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Les brumes de Titan : des grains organiques formés dans la haute atmosphère ionisée
No full textInternational audienceLe système climatique de la lune de Saturne, Titan, est gouverné par la production intense d'aérosols organiques dans sa haute atmosphère, sous l'effet de rayonnements UV et de particules énergétiques. Ce phénomène s'est aussi certainement produit sur Terre au moment de l'apparition de la vie, avant la Grande Oxygénation. Ces deux points motivent fortement les recherches sur les processus de formation et d'évolution des aérosols dans l'atmosphère de Titan
Data for "Atmospheric Methane Removal as a Third Climate Intervention: Termination Risks and Air Pollutant Effects"
No full textInternational audienceThis dataset contains codes, data, tables, and figures related to the following publication: Tanaka, K., W. Xiong, D. A. Hauglustaine, D. J. A. Johansson, N. Bauer, P. Bousquet, P. Ciais, R. de Richter, M. T. Lund, R. Skeie, E. Zusman (2026) Atmospheric Methane Removal as a Third Climate Intervention: Termination Risks and Air Pollutant Effects. Arxiv (preprint). 24 January 2026. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.1746
Nighttime Contrail Characterization from Multisource Lidar and Meteorological Observations
No full textInternational audienceThe present study provides a comprehensive nighttime contrail characterization combining Raman lidar, ADS-B flight data, and ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis over southern France. Observations of different case studies of contrail formation and development throughout their lifetimes provide valuable insights into the contrails’ morphological, microphysical, and optical properties, persistence, and dispersion. We present a multisource methodology to detect and characterize nighttime aircraft contrails over the Observatory of Haute-Provence (OHP) in France. The determination of contrail signatures was performed by applying sensitivity analyses by spatiotemporal thresholding and clustering for contrail detection. Optimizing the thresholds permits the improvement of contrail detection and the reduction of unnecessary noise. The optimal combination of these thresholds, which best reduces false positives and negatives, was SR = 2.1, time = 7.2 min, and altitude = 0.3 km. Subsequent merging of the spots produces persistent contrail signatures at altitudes of 8.7–10.3 km, with thicknesses of 0.1–1.1 km, widths of 2–2.8 km, and optical depths of 0.05–0.40. Contrail optical depth correlates significantly with geometrical thickness and width, which highlights the interplay between contrail morphology and ambient thermodynamic conditions. Our methodology demonstrates the value of combining lidar and flight data for contrail characterization using lidar measurements, flight data, and meteorological information
Loi applicable au contrat de travail d'un chauffeur routier : de l'art de couper les cheveux en quatre
No full textInternational audience(à propos de l'arrêt CJUE 11 déc. 2025, aff. C-485/24, Locatrans
Voice of Mummified King Henri IV Recreated via 3D Functional Vocal Tract Model
No full textInternational audienceObjectiveHuman voice arises from the glottal source being shaped and modified by the resonances of the vocal tract (VT). Reconstructing this interaction from mummified or surgically altered anatomy poses a significant challenge. In this study, we aimed to recreate the phonatory potential of King Henri IV of France (1553-1610) through a functional three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of his preserved head and neck, providing insights into vowel production in altered vocal anatomy.MethodsThe embalmed head and neck of King Henri IV provided a unique opportunity to model historical phonation. Using high-resolution computed tomography imaging, all craniofacial and cervical structures were manually segmented in ITK-SNAP 4.0 by two independent operators following validated protocols. Mesh refinement was performed in Mesh Mixer® without altering anatomical integrity. Digital reconstruction and anatomical repositioning (including mandibular closure, vertebral alignment, and articulation correction) were achieved in Fusion 360® and reviewed by a multidisciplinary panel. Acoustic simulations were conducted on both digital and 3D-printed models to assess vowel-like sound production.ResultsThe physical reconstruction of King Henri IV’s head and VT enabled the generation of distinct vowel-like sounds. Initial digital simulations produced vowels comparable to /u/ (F1 = 446 Hz, F2 = 1055 Hz, F3 = 2360 Hz), /a/ (F1 = 582 Hz, F2 = 1556 Hz, F3 = 2557 Hz), /i/ (F1 = 340 Hz, F2 = 2144 Hz, F3 = 2841 Hz), and /œ/ (F1 = 540 Hz, F2 = 1530 Hz, F3 = 2545). The 3D-printed model reproduced /a/ (F1 = 588 Hz, F2 = 1109 Hz, F3 = 2585 Hz) and /u/ (F1 = 427 Hz, F2 = 880 Hz, F3 = 2452 Hz) with realistic resonance patterns producing a comparative vowel chart.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that combining advanced imaging, digital modeling, and 3D printing can restore plausible phonatory behavior from preserved or altered anatomy. Such interdisciplinary methodology has potential translational applications in phonatory modeling, surgical voice rehabilitation, and laryngeal function research
Large-scale meta-analysis and precision functional assays identify FANCM regions in which PTVs confer different risks for ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer
