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The composition of the lactation diet but not the previous rearing feeding level affects the response to an oral drench of propylene glycol in primiparous lactating dairy goats
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this experiment was to study if different growth trajectories during rearing influence adaptive capacity to metabolic challenges during lactation. Sixteen female Saanen goats were selected at weaning and given either a high growth trajectory diet (High GT, n=8) or a control growth trajectory diet (Control GT, n=8) until parturition. The diets were formulated to produce a weight difference at parturition of 10%. Oestrous cycles were synchronised and the goats were inseminated at 7 months of age. Three weeks after parturition, four metabolic challenges were performed: day 21 (goats were fed the normal lactation diet and given 1 mL PG/kg liveweight, by drenching), day 28 (goats were fed straw for 2 days and then given 1 mL water/kg liveweight, by drenching), day 35 (goats were fed the normal lactation diet and given 1 mL PG/kg liveweight, by drenching) and day 42 (goats were fed straw for 2 days and then given 1 mL PG/kg liveweight, by drenching). The metabolic response to PG (an increase in circulating glucose and insulin) was delayed after the day 42 challenge (straw diet) compared to the day 21 and 35 challenges (lactation diet). Several hypotheses may explain this finding: poor adaptation of rumen microbes for PG fermentation after a straw diet, reduced rumen-emptying in the straw fed goats (therefore slower absorption of PG and its metabolites) or reduced gluconeogenesis in the liver of straw fed goats compared to lactation diet fed goats due to mild steatosis. After the day 28 challenge (straw diet), the High GT goats appeared to be less metabolically versatile than the Control GT goats since the High GT goats had beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations which were close to those defined as indicating sub-clinical ketosis (>1.2 mmol/L) while Control GT goats had low BHB concentrations. Short-term metabolic challenges may be interesting tools in the study of metabolic versatility in farm animal
Long-term atmospheric exposure to particulate matter and breast cancer risk: findings from a nested case-control study in France
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of particles thought to be associated with a range of adverse health effects, including female breast cancer. Current evidence on the association between PM and female breast cancer risk is inconsistent. Methods This study investigated the association between long-term exposure to PM and breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study within the French E3N-Generation cohort including 5222 breast cancer cases identified over the 1990–2011 follow-up period and 5222 individually matched controls. Annual mean concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 at participants’ residential addresses, were estimated using a land use regression model. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Results ORs for each 10 µg/m 3 increase in the average of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 1.14 (95% CI: 0.99–1.30) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.98–1.18), respectively. When restricted to invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas, ORs were 2.74 (95% CI: 1.05–7.15) for PM 2.5 and 2.05 (95% CI: 1.11–3.78) for PM 10 . Comparable effects of PM exposure estimated by a chemistry transport model reinforces these findings. Conclusion This study suggests a potential association between PM 2.5 and PM 10 exposure and breast cancer risk
Hyperpolypharmacy in patients with chronic kidney disease and its impact on clinical outcomes
No full textInternational audienceHyperpolypharmacy (≥ 10 daily medications) is frequent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its impact remains poorly characterized. This study, based on 3,011 non-dialyzed, non-transplant CKD outpatients from the CKD-REIN cohort (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) aimed to describe drug burden and assess associations between hyperpolypharmacy and adverse outcomes. Drug prescription, kidney function, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), hospitalizations, kidney replacement therapy and deaths before KRT were prospectively recorded over five years. Median age was 69 years and mean eGFR was 34 mL/min/1.73 m2. At baseline, 80% of the cohort had polypharmacy (≥ 5 daily medications), and 33% had hyperpolypharmacy. These rates remained stable over time. Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and a history of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were the main contributors to hyperpolypharmacy status. Hyperpolypharmacy was associated with greater likelihoods of an ADR (hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.21 [1.04-1.40]), hospitalization (HR [95%CI] 1.34 [1.18-1.51]) and death before KRT (HR [95%CI] 1.46 [1.17-1.82]). Among patients with eGFR ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73m2, hyperpolypharmacy also raised the risk of KRT initiation (HR [95%CI] 1.46 [1.00-2.13]), but not in those with eGFR < 30 (HR [95%CI] 0.94 [0.78-1.14]). These results identify hyperpolypharmacy as a significant concern in CKD and underscore the importance of regular medication reviews to reduce adverse outcomes
