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Beyond borders: Europe's leadership role in tackling transboundary antimicrobial resistance
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains one of the gravest global health threats, responsible for over 35 000 deaths annually in the EU/EEA and projected to cause nearly 2 million deaths worldwide each year by 2050. While Europe has long positioned itself as a frontrunner in the fight against AMR, growing international mobility and fragmented policy implementation continue to undermine progress. This viewpoint argues that strengthening a coordinated One Health response is essential to address the transboundary nature of antimicrobial resistance. The European response must now evolve beyond national and regional frameworks, with strengthened surveillance at borders, stronger political commitment at the continental level, to curb imported and emerging resistant infections. Only a unified, globally connected Europe can lead an effective and sustainable response to this silent pandemic
Expert Elicitation on Exposure to Tick Bites and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Risk in Occupational and Recreational Forest Activities
No full textThis article is based on work conducted for a TBEV risk assessment of a working group established by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), which is a public administrative body reporting to the Ministries of Health, the Environment, Agriculture and LabourInternational audienceBackground: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is transmitted to humans via tick bites and occasionally via the consumption of unpasteurized milk products. According to the literature, the most important driver of TBE emergence and increase in incidence in humans is changes in human behaviour/activities. Method and principal findings: To compensate for the lack of data, expert opinions were gathered to identify the risk factors for exposure to tick bites linked to twenty-eight human activities (professional or recreational) in forests and to target prevention messages at the populations most at risk. Opinions were elicited from a total of twenty-five European experts. Seven criteria were included in the analysis for each activity: frequency, seasonality, duration of exposure, distance covered, degree of contact with vegetation, speed and average level of protection against tick bites. The activities considered to be the most at risk of exposure to tick bites are, in descending order: three occupational activities (forest monitoring activities, forestry and wood industry activities and scientific and/or analytical activities), five recreational activities and one hunting activity (mushroom picking, spending the night in the forest, hunting, naturalist activities, orienteering, and berry or fruit picking). Conclusions and significance: Prevention messages regarding tick bites could be targeted at people who engage in activities considered in this analysis to be at highest risk of exposure to tick bites
New Plio-Pleistocene fossils from the eastern Pacific shed light on the early evolution of otariids (Carnivora: Pinnipedia) in the Southern Hemisphere
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by sea lions and fur seals (Otariidae) represents a crucial yet poorly understood chapter in pinniped evolution. Here, we describe exceptionally preserved Plio-Pleistocene (2.7–1.4 Mya) fossils of sea lions from Peru, including a new taxon, Otaria josefinae sp. nov., offering insights into otariid southward diversification. Total-evidence phylogeny reveals O. josefinae as sister to the extant South American sea lion (Otaria byronia), together with Hydrarctos lomasiensis forming a robust clade. This grouping and the clade leading to Arctocephalus, Neophoca, and Phocarctos define the Southern Hemisphere otariid clade we name Australotariia. Otaria josefinae displays moderate size, pronounced sexual dimorphism, and a partially specialized palate, reflecting an incipient stage in the anatomical evolution of O. byronia associated with polygyny and versatile foraging. These changes coincided with Plio-Pleistocene climatic shifts favouring otariid dominance over phocids in productive upwelling ecosystems. Our results support an Early Pliocene (∼4.8 Mya) divergence between northern and southern otariids tied to a period of marine megafaunal turnover. These fossil findings show Otaria occupied the southeastern Pacific before Arctocephalus, evolving locally since the Pliocene. Arctocephalus might have arrived very recently, but the timing and mode of its diversification in the Southern Hemisphere ecosystems remain obscure
Training in anterior and posterior zirconia cantilevered resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses: design and educational outcomes
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An all-topology two-fluid model for two-phase flows derived through Hamilton's Stationary Action Principle
