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A contemporary reappraisal of a 1st c. AD. polytrauma on a 65-year-old male from Qumran (Near-East): from archaeology to clinical practice
No full textInternational audienc
Functionalization of Silicon Surfaces Using SI-ATRP and Click Chemistry for Anchoring Asymmetric Catalysts
No full textInternational audienceA novel approach for the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of methoxyethyl methacrylate (MEMA) and 3-azidopropyl methacrylate (AZMA) on macroporous silicon substrates and their postfunctionalization by click chemistry with asymmetric catalysts is presented. Crystalline silicon was first used to monitor the multistep functionalization by quantitative IR-ATR spectroscopy. The attachment of an alkynyl FTIR marker on crystalline silicon demonstrated the effectiveness of the methodology, which was then applied onto macroporous silicon to anchor an enantiopure chromium-salen complex as a first step toward the development of new supported asymmetric organometallic catalysts on silicon-based materials. SEM and EDS measurements clearly show good homogeneity of the polymer growth through the porous layers with a uniform distribution of the catalysts (even deep inside the pores). The successful functionalization of macroporous silicon has confirmed the transferability of the technique to porous materials, highlighting its potential for application to even larger surface area substrates in future catalytic studies
Appendix 6 : Results of the systematic review by outcome criterion.
No full textInternational audienceThis section provides a consolidated synthesis of the results gathered from the 21 studies included in the systematic review. To facilitate a clear comparison of findings across the diverse body of research, the results are meticulously organized and presented according to specific outcome criteria. Each key outcome measure investigated in this review is addressed in a dedicated sub-section (or file), aggregating all pertinent data reported by the individual studies for that particular criterion. This structure is designed to allow readers to efficiently access and compare the evidence pertaining to a single outcome across all included studies. Given the considerable volume of aggregated data points and detailed summaries, this comprehensive results synthesis is presented in French. Nevertheless, the core quantitative findings and statistical results largely adhere to standard international mathematical and reporting norms, which should facilitate their interpretation by a non-French-speaking audience familiar with scientific data presentation
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Postoperative Opioid Consumption, Pain and Complications Following Intraoperative Autonomic Nervous System‐Based Nociception Monitoring
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Background Autonomic nervous system–based nociception monitors have been proposed to optimise intraoperative opioid administration. While they reduce intraoperative opioid use, evidence on postoperative outcomes remains limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate their effects on postoperative pain, opioid consumption and complications. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Google Scholar, Cochrane and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomised controlled trials comparing intraoperative nociception monitoring with standard care and reporting postoperative outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed per Cochrane guidance. Data were pooled with random‐effects models (RevMan 5.4.1). Continuous outcomes were summarised as mean or standardised mean differences (95% CI) and dichotomous outcomes as risk ratios (95% CI). Results Thirty‐eight RCTs comprising 3243 patients were included. Post‐anaesthesia care unit (PACU) opioid consumption was lower in monitor‐guided groups (mean difference −0.6 mg, 95% CI –1.00 to −0.19). Likewise, 24‐h morphine consumption decreased (mean difference −2.56 mg, 95% CI –4.01 to −1.11); however, these reductions did not reach the minimal clinically important difference. PACU and 24‐h pain scores, as well as the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, respiratory events, urinary retention, delirium and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP), were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions Intraoperative nociception monitors modestly reduce early postoperative opioid requirements, but without clinically meaningful benefit. No improvements were observed in postoperative pain or complications. These findings suggest that, despite their impact on intraoperative opioid titration, nociception monitors do not improve patient‐centered postoperative outcomes. Significance This systematic review and meta‐analysis shows that intraoperative autonomic nervous system‐based nociception monitors significantly reduce postoperative opioid consumption at PACU discharge and 24 hours, but the effect size does not reach the minimal clinically important difference. Pain scores and postoperative complications are not significantly impacted. These findings suggest that, while nociception monitors influence intraoperative opioid titration, their clinical benefit on postoperative outcomes remains limited. Trial Registration PROSPERO number: CRD42023490440; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD4202349044
Trajectory Optimisation for UAV Data Collection in IoT‐Based WSN: A Lévy Flight‐Based Approach
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT In large‐scale deployments, the Internet of things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) often face challenges in transmitting collected data to the base station due to limited network coverage. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can extend this coverage by flying to remote WSN areas and communicating with aggregator nodes (CH‐nodes) to retrieve data. Designing UAV‐assisted data collection systems therefore requires a careful consideration of both UAV and WSN constraints. This article proposes an energy‐efficient approach for UAV‐based data collection in IoT/WSNs. The problem is formulated to jointly optimise system cost and energy consumption while accounting for communication power, mission duration, and data importance. The solution proceeds in two steps. First, aggregator nodes are selected using clustering based on residual energy and inter‐node distances to minimise system costs. Second, the UAV trajectory is generated using a Lévy flight strategy that follows the positions of the selected aggregators. Although this trajectory may be slightly longer than that produced by a deterministic TSP route, it increases the amount of collected data and prolongs both UAV and WSN lifetime by ensuring timely visits to distant cluster heads. Simulation results confirm the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method compared with existing solutions
Carbon dioxide removal potential of biochar with biomass supply from bioenergy crops in China