Distribution trends of soil fauna with different body sizes and feeding habits across altitudinal climate zones on Mount Gongga, China
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Amplified Arctic–boreal fire regimes from permafrost thaw feedbacks
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The North Balearic Front as an ecological boundary: zooplankton fine-scale distribution patterns in late spring
No full textInternational audienceObservations, models and theory have suggested that ocean fronts are ecological hotspots, generally associated with higher diversity and biomass across many trophic levels. Nutrient injections are often associated with higher chlorophyll concentrations at fronts, but the response of the zooplankton community is still insufficiently understood. The present study investigates mesozooplankton stocks and composition during late spring, northeast of Menorca, along two north-south transects that crossed the North Balearic Front separating central waters of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea gyre from peripheral waters originating from the Algerian basin. During the BioSWOT-Med campaign, vertical triple-net tows with 200 and 500 µm meshes were carried out at three depths (100, 200, and 400 m), and the samples were processed with ZooScan to classify organisms into eight taxonomic groups. Zooplankton distributions were analyzed for the surface layer (0–100 m), a mid-depth layer (100–200 m), and a deeper layer (200–400 m). The results did not show a significant increase in biomass in the front in any layers. The NBF appears to act as a boundary between communities rather than a pronounced area of active or passive zooplankton accumulation. Analyses of stratified vertical distributions of zooplankton highlighted distinct taxonomic compositions in the three layers, and a progressive homogenization of community structure with depth, reflecting a weaker impact of hydrological processes on deeper communities. The clearest impact of the front was within the upper 100 m, where the mesozooplanktonic taxonomic composition differed between the front and adjacent water masses, with a decrease in all taxonomic groups except Cnidaria, which increased dramatically. In the two deeper layers, the front also influenced community composition, although to a lesser extent, with marked increases in Foraminifera and Cnidaria. Moreover, the northern water mass and the front were dominated by large copepods, while the southern water mass exhibited higher zooplankton diversity and smaller-sized copepods. The results of this study highlight the complexity of processes shaping planktonic communities over time and space in the NBF zone and its adjacent waters. These processes include zooplankton stock reduction in the transitional post-bloom period, marked effect of diel variation linked to vertical migrations, and potentially the impact of storm-related mixing in the surface layer that can disrupt established ecological patterns
Evidence for the absence of a relationship between inflammation and cognition in a cohort of 1565 individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders: a Bayesian analysis of network
No full textInternational audiencePrevious studies have reported variable associations between peripheral inflammatory markers and cognitive functioning in individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD), with some identifying significant links and others finding no relationship. Such inconsistencies raise important questions about the role of inflammation in cognitive impairment among individuals with BSD. This study aims to investigate the relationship between peripheral inflammatory markers and cognitive function in a clinical sample of individuals with BSD using a Bayesian network analysis framework. We analyzed data from a large cohort (n = 1565) focusing on hsCRP and a subsample (n = 249) that included concurrent assessments of additional cytokines including Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha. A Bayesian approach was utilized to quantify uncertainty regarding the presence or absence of associations between inflammation and cognitive function. Our findings revealed no significant associations between inflammatory markers and cognitive performance in both samples. Strong evidence was found supporting the absence of association, with network analysis indicating distinct clusters for cognitive and inflammatory variables, suggesting they function as independent constructs with limited interactions. In our clinical sample of individuals with BSD, our findings do not support a direct association between some inflammatory markers and cognition, aligning with studies that found minimal or no associations. Our study emphasizes the importance of utilizing Bayesian methods to assess these relationships rigorously and suggests further exploration of individual differences and subgroup effects in future research
StripesCounter: A new image software for increment measurement in paleoclimate archives
