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No full textNot AvailableCastor is an economically important non-edible
oilseed crop grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of
the world and India is the leading producer of castor
sharing 65% of world castor growing area (0.75 million
ha) with more than 85% of world’s castor production (1.2
million tonnes) (FAOSTAT, 2019). Several biotic and
abiotic factors account for our country’s lower average
productivity (1600kg/ha). Reniform nematode,
Rotylenchulus reniformis is one among the major biotic
factors affecting castor crop. This polyphagous, semiendoparasite
attacks numerous cultivated crops and yield
loss estimates by Jain et al (2007) indicated that in castor,
this nematode inflicts monetary loss to the tune of Rs. 180
million (13.93%). Interaction of the nematode with wilt
pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini aggravates
wilt incidence. Evaluation of various castor inbred lines,
hybrids etc., under ICAR-AICRP on Castor, identified
inbred line JC-12 developed by Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi
Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur as resistant to reniform
nematode (Giribabu, 2014). Our objective is to study the
penetration behavior of reniform nematode on resistant
(JC-12) and susceptible (48-1) genotypes of castor.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableNew and emerging plant diseases are caused by different pathogens including viruses that often cause significant crop losses. Badnaviruses are pararetroviruses that contain a single molecule of ds DNA genome of 7 to 9 kb in size and infect a large number of economically important crops such as banana and plantains, black pepper, cacao, citrus, grapevine, pineapple, sugarcane, sweet potato, taro, and yam, causing significant yield losses. Many of the species in the genus have a restricted host range and several of them are known to infect a single crop. Combined infections of different virus species and strains offer conditions that favor the development of new strains via recombination, especially in vegetatively propagated crops. The primary spread of badnaviruses is through vegetative propagating materials while for the secondary spread, they depend on insects such as mealybugs and aphids. Disease emerges as a consequence of the interactions between host
and pathogens under favorable environmental conditions. The viral genome of the pararetroviruses is known to be integrated into the chromosome of the host and a few plants with integrants when subjected to different kinds of abiotic stress will give rise to episomal forms of the virus and cause disease. Attempts have been made to develop management strategies for badnaviruses both conventionally and using precision breeding techniques such as genome editing. Until 2016 only 32 badnavirus species infecting different crops were known, but in six years, this number has gone up to 68. The current review highlights the emerging disease problems and management options for badnaviruses infecting economically important crops.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableCauliflower is an important vegetable crop grown worldwide. Development and characterization
of suitable cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and male fertile inbreds is instrumental
in developing heterotic hybrids. A study was undertaken to estimate heterosis and combining
ability in snowball cauliflower lines through line × tester analysis involving five Ogura CMS
lines and seven male fertile testers. The assessment of F1s along with their parental lines
for different horticultural traits revealed a wide range of heterosis. Ogu-13-01 was the best
general combiner for leaf length, leaf width and plant height, Ogu-13-85 for number of
leaves/plant, Ogu-101 for days to 50% curd initiation, days to 50% curd maturity and net
curd weight and Ogu-119 for harvest index. The lines with better general combining ability
(GCA) were involved in majority of the heterotic hybrids. The tester Kt-18 was the best general
combiner for leaf width, DB-1305 for number of leaves/plant and DB-187 for leaf length,
plant height, gross plant weight and days to 50% curd initiation. However, GCA alone was not
sufficient to determine and identify the potential parental lines. Hybrids Ogu-101 × DB-1305
and Ogu-119 × Suprimax Late were the best specific combinations for marketable curd weight,
marketable curd yield, net curd weight and net curd yield. The hybrid Ogu-119 × Suprimax
Late was the best heterotic combination for marketable curd weight, marketable curd yield,
net curd weight and net curd yield, followed by Ogu-101 × DB-1305, Ogu-119 × Sel-26 and
Ogu-101 × DB-187. Our findings will be instrumental to identify suitable parental lines and
developing heterotic F1 hybrids in cauliflower.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableBiofloc technology is a sustainable tool for aquaculture production. This study is the first of its kind to provide insights into the quantitative visualization of global biofloc research trends in the aquaculture sector for the last two decades based on metadata analysis. The metadata on biofloc research retrieved during the period 1999–2021 from Web of Science was analysed. The results indicate that Brazil is the most active contributor to biofloc research—followed by China, Mexico, the United States, and India—in terms of number of publications; however, Israel holds the highest average citations per paper. The most cited paper in biofloc research has been cited 513 times, and Avnimelech from Technion Israel institute of Technology is the author of the most cited paper (513 citations) in biofloc research. The most widely studied species are shrimp and tilapia, specifically Penaeus vannamei and Oreochromis niloticus. The journal Aquaculture published a maximum number of research papers on biofloc (153 papers), followed by Aquaculture Research (96 papers) and Aquaculture International (47 papers). The trend analysis revealed that the topics related to disease resistance, different carbon sources, and microbial community are emerging in recent times.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableSpice crops comprise diverse, economically valuable crops with numerous applications
ranging from culinary to pharmaceutical industries. Spices are an integral part
of cuisines worldwide, imparting characteristic flavor, aroma, and pungency to food.
