalysts for hydrogen production; however, their large-scale synthesis remains challenging due to the multi-step procedures
Sociodemographic and maternal-related correlates of children's movement behaviours from preschool to adolescence in Singapore: a longitudinal cohort study
No full textInternational audienceObjectives Current evidence is unclear due to methodological limitations. We bridge critical knowledge gaps by quantifying the longitudinal changes in movement behaviours and their correlates from early childhood through adolescence. Design Longitudinal observational cohort study. Setting General healthy child and adolescent sample in Singapore. Participants Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes study participants. Primary and secondary outcome measures We used wrist-worn accelerometry and proxy-reported data to examine movement behaviours (sleep, inactivity, light physical activity (PA; LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and screen-viewing) at ages 5.5, 8, 10 and 12 years and the sociodemographic and maternal lifestyle-related correlates using linear regression models with generalised estimating equations. Results Among 837 children, sleep, LPA and MVPA declined by 3% (from 9.1 to 8.8 hours/day), 24% (from 5.8 to 4.4 hours/day) and 44% (from 71.3 to 40.1 min/day), respectively, while inactivity and screen viewing increased by 26% (from 8.0 to 10.1 hours/day) and 155% (from 1.8 to 4.6 hours/day), respectively, from ages 5.5 to 12 years. The greatest annual increase in inactivity (0.6 hour/annum) and screen-viewing (0.8 hour/annum) and decrease in LPA (0.3 hour/annum) and MVPA (10.4 min/annum) occurred from ages 8 to 10 years. Girls of Malay ethnicity and lower socioeconomic status, and whose mothers had less favourable movement behaviours, had significantly less sleep, higher inactivity and screen-viewing and/or lower PA. Maternal PA levels and/or sitting time were associated with children's sleep, inactivity and MVPA up to age 8 years, while maternal sitting and screen-viewing behaviours were associated with children's screen-viewing at all ages. Conclusions Using contemporaneous datasets relevant to the present day, we confirmed that children become less physically active and have longer screen-viewing as they transition into adolescence and highlighted characteristics to be prioritised in future interventions
Prucalopride, a serotonin type 4 receptor agonist, induces fast anxiolytic/antidepressant effects and concomitant changes in the gut microbiota
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) affects around 20% of people globally and is often comorbid with anxiety. This study investigates prucalopride, a serotonin type 4 receptor (5-HT 4 R) agonist approved for constipation, as a fast-acting anxiolytic/antidepressant using a mouse model of stress, based on corticosterone (CORT) administration. Behavioral effects of prucalopride (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg/day) were compared to fluoxetine, a common SSRI, over 7 (subchronic) and 28 (chronic) days. Prucalopride showed faster and more significant improvements in emotionality scores than fluoxetine, reversing CORT-induced behavioral changes within 7 days. Gut microbiota analysis revealed CORT-induced changes at the subchronic timepoint. While chronic prucalopride did not alter microbial alpha diversity, it significantly shifted microbial composition (beta-diversity). Notably, prucalopride restored levels of the genus Ruminococcus, which were depleted by CORT. Our findings highlight prucalopride's rapid anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects and its impact on gut microbiota, supporting the potential of 5-HT 4 R-targeting molecules as therapeutic options for psychiatric disorders
Oxygen in diamond: Thermal stability of ST1 spin centres and creation of oxygen-pair complexes
No full textInternational audienc
Demonstrating Aeolus capability to observewind-cloud interactions
No full textInternational audienceModel based studies have shown interactions between wind vertical profiles and cloudiness, but fewobservational studies corroborate them. The unique observations of Aeolus spaceborne Doppler wind lidar cancontribute to fill this gap. In this paper, we merged global Aeolus observations of cloud profiles at full horizontalresolution (3 km along orbit track) with co-located profiles of horizontal winds.We first observed wind-cloud interactions at regional scale over the Indian Ocean. Aeolus captures thestrengthening of the Tropical Easterly Jet in early June 2020, with wind speeds exceeding 40 m s−1 in its core,and a simultaneous increase of high cloud fraction up to above 30 %, until the decay of the jet during fall.Secondly, we observed wind-cloud interactions at cloud scale (between 3–100 km) in different regions. Overthe Indian Ocean as well as over cumulus and stratocumulus dominated regions, we found that the wind shearinside clouds is smaller than the wind shear in the clear sky surrounding the clouds (statistically significant). Inaddition, we found that the wind speed difference between the cloud and its surrounding clear sky increases withthe clear sky wind shear, especially in cumulus (R = −0.94) and stratocumulus (R = −0.87) dominated regions.This study demonstrated that despite its coarse resolution, Aeolus can capture wind perturbations induced byconvective motio
What We Can Learn From the Sensor-to-Plasma Coupling Resistance Measurements in the Earth Ionosphere
No full textInternational audienceMeasurements of electric potentials and currents in the Earth’s ionosphere are primarily influenced by the thermal plasma properties and the intensity of photoelectron emission from sunlit spacecraft surfaces. These measurements can be significantly affected by a plasma sheath that forms around the satellite to neutralize surface electric charging in contact with the ambient plasma. In the ionosphere, this sheath typically ranges from a few to several tens of centimeters in thickness and contains plasma that slightly differ from the surrounding undisturbed environment. Therefore, accurately characterizing the electrical properties of the sheath is essential for reliable data interpretation. In this study, we analyze ion plasma and electric field measurements taken at an altitude of 700 km by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) detection of electro-magnetic emissions transmitted from earthquake region (DEMETER) microsatellite. The data were collected during specific orbital passes when onboard instruments operated in calibration mode. During these sequences, electric currents were intentionally injected from the electric field sensors into the surrounding plasma, enabling estimation of the sensor-to-plasma coupling resistance across the sheath. Plasma parameters obtained by fitting the resistance–current curve with a standard orbital-motion-limited (OML) model are compared with those derived from the ion instrument on the same spacecraft. The dataset confirms the consistency of plasma measurements performed by the two instruments