No full textInternational audienceMost natural paleoclimate archives are accretionary material presenting periodic structures that bear environmental and/or chronological information. Here we present StripesCounter, an open access Python software designed for automated banding detection and measurement. As a study case, 16-year long profiles of daily growth increment measurements were conducted on a modern shell of the giant clam Tridacna gigas. High resolution images of shell thin sections were obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscopy and processed using StripesCounter. We demonstrate that StripesCounter provides highly reproducible and accurate results. The long time series of daily increments indicate that Tridacna gigas growth is strongly modulated by seasonal oceanographic variations, reflecting changes in sea surface temperature, precipitation, and salinity. Notably, growth profiles reveal semi-annual variations related to semi-annual variations in environmental factors, potentially linked to ENSO events. This automated growth increment analysis can be extended to other archives with cyclic structures, including tree rings, corals, and other biogenic or abiotic laminated materials. StripesCounter offers a powerful and accessible tool for generating long high-resolution, temporally explicit datasets, opening new perspectives for investigating rapid environmental changes across diverse ecosystems and geological timescales
Towards Domain-Robust Activity Recognition using Textual Representations of Binary Sensor Events
No full textInternational audienceLanguage-based representations have recently emerged as a promising approach for cross-domain Human Activity Recognition (HAR) in smart homes, where binary sensor streams are verbalized into natural-language descriptions and processed by pretrained encoders. However, prior work has typically fixed both the textualization scheme and the text embedding model, leaving open how linguistic design choices influence transferability. This paper presents a comprehensive factorial analysis of textualization and embedding strategies for language-based HAR. We systematically vary (i) how sensor event windows are expressed-across seven existing and novel sequential and summarized textualizations-and (ii) how they are embedded using lexical (TF-IDF), static (Word2Vec), and contextual (SBERT) encoders. Experiments on four public smart-home datasets under consistent in-domain and cross-domain transfer conditions reveal that textualization design, not encoder complexity, governs performance. Sequential, event-ordered sentences maximize in-domain accuracy, while single-sentence, schema-based summaries-such as the proposed Compound Sensor Summary (CSS)-generalize best across homes. Clause-level ablations further show that event descriptions drive recognition, whereas explicit timing information can reduce robustness by overfitting to home-specific schedules. Overall, our findings establish a reproducible framework for analyzing and designing language-based representations in HAR, demonstrating that linguistic structure-rather than deep contextualization-is the primary determinant of domain robustness in smart-home activity recognition
Social and occupational factors are associated with musculoskeletal pain prevalence in the general population: a population-based cohort study
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Musculoskeletal pain (MP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting individual well-being and public health. However, in the literature, the prevalence of MP varies considerably because of methodological inconsistencies, selection biases, and differences in case definitions. This study aimed to estimate the population-based prevalence of MP in France and identify key demographic, socioeconomic, and occupational factors associated with MP.Methods: This cross-sectional study used baseline data for the CONSTANCES cohort study, a large, population-based epidemiological study with participants representative of the French adult population (18-69 years old). Inverse probability weighting was used to correct for selection bias and to improve the generalizability of prevalence estimates. MP was were assessed with the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, with significant pain defined as lasting >30 days in the past 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with low back pain, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Among 193,436 participants, 46.2% reported pain in at least one anatomical site. The most affected areas were the low back (26.6% adjusted prevalence), shoulder (21.4%), neck (19.0%), and knee (19.1%). Odds of low back pain was associated with female sex (OR 1.39 [95% CI 1.32-1.47]), older age, obesity, depression (1.71 [1.62-1.80]), and comorbidity burden (1.20 [1.15-1.25]). Odds of low back pain was associated with moderate or high occupational physical activity (OR 1.33 [1.20-1.50] and 1.69 [1.48-1.93]) but was inversely associated with very active leisure-time physical activity (0.82 [0.70-0.96]). Education level but not household income was a significant socioeconomic factor associated with MP.Conclusion: MP impose a substantial burden on the French population, particularly among individuals with physically demanding jobs and low education levels. These findings highlight the paradox of physical activity associated with MP