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Biochar and bioenergy crop cultivation with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) are two major negative emission technologies for carbon dioxide removal (CDR). However, biochar production is limited by biomass supply, while BECCS depends on costly CCS infrastructure and faces storage constraints. Here, a novel combination of biochar with biomass supply from dedicated bioenergy crops (BCBE) is proposed to overcome their respective limitations. Through retrofitting current biomass power plants in China with pyrolysis systems or CCS, biomass power plants are assumed to use either residues from agriculture and forestry or from dedicated bioenergy crops on abandoned croplands to meet their capacity for biochar production. Based on these plants, the CDR potential and the economic cost of BCBE are first investigated by considering different components in the life cycle of biochar, and are compared with an alternative scenario using bioenergy crops supply for BECCS. Locations for building new pyrolysis plants are then identified and the achievable CDR under biomass utilization scenarios is estimated. With 73% agricultural and half forestry residues or 84% bioenergy crops supplied to plants, the CDR potential of BCBE is 25.8 Tg CO 2 year −1 (95% CI: 23.6–32.4 Tg CO 2 year −1 ), comparable to that of biochar derived from agricultural and forestry residues (29.8 Tg CO 2 year −1, 95% CI: 28.2–36.8 Tg CO 2 year −1 ). Despite the lower CDR potential of BCBE compared with BECCS, the cost of BCBE (90.9 t −1 CO 2 ). With newly built pyrolysis plants supplied with bioenergy crops and agricultural and forestry residues, the maximum CDR of all biochar sources can reach 1880.4 Tg CO 2 year −1. Thus, deploying biochar on a large scale with additional biomass supply from bioenergy crops is expected to contribute substantially to achieving China's carbon neutrality goal. However, critical uncertainties remain regarding plant retrofit feasibility, technology integration, and the biomass supply chain
Association between body mass index and risk of breast cancer according to breast cancer subtypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textInternational audienceObesity was associated with a modestly higher risk of ER-positive BC, driven by postmenopausal status. Considering potential confounders, in premenopausal women, higher BMI was associated with lower risk of ER-positive BC, and an increased risk of ER-negative BC
Small in the heat, transparent in the bloom : copepod morphological responses in the California upwelling ecosystem
No full textInternational audienceCopepods are central to marine food webs as they link primary producers to higher trophic levels. This study used in situ images collected with an Underwater Vision Profiler during four cruises (2008, 2012, 2014 and 2016) in the California Current Ecosystem to investigate how copepod morphologies relate to environmental conditions. Consistent with Bergmann’s rule, our results indicate that smaller copepods were associated with warmer environments. Copepods with more complex body shapes, owing to extended appendages, were observed in waters with higher fluorescence and diatom concentrations. Finally, more transparent copepods were found in shallower waters with higher fluorescence, potentially suggesting predatory avoidance of darker copepods found deeper in the water column. These findings support the power of imaging-based functional trait-based approaches to link zooplankton morphological variability with environmental gradients, enhancing our understanding of zooplankton dynamics in productive upwelling systems
Idealized modeling of stratospheric aerosolinjection deployment scenarios with two non-cooperative actors
No full textInternational audienceWe investigate solar radiation management scenarios of two non-cooperative actors deploying stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). We perform the idealized experiments with a four-box Energy Balance Model capable of predicting hemispheric temperatures and monsoon precipitation, coupled to PI-controllers. The controller models the behaviour of an actor that deploys SAI at a certain location in order to reach a certain climatic goal, such as an average temperature or a monsoon precipitation target. The goal of this work is to assess through case studies of idealized scenarios what could go wrong in a non-cooperative deployment. Continuous non-cooperative deployment by two actors provides the expected climate result in most of the cases studied, but it can lead to the actors not fully reaching their targets. Intermittent deployment, related to policy instability in our scenario design, can lead to a free-riding situation, or missing the climatic targets due to temperature oscillations induced by the intermittency. These results of our case studies point out the need for exploring more politically plausible scenarios in SRM modelling studies. More complex experiments, including multi-target controllers and coalitions of actors, will be possible with a future version of the mode
Role of Cefiderocol in the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) Infections: An Expert Statement
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Infections caused by nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (NF-GNB), particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially among critically ill or immunocompromised patients. The rise of multidrug resistance has rendered many first-line antibiotics ineffective, highlighting the need for novel agents such as cefiderocol, a siderophore cephalosporin with unique pharmacokinetics and broad in vitro activity against resistant gram-negative pathogens.Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of French experts in infectious diseases, microbiology, pharmacology, and intensive care reviewed the available evidence and clinical experience of cefiderocol. Using a structured consensus process, the group developed pragmatic, expert-based recommendations for its use against A. baumannii, S. maltophilia, and P. aeruginosa, considering clinical scenarios, resistance mechanisms, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) optimization, and practical implementation.Results: Cefiderocol demonstrates potent in vitro activity against NF-GNB, including colistin- and imipenem-resistant isolates. Clinical success, however, depends on optimized PK/PD exposure, particularly in high-inoculum infections or patients with augmented renal clearance. Cohort studies and meta-analyses suggest lower mortality and markedly reduced nephrotoxicity compared with colistin-based regimens in A. baumannii infections. For S. maltophilia, cefiderocol shows consistently low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and serves as a reliable alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or fluoroquinolones. Against P. aeruginosa, it retains high in vitro activity and should be considered after failure of newer β-lactams, with caution in New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing isolates. Continuous infusion and early therapeutic drug monitoring are encouraged to maximize efficacy.Conclusions: Cefiderocol is a valuable therapeutic option for severe NF-GNB infections when conventional agents fail. Its use should be guided by pathogen-specific MICs and PK/PD-based dosing. The expert panel underscores the importance of early microbiological diagnosis, susceptibility testing, and optimized administration to achieve maximal clinical benefit while preserving cefiderocol's role within antimicrobial stewardship