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Middle Eocene hyperthermal seasonality from Paris Basin marine mollusks
No full textInternational audienceThe Earth has experienced hyperthermal events in the past, characterized by maximum durations of hundreds thousand years, significant magnitude, global extent, and drivers associated with increases in greenhouse gas concentrations, therefore making them potential analogues for current climate change. The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) that occurred 40 Ma ago, is marked by a CO2-driven global warming of +4 to +6° C, affecting global temperatures. Here, we present a detailed reconstruction of seasonal fluctuations in seawater temperatures during this warming event in littoral environment, based on geochemical analyses (δ18O and Δ47) of shallow-marine mollusks from the Paris Basin. Our data show a stability in mean winter temperatures compared to pre-MECO conditions, but a marked warming of +10°C in maximum estuarine water temperatures, with a seasonal temperature range increasing from 12°C before the MECO to 22°C at the climax of the event. We demonstrate that at mid-latitudes, annual maximum shallow-water temperatures increased from 30 ± 2°C before the event to a maximum of 41 ± 4°C at the warming peak. This pattern is associated with a seasonal regime characterized by dry summers and wet winters, implying that the Paris Basin experienced a super-hot summer Mediterranean climate during the MECO
Marine protected areas as living labs ? Lessons learned & future perspectives
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When more is more: pain relief following endometriosis surgery depend on disease severity and extent of excision
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Comment je fais… un cerclage cervical définitif par voie laparoscopique
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Atomistically informed irradiation induced hardening model for zirconium
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Systemic distribution of tricyclo-DNA antisense oligonucleotide following intratracheal instillation in the mouse
No full textInternational audienceAbstract This study evaluated intratracheal (IT) instillation as an alternative route for systemic delivery of therapeutic tricyclo-DNA antisense oligonucleotides (tcDNA-ASOs), using the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)-targeting compound SQY51 as a model. IT administration was compared with intravenous (IV) injection by assessing pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, tissue localization, and immunological effects in mice. Fluorescent hybridization assays demonstrated that IT instillation delivered SQY51 into the bloodstream, confirming systemic absorption via the pulmonary route. Compared with IV injection, IT administration produced lower peak plasma concentrations, slower clearance, and prolonged detection. Tissue distribution analysis showed higher lung accumulation but reduced levels in the kidney, heart, and diaphragm, indicating route-dependent targeting. Histological and molecular analyses showed preserved lung architecture and no significant inflammation after IT delivery. Unlike carbon black, a known inflammatory agent, SQY51 did not induce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression ex vivo or in vitro using RAW264.7 macrophages. Immunohistochemistry confirmed SQY51 uptake in CD68+CD11b+ lung macrophages. Additionally, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence revealed SQY51 internalization by alveolar macrophages with retention in lysosomes. A single 25 mg/kg pulmonary dose was safe and well-tolerated, with no adverse structural or immune effects. These findings support IT instillation as a feasible alternative for systemic delivery of tcDNA-ASOs
Stronger Sensitivity of Plant Photosynthesis to Rising <scp> CO <sub>2</sub> </scp> in High Elevation Ecosystems
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT The CO 2 ‐fertilisation effect (CFE) on vegetation productivity is the major driver of the enhanced land carbon sink in recent decades. CFE theoretically increases with elevation due to the higher sensitivity of carboxylation to an increase of CO 2 under lower CO 2 partial pressure, but the elevation‐dependent CFE pattern has been largely overlooked. By conducting a 6‐year CO 2 enrichment experiment (+100 ppm) in an alpine grassland, we show that elevated CO 2 increased gross primary production (GPP) by 25.5% ± 4.6%. Water availability and plant biomass allocation modulates CFE during different seasons. A global synthesis of 10 CO 2 enrichment experiments reveals that CFE increased with elevation. The satellite‐based EC‐LUE model also demonstrates a positive global elevation‐dependent CFE pattern, albeit substantially weaker than that from experimental observations. Current terrestrial biosphere models, however, could not represent the elevation‐dependent pattern, highlighting the need to improve the representations of plants' elevational physiological adaptation to rising CO 2 in models
Low latency global carbon budget indicates reduced land carbon sink in the year 2024
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Does the Measured Abundance Suggest a Biological Origin for the Ancient Alkanes Preserved in a Martian Mudstone?
No full textInternational audienceThe measured abundance (30–50 ppb) of long-chain (C 10 –C 12 ) alkanes and their possible carboxylic acid precursors found in the ancient Cumberland mudstone in Gale Crater would have been substantially higher before the onset of exposure to ionizing radiation approximately 80 million years ago. Based on recent radiolysis experiments, we estimate conservatively that the Cumberland mudstone would have contained 120–7700 ppm of long-chain alkanes and/or fatty acids before ionizing radiation exposure. Such a high concentration of large organic molecules in martian sedimentary rocks cannot be readily explained by the accretion of organics from carbon-rich interplanetary dust particles and meteorites, nor by the deposition of hypothetical haze-derived organics from an ancient martian atmosphere. We discuss the feasibility of two additional mechanisms––one abiotic and one biological––that could have been capable of depositing this level of long-straight-chain organic molecules in the ancient martian mudstones: allochthonous transport of hydrothermally synthesized organics and autochthonous accumulation of organics from a hypothetical ancient Mars biosphere. To advance and test these and any additional working hypotheses put forth to explain such high concentrations of primary organics on Mars requires an understanding of the radiolytic degradation products expected for organics preserved in mineralogically comparable mudstones
Hydropower generation under anthropogenic disturbances: a systematic review dataset
No full textInternational audienceThis repository contains the curated database supporting a systematic review on the impacts of climate change and other anthropogenic drivers on hydropower generation worldwide. The database compiles quantitative and qualitative information extracted from peer-reviewed scientific articles, including metadata on study scale, modelling scenarios, anthropogenic drivers(Climate, LUCC, Sediments, Polidy), and reported annual variation in hydropower production. The dataset is intended to support reproducibility, synthesis analyses, and future meta-analyses of hydropower vulnerability across spatial scales. Access to the files is currently restricted during the peer-review process. The dataset will be made publicly available upon acceptance of the associated manuscript