No full textInternational audienceWe present a novel multi-fluid model for compressible two-phase flows. The model is derived through a newly developed Stationary Action Principle framework. It is fully closed and introduces a new interfacial quantity, the interfacial work. The closures for the interfacial quantities are provided by the variational principle. They are physically sound and well-defined for all types of flow topologies. The model is shown to be hyperbolic, symmetrizable, and admits an entropy conservation law. Its non-conservative products yield uniquely defined jump conditions which are provided. As such, it allows for the proper treatment of weak solutions. In the multi-dimensional setting, the model presents lift forces which are discussed. The model constitutes a sound basis for future numerical simulations
Response to Leboyer et al., 2026 - refers to: Advocacy by nonprofit scientific institutions needs to be evidence-based: a case study
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Interim vaccine effectiveness against influenza virus among outpatients, France, October 2025 to January 2026
No full textInternational audienceIn Europe, the 2025/26 seasonal influenza epidemic started in October 2025. Co-circulation of A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 was observed in several countries including France. We estimated early vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza virus in French outpatients (5,451 positives/18,816 negatives). A significant VE across all age groups was measured: 28% (95% CI: 17–37) for those aged ≥ 65 years, 45% (95% CI: 36–53) for 18–64-year-olds and 57% (95% CIs: 29–74) for 0–17-year-olds. Reinforcing vaccination uptake is warranted
Ouvrir l’IA : entre exigences juridiques, souveraineté scientifique et politiques de diffusion
No full textInternational audienceIntervention sur le thème de "Ouvrir l’IA : entre exigences juridiques, souveraineté scientifique et politiques de diffusion "Objet et thématiques des journéesLes politiques de science ouverte ont sensibilisé et accompagné les acteurs de la recherche, financé des projets ou des infrastructures existantes, contribué au renforcement ou au développement de services, pour faciliter le changement vers une science plus ouverte.L’ambition de ces journées est de montrer l’impact de ces politiques et des initiatives qui en découlent. Cet impact pourra être observé dans les pratiques des chercheurs, dans les rôles et les compétences des personnels d’appui à la recherche ainsi que dans les résultats scientifiques. A travers des communications, des retours d’expérience ou encore des ateliers, venez observer la science en train de s’ouvrir !L’Université de Lorraine, Inria, INRAE et le CNRS, avec le soutien du Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Espace, organisent à Nancy, du 27 au 29 janvier 2026, des journées consacrées à l’impact des politiques en faveur de la science ouverte sur les pratiques et les résultats scientifiques
Levels of circulating kidney injury markers and IL-10 identify non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 at risk of death
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUNDAfter identifying 2 immunomarkers of acute injury, KIM-1 and LCN2, in all kidney biopsies from 31 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and de novo kidney dysfunction, we investigated whether circulating markers of kidney epithelial injury are common in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who require oxygen support but do not have critical illness.METHODSWe studied 196 patients admitted to 15 hospitals with moderate to severe pneumonia who were enrolled in 2 independent randomized clinical trials. We measured 41 immune mediators and markers of kidney and endothelial injury in peripheral blood in these patients within 24 hours of randomization.RESULTSWe constructed a generalized linear CORIMUNO model combining serum levels of KIM-1, LCN2, IL-10, and age at hospital admission that showed high discrimination for mortality (derivation cohort: AUC = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73-0.92; validation cohort: AUC = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74-0.92). An early rise in circulating kidney injury markers, in the absence of acute kidney injury criteria, was markedly associated with the risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19 and death within 3 months.CONCLUSIONThe CORIMUNO score may be a helpful tool for risk stratification, and for the first time to our knowledge, it identifies the overlooked impact of subclinical kidney injury on pneumonia outcomes.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT04324047, NCT04324073, and NCT04331808.FUNDINGThis research was funded by the French Ministry of Health, Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC COVID-19-20-0151, PHRC COVID-19-20-0029), Fondation de l'Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (Alliance Tous Unis Contre le Virus), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and grants from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) (REA202010012514) and Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida and emerging infectious diseases (ANRS) (ANRS0147) from the VINTED sponsorship