No full textInternational audienceThe breast cancer risk conferred by germline protein truncating variants (PTVs) in known and putative breast cancer genes has been extensively investigated. However, the effect of FANCM PTVs on breast cancer risk remains unclear. Our previous clinical, genetic and functional results on the N-terminal p.Arg658∗ and the two C-terminal p.Gln1701∗ and p.Gly1906Alafs∗12 variants suggested that FANCM PTVs may confer different risks for ER-negative (ER-neg) and triple-negative (TN) breast cancer subtypes. Here, we performed meta-analyses of seven studies totaling 144 681 breast cancer cases and 123 632 controls. FANCM PTVs were tested for association with breast cancer risk overall and the disease clinical subtypes by single variant and burden analyses. Two CRISPR-Cas9-based functional assays were also conducted to test the fitness of cells after knock-in of the p.Arg658∗, p.Gln1701∗ and p.Gly1906Alafs∗12 PTVs and the sensitivity of different FANCM regions to genome editing. Our results suggest that the N-terminal FANCM region upstream of p.Tyr725 harbors essential functions, whereas downstream regions appear dispensable. This is supported by our genetic data which indicate that all FANCM PTVs, excluding the two C-terminal p.Gln1701∗ and p.Gly1906Alafs∗12, are associated with an increased risk of ER-neg (OR = 1.41, P = 0.023) and TN (OR = 1.64, P = 0.0023). Notably, PTVs upstream of AA position 670 are associated with a moderate risk of developing TN breast cancer, and that even when the p.Arg658∗ carriers were excluded from the analysis. Importantly, our results confirm previous data indicating that p.Arg658∗ carriers are at moderate risk of developing ER-neg (OR = 2.08, P = 0.030) and TN (OR = 3.26; P = 0.0034), whereas carriers of p.Gln1701∗ and p.Gly1906Alafs∗12 should not be considered at increased risk. Our data are useful for counseling carriers of FANCM PTVs, but further analyses are warranted to obtain more precise risk estimates
Photophysics of cu-loaded MIL-125(Ti)-NH₂: Unravelling the role of cu oxidation states through time-resolved spectroscopy and density functional theory
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Atmospheric specifications for infrasound studies: 2. the added value of a high-top model, UA-ICON
No full textInternational audienceInfrasound monitoring activities that deal with long-range acoustic propagation, as within the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty’s (CTBT), need accurate and operational modeling of the atmosphere up to the lower thermosphere. Yet, operational meteorological products issued by weather services are topped at around 80 km altitude with a sponge layer starting in the stratosphere. This prevents reliable simulation of atmospheric dynamics where infrasound waveguides form. Hence, investigating higher-top atmospheric models enabling simulations at typical operational horizontal resolutions ( km) are of high interest to improve the description of the propagation medium, which is needed to localize and characterizes acoustic sources of interest. The extension of the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model to the upper-Atmosphere, UA-ICON with a model-top of 150km, is run at the ICON operational horizontal resolution. Simulations are compared with lidar observations at three different sites and with operational analyses. We demonstrate the better performance of the UA-ICON simulations compared to operational models in the mesosphere, especially for the temperature field while it is less clear for the winds. This is achieved by tuning the non-orographic gravity wave (GW) parameterization coefficient that drives the saturation and breaking of the waves. Additionally, infrasound propagation simulations are performed using UA-ICON atmospheric specifications. For the two case-studies, one at high latitudes and one in tropical regions, we demonstrate the added value of the UA-ICON with a tuned GW parameterization, while also illustrating how infrasound can contribute to model validation and tuning in the upper-atmosphere
The longitudinal association between anticholinergic burden and cognitive‐functional decline among older adults
No full textInternational audienceAims Long‐term use of medications with anticholinergic properties has been associated with cognitive and functional decline among older adults, yet these measures are typically assessed in isolation—potentially overlooking their interrelated nature. This study investigated the longitudinal association between anticholinergic burden and integrated cognitive‐functional measures in older adults. Methods Participants were drawn from S.AGES (France, 2009–2012). The total daily anticholinergic burden was assessed using the Anticholinergic Burden Scale (ACB) and the Anticholinergic and Sedative Burden Catalogue (ACSBC). We combined the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) with basic activities of daily living (BADLs), with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) or with both. Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to explore dimensionality and model fit. The associations between the total burden and outcomes were estimated using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). Results Among 983 participants, a higher total daily ACB score was associated with poorer MMSE‐BADLs‐IADLs performance (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = [1.06–1.47]; p = 0.004) and MMSE‐IADLs (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = [1.30–1.88]; p < 0.001). Higher ACSBC scores showed similar associations with the MMSE‐BADLs‐IADLs (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = [1.08–1.40]; p < 0.001) and MMSE‐IADLs (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = [1.16–1.70]; p < 0.001). The three cognitive‐functional measures showed high internal consistency with comparative fit indexes (CFIs) of 0.9 and 0.95 and root mean squared error of approximations (RMSEAs) < 0.08, supporting a one‐factor model. Conclusions Our findings, based on combined measures in assessing cognitive‐functional decline in older adults, support incorporating anticholinergic burden assessment into routine care, particularly for patients aged ≥85 or those with CNS diseases and depression