Breeding and crop improvement efforts in spices have focused on enhancing yield and
quality parameters (essential oil, oleoresin, fiber, etc.) along with bioactive chemical
constituents. The prominent breeding strategies followed are selection, hybridization,
mutation, in vitro approaches, and transgenics. Polyploidy is one of the drivers
of speciation and evolution, increasing the biological diversity in many crops, including
spices. Polyploidy, either through natural means or artificial induction, broadens
the scope of crop improvement. The artificial induction of polyploidy is usually done
via antimitotic chemicals, duplicating the complete chromosomal set and allowing for
genetic alterations and rearrangements that result in phenotypic changes across the
board. As a result, increasing ploidy in crops often results in improved yield, biomass,
vigor, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and secondary metabolite production, all of
which can contribute to the economic success of these crops. This review provides an
overview of research on artificial polyploidization in spice crops, including the polyploidy
induction system, polyploidy generation, and screening methods to select the
polyploids of interest. Thus, we have summarized the significant applications of artificial
polyploidy in crop improvement that can serve as a potent reference for future
research works in the same direction in the under-explored spice crops.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe experiment has been conducted to resolve the poor partitioning of dry matter towards rhizome by using plant growth regulators (PGRs). Therefore, two pot culture experiments were conducted during 2020-22 using the variety IISR Varada to investigate the effects of foliar application of PGRs (6-BAP, cycocel, GA3 and PBZ at five different concentrations viz. control, 50ppm, 100ppm,150ppm and 200ppm in three replications) on growth and yield. The experiment was laid out in Factorial CRD design under polyhouse condition. The results revealed that 6-BAPat 100ppm significantly increased the number of tillers, secondary rhizomes, tertiary rhizomes, length, diameter of rhizomes, and rhizome yield (322.3g/ plant) which is 240% more than the controlNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableGrapevine (Vitis vinifera) is a globally important horticultural crop cultivated all over the world for its myriad uses. It is subjected to the infection of several diseases which attack susceptible grapevine varieties and cause severe loss in yield as well as to the economy. Application of fungicides is the major weapon against plant diseases, however, continuous application of fungicides leads to environmental pollution, emergence of fungicide resistance and pesticide residue in grapes. A weather-based disease forecasting model would enable the growers to take decisions at the right time for fungicide spray which will help in better disease management with reduced fungicide use. A reasonable level of prediction of downy mildew was obtained by using the disease forecasting model of MatWin II and IMETOS automatic weather data recorded. A multi-location trial was initiated to validate the prediction system to check the prediction of downy and powdery mildew and total reduction in the number of fungicide sprays for three consecutive years. Sprays were suggested when risk of disease was indicated by the model. Total five major parameters were observed i.e., terminal PDI of powdery and downy mildew, reduction in the number of sprays, yield and number of pesticide detection in both the plots. Results showed the significant reduction in terminal PDI of downy and powdery mildew along with increased yield and reduction in number of sprays and pesticide detections.Not Availabl